FUND Anatomy Quiz Week 6
vertebra- vertebral arch (cervical)
#2. The vertebral arch (or neural arch) is the posterior part of a vertebra. It consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes.
radiocarpal joint
#6 name the joint
carpometacarpal joints
#7 name these joints
lumbar vertebral inferior articular process
#7/8
thoracic superior vertebral notch
#8
zygapophysial (facet) joint
*synovial plane* joints between superior and inferior articular processes
bony feature- crest
3. ridge like raised surface on a bone.
bony feature- groove
4. A furrow in the bone surface which runs along the length of a vessel or nerve, providing space to avoid compression by adjacent muscle or external forces.
deep fascia
7. Layer of dense connective tissue that can surround individual muscles and groups of muscles to separate into fascial compartments
bony feature- line
8. long, thin projection, often with a rough surface.
atlanto-occipital joint
A
distal phalanx
A
humerus anatomical neck
A
pedicle of thoracic vertebra
A
rib
A
bony feature- protuberance
A bony outgrowth or protruding part
bony feature- foramen
A hole through bone which nerves and blood vessels pass.
external intercostal muscle
A muscle that raises the rib cage, decreasing pressure inside the chest cavity
bony feature- tuberosity
A rough elevated surface.
bony feature- spine
A sharp, slender, or narrow process, rightward arrow.
bony feature- tubercle
A small, rounded process
bony feature- facet
A smooth, flat surface that forms a joint with another flat bone or another facet, together forming a gliding joint
bony feature- meatus
A tube-like channel that extends within the bone, which may provide passage and protection to nerves, vessels, and even sound. Examples include external acoustic meatus and internal auditory meatus.
cruciate ligament of neck
A. The ligament is named as such because it is in the shape of a cross.
tibia
A. big bone in the leg
clavicle
A. collarbone.
femoral nerve
A. innervates anterior thigh L2-L4
superficial fibular nerve
A. innervates lateral compartment of leg
patella
A. kneecap.
posterior longitudinal ligament
A. prevents hyperflexion
Bony Feature- tubercle of C1
A. round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal.
humerus capitulum
A. smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus. It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone.
Hip bone- acetabulum
A. socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits.
erector spinae muscles
A.straighten and rotate the back. comprised of: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis
bony feature- fissure
An open slit in a bone that usually houses nerves and blood vessels.
atlantoaxial joint
B
femur- medial condyle
B
head of femur
B
intervertebral disc
B
middle phalanx
B
zygapophysial (facet) joint
B
humerus head
B.
intercostal nerves
B. also known as thoracic ventral rami
interspinous ligament
B. connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae
deep fibular nerve
B. innervates anterior compartment of leg and dorsal compartment of foot
sciatic nerve
B. innervates posterior thigh L2-S3
fibula
B. small bone in the leg.
transverse process of L1 vertebra
B. small bony projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae
femur- lateral condyle
C
femur- neck
C
intervertebral joint
C
proximal phalanx
C
tarsal bones
C
zygapophysial joint
C
vertebral foramen, spinal cord
C name the space and the structure within the space
radius head
C.
Pedicle
C. Connects body of vertebrae to transverse processes
proximal radioulnar joint
C. head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna to create this pivot joint. @ elbow.
obturator nerve
C. innervates medial compartment of thigh
acromioclavicular joint
C. junction of clavicle and acromion process of scapula
vertebra- vertebral foramen (cervical)
Contains spinal cord. Made by the vertebral notches.
ankle joint
D
costovertebral joint
D
intervertebral disc
D
intervertebral foramen
D
metacarpal
D
metatarsal
D
sacrum
D
scapula- acromion
D
tibia- lateral tibial plateau
D
vertebra- Inferior Articular Process (cervical)
D- projections of the vertebra that serve the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra. The actual region of contact is called the articular facet. TOP VERTEBRA
vertebra- superior articular process
D- superior articular processes are top flat surfaces that articulate with the inferior articular processes of the vertebra above it. (BOTTOM)
radius neck
D.
lumbrosacral plexus
D. delivers motor to, and sensory from, the lower extremity
posterior longitudinal ligament
D. prevents hyperflexion
movement- extension
Done by the posterior muscles: Erector spinae, semispinalis throacis, gluteus maximus
carpal bones
E
head of fibula
E
humerus medial epicondyle
E
rib
E
spinous process
E
spinous process of lumbar vertebra
E
zygapophysial joint (facet joint) of C1/C2
E
vertebra- Inferior vertebral notch (cervical)
E. Helps form intervertebral foramen (TOP)
spinous process
E. also known as vertebra prominens
lateral malleolus
E. outside of ankle.
vertebra- Pedicle (cervical)
Each vertebra has two cylinder-shaped projections (pedicles) of hard bone that stick out from the back part of the vertebral body
body of lumbar vertebra
F
erector spinae muscle
F
neck of fibula
F
phalanx
F
ulna olecranon
F.
scapula glenoid fossa
F. shallow, pyriform articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. ... The humerus is held in place within the glenoid cavity by means of the long head of the biceps tendon.
radius
F. the forearm bone on the thumb side
Sternoclediomastoid muscle
Flexes and laterally rotates the head. one on each side.
interchondral joint
Formed between the costal cartilages of the ribs (bottom ribs that don't directly attach to the spinal cord on their own.)
humerus lateral epicondyle
G
humerus surgical neck
G
medial tibial plateau
G
spinous process of thoracic vertebra
G
lamina of thoracic vertebra
H
transverse process of thoracic vertebra
I
Joint type - primary cartilaginous
Joint type? These bones are connected by hyaline cartilage and sometimes occur between ossification centers. ... Some in humans are the "growth plates" between ossification centers in long bones.
movement- lateral flexion
Lateral flexion describes the active or passive bending movement of a body part in the lateral direction, that is to say sidewards. The lateral flexion concerns mainly torso or neck and can be performed either to the right or to the left side.
supraspinous ligament
Limits flexion
intervertebral foramen
Opening formed by the inferior and superior notches on the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae. Allows passage of spinal nerves and vessels.
Thoracic Spinous Process
Spinous process is long, sharp; projects inferiorly.
intercostal artery
Supplies blood to the rib muscles in the chest wall; consists of ten pairs. supplies blood to corresponding intercostal space.
lumbar arteries
Supply vertebrae, spinal cord, abdominal wall. They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrae. parallel w/ intercostal arteries.
Interphalangeal (IP) Joints
Synovial hinge joints between the phalanges
Ribs
The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs.
antagonist muscle
The muscle opposite the agonist, which must relax and lengthen during contraction of the agonist.
glenohumeral joint
The synovial ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder
Transversospinalis muscles
Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. These muscles are small and have a poor mechanical advantage for contributing to motion. comprised of semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores
bony feature- trochanter
Two massive processes unique to the femur, blue arrow.
Knee joint
What joint is this?
scapula - superior border
What structure is highlighted?
humerus trochlea
a flared medial condyle that articulates with the ulna
scoliosis
a sideways curvature of the spine
lordosis
abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition). common in pregnant women. stick your butt out.
innermost intercostal muscles
acts with internal intercostals
bony feature- ramus
an arm or branch of a bone, in particular those of the ischium and pubic region or of the jawbone.
metatarsophalangeal joint
articulation between a metatarsal bone of the foot and the proximal phalanx bone of a toe
alanto-axial joint
articulation between the atlas and axis. turning of the head.
atlanto-occipital joint
articulation between the atlas and the cranium. flexion and extension of the head.
distal radioulnar joint
articulation between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius. @ wrist.
tarsometatarsal joints
between tarsals and metatarsals
nuchal ligament
binds the skull to the vertebral column
foot- plantar compartment
black line, compartment on bottom of the foot.
Sacrum
bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column
bony feature- malleolus
bony prominence on each side of the human ankle.
vertebra- lamina (cervical)
bony region between the transverse process and the spinous process
vertebra- superior vertebral notch
bottom of the foramen.
Sternum
chest bone
vertebra - cervical vertebral body
circle shaped
thigh- posterior compartment
compartment
forearm- posterior compartment
compartment?
hand- dorsal compartment
compartment?
hand- palmar compartment
compartment?
leg- lateral compartment
compartment?
leg- posterior compartment
compartment?
thigh- anterior compartment
compartment?
bone shape- irregular
complex shape. vertebra, facial bones
external abdominal oblique
compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk. Think hands pointed diagonally down into pockets.
internal abdominal oblique muscle
compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk. perpendicular to the external.
anterior longitudinal ligament
connects anterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies; prevents hyperextension
ligamentum flavum
connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae
vertebral canal
contains the spinal cord
bone shape- short
cube like bone shape. carpals/ tarsals
ulna trochlear notch aka semilunar notch
deep notch that separates the olecranon and the coronoid process; articulates with the trochlea of the humerus
Humerus - olecranon fossa
deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus
bony feature- fossa
depression or hollow in bones
Brachial plexus - anterior division of inferior trunk
division of what trunk?
Brachial plexus - anterior division of middle trunk
division of what trunk?
Brachial plexus - anterior division of superior trunk
division of what trunk?
Brachial plexus - posterior division of inferior trunk
division of what trunk?
Brachial plexus - posterior division of middle trunk
division of what trunk?
Brachial plexus - posterior division of superior trunk
division of what trunk?
kyphosis
excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back. think old person with shopping cart.
alar ligament
extends from sides of the dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum. assists in rotation of the head.
rectus abdominis
flexes trunk. 6 pack.
dorsal ramus
forms from the dorsal root of the nerve after it emerges from the spinal cord.
metacarpal bones
hand bones
thoracic vertebral body
heart-shaped, 1 or 2 costal facets for articulation with head of rib
elbow joint
hinge joint formed by humerus, ulna, and radius
ulna interosseous border
identify the blue line which serves as this border. membrane.
radius interosseous border
identify the green line that serves as this border
axillary nerve
innervates deltoid and teres minor.
tibial nerve
innervates posterior compartment of leg and plantar compartment of foot
medial malleolus of tibia
inside of ankle
scapula- spine
is the sharp ridge that runs diagonally along the dorsal aspect of the scapula
lumbar body
kidney bean
tectorial membrane of spine
letter B. is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament
intervertebral disc
lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column. Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, and to function as a shock absorber for the spine.
intrinsic back muscles
maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column. Extends in the midline from the medial crest of the sacrum to the nuchal ligament and skull, and spreads laterally to the transverse processes and angles of the ribs.
movement- flexion
make angle smaller.
arm- anterior compartment
name compartment
arm- posterior compartment
name compartment
Epidermis
outermost layer of skin
costovertebral joint
pertaining to the joint between a rib and a vertebra (A and B)
bony feature- process
projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body.
external intercostal muscles
raise the rib cage. hands up but on outside.
foot- dorsal compartment
red arrows (compartment on top of foot)
interphalangeal joints of foot
red lines.
lower limb region- thigh
region between hip and knee joints
lower limb region- leg
region between knee and ankle joints
bony feature- condyle
round prominence at the end of a bone. Attaches to another bone. smooth.
bony feature- epicondyle
rounded end of bone, rough, attaches to muscles.
bone shape- sesamoid
small and round shape. embedded in tendons. ex: patella.
vertebra- Transverse Process
small bony projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae. The two transverse processes of each vertebrae function as the site of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine as well as the point of articulation of the ribs (in the thoracic spine).
common fibular nerve
smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve
Vertebra- Spinous Process (cervical)
spinous process protrudes where the laminae of the vertebral arch join and provides the point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine.
Extrinsic back muscles
superifical. involved in movements of the upper limb and with respiration. Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid, trapezius. Attaches pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula, humerus) to axial skeleton (skull, ribs, spine)
sternocostal joint
synovial joint between rib cartilage 2-7 and sternum
tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis
tendons between the 6 pack muscles
sternoclavicular joint
the area where the clavicle and the sternum connect
transversus abdominis
the deepest innermost layer of all abdominal muscles and is located underneath your rectus abdominis (the six-pack stomach muscle). The transverse abdominis muscle runs horizontally across the abdomen and is recruited almost any time a limb moves.
descending aorta
the descending part of the aorta that branches into the thoracic and abdominal aortae
bone shape- flat
thin and curved. skull bones, shoulder blade, sternum, ribs. Protects organs and point of muscle attachment.
phalanges of foot
toes
Joint type - secondary cartilaginous
type of joint? fibrocartilaginous and hyaline joints, which usually occur at the midline. ... Articulating bones at a symphysis are covered with hyaline cartilage and have a thick, fairly compressible pad of fibrocartilage between them.
Joint type - synovial
type of joint? movable type of joint found in the human body. fluid filled.
Joint type - fibrous
type of joint? no joint cavity. connected by dense connective tissue consisting mainly of collagen. "fixed" or "immovable" joints
lumbar vein
vein that runs up through the lumbar region on the side of the vertebral column
Humerus (entire bone)
what bone
hip bone (entire bone)
what bone
Brachial plexus - lateral cord
what cord?
Brachial plexus - medial cord
what cord?
Brachial plexus - posterior cord
what cord?
Phalanges of hand
what is highlighted?
hip joint
what joint
internal intercostal muscles
what muscle? think hands pointed diagonally up
median nerve
what nerve?
lower limb region- gluteal region
what region is at the top?
lower limb region- foot
what region is at the very bottom?
Brachial plexus - C5 root
what root?
Brachial plexus - C6 root
what root?
Brachial plexus - C7 root
what root?
Brachial plexus - C8 root
what root?
Brachial plexus - T1 root
what root?
Brachial plexus - inferior trunk
what trunk?
Brachial plexus - middle trunk
what trunk?
Brachial plexus - superior trunk
what trunk?