FUND Anatomy Quiz Week 6

vertebra- vertebral arch (cervical)

#2. The vertebral arch (or neural arch) is the posterior part of a vertebra. It consists of a pair of pedicles and a pair of laminae, and supports seven processes: four articular processes.

radiocarpal joint

#6 name the joint

carpometacarpal joints

#7 name these joints

lumbar vertebral inferior articular process

#7/8

thoracic superior vertebral notch

#8

zygapophysial (facet) joint

*synovial plane* joints between superior and inferior articular processes

bony feature- crest

3. ridge like raised surface on a bone.

bony feature- groove

4. A furrow in the bone surface which runs along the length of a vessel or nerve, providing space to avoid compression by adjacent muscle or external forces.

deep fascia

7. Layer of dense connective tissue that can surround individual muscles and groups of muscles to separate into fascial compartments

bony feature- line

8. long, thin projection, often with a rough surface.

atlanto-occipital joint

A

distal phalanx

A

humerus anatomical neck

A

pedicle of thoracic vertebra

A

rib

A

bony feature- protuberance

A bony outgrowth or protruding part

bony feature- foramen

A hole through bone which nerves and blood vessels pass.

external intercostal muscle

A muscle that raises the rib cage, decreasing pressure inside the chest cavity

bony feature- tuberosity

A rough elevated surface.

bony feature- spine

A sharp, slender, or narrow process, rightward arrow.

bony feature- tubercle

A small, rounded process

bony feature- facet

A smooth, flat surface that forms a joint with another flat bone or another facet, together forming a gliding joint

bony feature- meatus

A tube-like channel that extends within the bone, which may provide passage and protection to nerves, vessels, and even sound. Examples include external acoustic meatus and internal auditory meatus.

cruciate ligament of neck

A. The ligament is named as such because it is in the shape of a cross.

tibia

A. big bone in the leg

clavicle

A. collarbone.

femoral nerve

A. innervates anterior thigh L2-L4

superficial fibular nerve

A. innervates lateral compartment of leg

patella

A. kneecap.

posterior longitudinal ligament

A. prevents hyperflexion

Bony Feature- tubercle of C1

A. round nodule, small eminence, or warty outgrowth found on external or internal organs of a plant or an animal.

humerus capitulum

A. smooth, rounded eminence on the lateral portion of the distal articular surface of the humerus. It articulates with the cupshaped depression on the head of the radius, and is limited to the front and lower part of the bone.

Hip bone- acetabulum

A. socket of the hipbone, into which the head of the femur fits.

erector spinae muscles

A.straighten and rotate the back. comprised of: iliocostalis, longissimus, spinalis

bony feature- fissure

An open slit in a bone that usually houses nerves and blood vessels.

atlantoaxial joint

B

femur- medial condyle

B

head of femur

B

intervertebral disc

B

middle phalanx

B

zygapophysial (facet) joint

B

humerus head

B.

intercostal nerves

B. also known as thoracic ventral rami

interspinous ligament

B. connects the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae

deep fibular nerve

B. innervates anterior compartment of leg and dorsal compartment of foot

sciatic nerve

B. innervates posterior thigh L2-S3

fibula

B. small bone in the leg.

transverse process of L1 vertebra

B. small bony projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae

femur- lateral condyle

C

femur- neck

C

intervertebral joint

C

proximal phalanx

C

tarsal bones

C

zygapophysial joint

C

vertebral foramen, spinal cord

C name the space and the structure within the space

radius head

C.

Pedicle

C. Connects body of vertebrae to transverse processes

proximal radioulnar joint

C. head of radius articulates with radial notch of ulna to create this pivot joint. @ elbow.

obturator nerve

C. innervates medial compartment of thigh

acromioclavicular joint

C. junction of clavicle and acromion process of scapula

vertebra- vertebral foramen (cervical)

Contains spinal cord. Made by the vertebral notches.

ankle joint

D

costovertebral joint

D

intervertebral disc

D

intervertebral foramen

D

metacarpal

D

metatarsal

D

sacrum

D

scapula- acromion

D

tibia- lateral tibial plateau

D

vertebra- Inferior Articular Process (cervical)

D- projections of the vertebra that serve the purpose of fitting with an adjacent vertebra. The actual region of contact is called the articular facet. TOP VERTEBRA

vertebra- superior articular process

D- superior articular processes are top flat surfaces that articulate with the inferior articular processes of the vertebra above it. (BOTTOM)

radius neck

D.

lumbrosacral plexus

D. delivers motor to, and sensory from, the lower extremity

posterior longitudinal ligament

D. prevents hyperflexion

movement- extension

Done by the posterior muscles: Erector spinae, semispinalis throacis, gluteus maximus

carpal bones

E

head of fibula

E

humerus medial epicondyle

E

rib

E

spinous process

E

spinous process of lumbar vertebra

E

zygapophysial joint (facet joint) of C1/C2

E

vertebra- Inferior vertebral notch (cervical)

E. Helps form intervertebral foramen (TOP)

spinous process

E. also known as vertebra prominens

lateral malleolus

E. outside of ankle.

vertebra- Pedicle (cervical)

Each vertebra has two cylinder-shaped projections (pedicles) of hard bone that stick out from the back part of the vertebral body

body of lumbar vertebra

F

erector spinae muscle

F

neck of fibula

F

phalanx

F

ulna olecranon

F.

scapula glenoid fossa

F. shallow, pyriform articular surface, which is located on the lateral angle of the scapula. ... The humerus is held in place within the glenoid cavity by means of the long head of the biceps tendon.

radius

F. the forearm bone on the thumb side

Sternoclediomastoid muscle

Flexes and laterally rotates the head. one on each side.

interchondral joint

Formed between the costal cartilages of the ribs (bottom ribs that don't directly attach to the spinal cord on their own.)

humerus lateral epicondyle

G

humerus surgical neck

G

medial tibial plateau

G

spinous process of thoracic vertebra

G

lamina of thoracic vertebra

H

transverse process of thoracic vertebra

I

Joint type - primary cartilaginous

Joint type? These bones are connected by hyaline cartilage and sometimes occur between ossification centers. ... Some in humans are the "growth plates" between ossification centers in long bones.

movement- lateral flexion

Lateral flexion describes the active or passive bending movement of a body part in the lateral direction, that is to say sidewards. The lateral flexion concerns mainly torso or neck and can be performed either to the right or to the left side.

supraspinous ligament

Limits flexion

intervertebral foramen

Opening formed by the inferior and superior notches on the pedicles of adjacent vertebrae. Allows passage of spinal nerves and vessels.

Thoracic Spinous Process

Spinous process is long, sharp; projects inferiorly.

intercostal artery

Supplies blood to the rib muscles in the chest wall; consists of ten pairs. supplies blood to corresponding intercostal space.

lumbar arteries

Supply vertebrae, spinal cord, abdominal wall. They are usually four in number on either side, and arise from the back of the aorta, opposite the bodies of the upper four lumbar vertebrae. parallel w/ intercostal arteries.

Interphalangeal (IP) Joints

Synovial hinge joints between the phalanges

Ribs

The bones in the chest that protect the heart and lungs.

antagonist muscle

The muscle opposite the agonist, which must relax and lengthen during contraction of the agonist.

glenohumeral joint

The synovial ball-and-socket joint of the shoulder

Transversospinalis muscles

Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. These muscles are small and have a poor mechanical advantage for contributing to motion. comprised of semispinalis, multifidus, rotatores

bony feature- trochanter

Two massive processes unique to the femur, blue arrow.

Knee joint

What joint is this?

scapula - superior border

What structure is highlighted?

humerus trochlea

a flared medial condyle that articulates with the ulna

scoliosis

a sideways curvature of the spine

lordosis

abnormal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine (sway-back condition). common in pregnant women. stick your butt out.

innermost intercostal muscles

acts with internal intercostals

bony feature- ramus

an arm or branch of a bone, in particular those of the ischium and pubic region or of the jawbone.

metatarsophalangeal joint

articulation between a metatarsal bone of the foot and the proximal phalanx bone of a toe

alanto-axial joint

articulation between the atlas and axis. turning of the head.

atlanto-occipital joint

articulation between the atlas and the cranium. flexion and extension of the head.

distal radioulnar joint

articulation between the head of the ulna and the ulnar notch of the radius. @ wrist.

tarsometatarsal joints

between tarsals and metatarsals

nuchal ligament

binds the skull to the vertebral column

foot- plantar compartment

black line, compartment on bottom of the foot.

Sacrum

bone formed from five vertebrae fused together near the base of the spinal column

bony feature- malleolus

bony prominence on each side of the human ankle.

vertebra- lamina (cervical)

bony region between the transverse process and the spinous process

vertebra- superior vertebral notch

bottom of the foramen.

Sternum

chest bone

vertebra - cervical vertebral body

circle shaped

thigh- posterior compartment

compartment

forearm- posterior compartment

compartment?

hand- dorsal compartment

compartment?

hand- palmar compartment

compartment?

leg- lateral compartment

compartment?

leg- posterior compartment

compartment?

thigh- anterior compartment

compartment?

bone shape- irregular

complex shape. vertebra, facial bones

external abdominal oblique

compresses abdominal wall, laterally rotates trunk. Think hands pointed diagonally down into pockets.

internal abdominal oblique muscle

compresses and supports abdominal viscera; flexes and rotates trunk. perpendicular to the external.

anterior longitudinal ligament

connects anterior surfaces of adjacent vertebral bodies; prevents hyperextension

ligamentum flavum

connects the laminae of adjacent vertebrae

vertebral canal

contains the spinal cord

bone shape- short

cube like bone shape. carpals/ tarsals

ulna trochlear notch aka semilunar notch

deep notch that separates the olecranon and the coronoid process; articulates with the trochlea of the humerus

Humerus - olecranon fossa

deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus

bony feature- fossa

depression or hollow in bones

Brachial plexus - anterior division of inferior trunk

division of what trunk?

Brachial plexus - anterior division of middle trunk

division of what trunk?

Brachial plexus - anterior division of superior trunk

division of what trunk?

Brachial plexus - posterior division of inferior trunk

division of what trunk?

Brachial plexus - posterior division of middle trunk

division of what trunk?

Brachial plexus - posterior division of superior trunk

division of what trunk?

kyphosis

excessive outward curvature of the spine, causing hunching of the back. think old person with shopping cart.

alar ligament

extends from sides of the dens to lateral margins of foramen magnum. assists in rotation of the head.

rectus abdominis

flexes trunk. 6 pack.

dorsal ramus

forms from the dorsal root of the nerve after it emerges from the spinal cord.

metacarpal bones

hand bones

thoracic vertebral body

heart-shaped, 1 or 2 costal facets for articulation with head of rib

elbow joint

hinge joint formed by humerus, ulna, and radius

ulna interosseous border

identify the blue line which serves as this border. membrane.

radius interosseous border

identify the green line that serves as this border

axillary nerve

innervates deltoid and teres minor.

tibial nerve

innervates posterior compartment of leg and plantar compartment of foot

medial malleolus of tibia

inside of ankle

scapula- spine

is the sharp ridge that runs diagonally along the dorsal aspect of the scapula

lumbar body

kidney bean

tectorial membrane of spine

letter B. is a continuation of the posterior longitudinal ligament

intervertebral disc

lies between adjacent vertebrae in the vertebral column. Each disc forms a fibrocartilaginous joint (a symphysis), to allow slight movement of the vertebrae, to act as a ligament to hold the vertebrae together, and to function as a shock absorber for the spine.

intrinsic back muscles

maintain posture and control movements of the vertebral column. Extends in the midline from the medial crest of the sacrum to the nuchal ligament and skull, and spreads laterally to the transverse processes and angles of the ribs.

movement- flexion

make angle smaller.

arm- anterior compartment

name compartment

arm- posterior compartment

name compartment

Epidermis

outermost layer of skin

costovertebral joint

pertaining to the joint between a rib and a vertebra (A and B)

bony feature- process

projection or outgrowth of tissue from a larger body.

external intercostal muscles

raise the rib cage. hands up but on outside.

foot- dorsal compartment

red arrows (compartment on top of foot)

interphalangeal joints of foot

red lines.

lower limb region- thigh

region between hip and knee joints

lower limb region- leg

region between knee and ankle joints

bony feature- condyle

round prominence at the end of a bone. Attaches to another bone. smooth.

bony feature- epicondyle

rounded end of bone, rough, attaches to muscles.

bone shape- sesamoid

small and round shape. embedded in tendons. ex: patella.

vertebra- Transverse Process

small bony projection off the right and left side of each vertebrae. The two transverse processes of each vertebrae function as the site of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine as well as the point of articulation of the ribs (in the thoracic spine).

common fibular nerve

smaller terminal branch of the sciatic nerve

Vertebra- Spinous Process (cervical)

spinous process protrudes where the laminae of the vertebral arch join and provides the point of attachment for muscles and ligaments of the spine.

Extrinsic back muscles

superifical. involved in movements of the upper limb and with respiration. Latissimus dorsi, levator scapulae, rhomboid, trapezius. Attaches pectoral girdle (clavicle, scapula, humerus) to axial skeleton (skull, ribs, spine)

sternocostal joint

synovial joint between rib cartilage 2-7 and sternum

tendinous intersections of rectus abdominis

tendons between the 6 pack muscles

sternoclavicular joint

the area where the clavicle and the sternum connect

transversus abdominis

the deepest innermost layer of all abdominal muscles and is located underneath your rectus abdominis (the six-pack stomach muscle). The transverse abdominis muscle runs horizontally across the abdomen and is recruited almost any time a limb moves.

descending aorta

the descending part of the aorta that branches into the thoracic and abdominal aortae

bone shape- flat

thin and curved. skull bones, shoulder blade, sternum, ribs. Protects organs and point of muscle attachment.

phalanges of foot

toes

Joint type - secondary cartilaginous

type of joint? fibrocartilaginous and hyaline joints, which usually occur at the midline. ... Articulating bones at a symphysis are covered with hyaline cartilage and have a thick, fairly compressible pad of fibrocartilage between them.

Joint type - synovial

type of joint? movable type of joint found in the human body. fluid filled.

Joint type - fibrous

type of joint? no joint cavity. connected by dense connective tissue consisting mainly of collagen. "fixed" or "immovable" joints

lumbar vein

vein that runs up through the lumbar region on the side of the vertebral column

Humerus (entire bone)

what bone

hip bone (entire bone)

what bone

Brachial plexus - lateral cord

what cord?

Brachial plexus - medial cord

what cord?

Brachial plexus - posterior cord

what cord?

Phalanges of hand

what is highlighted?

hip joint

what joint

internal intercostal muscles

what muscle? think hands pointed diagonally up

median nerve

what nerve?

lower limb region- gluteal region

what region is at the top?

lower limb region- foot

what region is at the very bottom?

Brachial plexus - C5 root

what root?

Brachial plexus - C6 root

what root?

Brachial plexus - C7 root

what root?

Brachial plexus - C8 root

what root?

Brachial plexus - T1 root

what root?

Brachial plexus - inferior trunk

what trunk?

Brachial plexus - middle trunk

what trunk?

Brachial plexus - superior trunk

what trunk?