Fundamental Forces (Physics)

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where in the universe are elements made?

stars

how are elements made in stars?

stars have a lot of mass so gravity pushes down and pushes the protons against the electromagnetic force and they push together.

how many types of bosons are there?

4

how are neutrons able to add strong force without electromagnetic repulsion?

because protons and neutrons are both made out of quarks and quarks obey the strong nuclear force.

why do two like positive charges attract in the nucleus?

because the boson for strong force (gluons) "glue" them together

what is the name of force carrying particles?

bosons

In the universe what counts accounts for the excess mass in the universe that we cannot see or measure directly?

dark matter

what force attracts electrons to the nucleus?

electromagnetic force

what force pushes the nucleus apart?

electromagnetic force

what are the four fundamental forces?

electromagnetic force strong force gravity weak force

what part of the atom is negative?

electron

theoretically why is the expansion of the universe expanding?

expansion is going faster because of dark matter

quarks, known as up, down, top, bottom, strange, and charm are all types of what?

flavors

What proof do we have that dark matter is there? How can we indirectly see it?

gravitational lensing

what is the boson for gravity?

gravitons

what force only attracts?

gravity

why do hadrons explode in the large hadron collider?

hadrons have a bunch of stuff in them so when they hit into each other they break apart because they are not elementary.

which part of the element is elementary?

hadrons.

what element makes up 10% of the universe?

helium

what is the other name for gravitons?

higgs

what element makes up 90% of the universe?

hydrogen

what are the ranges of the electromagnetic and gravity forces?

infinite

What lepton is the most abundant particle in the universe and responsible for radioactivity?

neutrino.

99.99999% of atoms are ________

nothing (space)

In the atom, what messenger particle communicates between the electron and the nucleus?

photon

what is the boson for the electromagnetic force?

photon

what particle has no mass?

photon

When quarks are held together by the strong force, what does that make?

protons and neutrons

what are hadrons composed of?

quarks

what elementary particles are held together by strong force?

quarks

theoretically what are the smallest pieces of the universe?

strings

the mass of an atom comes from what?

the nucleus

why does the mass of an atom come from the nucleus?

the nucleus carries all of the weight because protons and neutrons make up the nucleus and they are humongous.

what is fusion? what causes this?

the process of an atomic nuclei being formed. gravity? (happens in a star)

what is fission? and what causes this?

the process of an atomic nucleus breaking apart. the electromagnetic force causes this.

what prevents elements from having 300 protons in a nucleus?

the strong force have too short of a range.

what makes string theoretical?

there has to be 10 dimensions

why is the universe expanding?

there is no outside force stopping the universe from expanding

why do neutrons exist?

they add strong force without electromagnetic repulsion

define elementary particle.

they cannot be broken apart

what quarks make up hadrons?

ups and downs


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