Fundamental Forces (Physics)
where in the universe are elements made?
stars
how are elements made in stars?
stars have a lot of mass so gravity pushes down and pushes the protons against the electromagnetic force and they push together.
how many types of bosons are there?
4
how are neutrons able to add strong force without electromagnetic repulsion?
because protons and neutrons are both made out of quarks and quarks obey the strong nuclear force.
why do two like positive charges attract in the nucleus?
because the boson for strong force (gluons) "glue" them together
what is the name of force carrying particles?
bosons
In the universe what counts accounts for the excess mass in the universe that we cannot see or measure directly?
dark matter
what force attracts electrons to the nucleus?
electromagnetic force
what force pushes the nucleus apart?
electromagnetic force
what are the four fundamental forces?
electromagnetic force strong force gravity weak force
what part of the atom is negative?
electron
theoretically why is the expansion of the universe expanding?
expansion is going faster because of dark matter
quarks, known as up, down, top, bottom, strange, and charm are all types of what?
flavors
What proof do we have that dark matter is there? How can we indirectly see it?
gravitational lensing
what is the boson for gravity?
gravitons
what force only attracts?
gravity
why do hadrons explode in the large hadron collider?
hadrons have a bunch of stuff in them so when they hit into each other they break apart because they are not elementary.
which part of the element is elementary?
hadrons.
what element makes up 10% of the universe?
helium
what is the other name for gravitons?
higgs
what element makes up 90% of the universe?
hydrogen
what are the ranges of the electromagnetic and gravity forces?
infinite
What lepton is the most abundant particle in the universe and responsible for radioactivity?
neutrino.
99.99999% of atoms are ________
nothing (space)
In the atom, what messenger particle communicates between the electron and the nucleus?
photon
what is the boson for the electromagnetic force?
photon
what particle has no mass?
photon
When quarks are held together by the strong force, what does that make?
protons and neutrons
what are hadrons composed of?
quarks
what elementary particles are held together by strong force?
quarks
theoretically what are the smallest pieces of the universe?
strings
the mass of an atom comes from what?
the nucleus
why does the mass of an atom come from the nucleus?
the nucleus carries all of the weight because protons and neutrons make up the nucleus and they are humongous.
what is fusion? what causes this?
the process of an atomic nuclei being formed. gravity? (happens in a star)
what is fission? and what causes this?
the process of an atomic nucleus breaking apart. the electromagnetic force causes this.
what prevents elements from having 300 protons in a nucleus?
the strong force have too short of a range.
what makes string theoretical?
there has to be 10 dimensions
why is the universe expanding?
there is no outside force stopping the universe from expanding
why do neutrons exist?
they add strong force without electromagnetic repulsion
define elementary particle.
they cannot be broken apart
what quarks make up hadrons?
ups and downs
