Fundamentals- chapter 33: health promotion and care of the older adult

what may be given for older adults who have difficulty picking up a cup or bending the neck

an adaptive cup with a double handle or a cutout for the nose

rapid weight loss may indicate what?

an illness

after bathing, what usually increases most individuals comfort

application of water-based lotion to dry areas

When discussing aging, the nurse clarifies that the term older adulthood applies to those who are older than: a. 55. b. 65. c. 70. d. 75.

b. 65

People born between 1946 and 1964 are generally referred to as

baby boomers

most moles are

benign

regarding the nails... what indicated possible pulmonary or cardiac disease

bilateral clubbing of fingers

What nursing interventions will minimize the effects of venous stasis?a. Pillows under the knee in a position of comfort b. Sitting with the feet flat on the floor c. Early ambulation d. Gentle leg massage

c. Early ambulation Early ambulation has been a significant factor in hastening postoperative recovery and preventing postoperative complications.

The nurse recognizes that an older adult patient with COPD has a higher incidence of developing which age-related skeletal change that will alter the ability to exchange air effectively? a. Osteoporosis b. Arthritis c. Kyphosis d. Osteomyelitis

c. Kyphosis usually caused by osteoporosis, is a curvature of the spine that alters respiration and air exchange.

The nurse recognizes that a term referring to mechanical difficulty of swallowing is ___________.

dysphagia

a decrease in pacemaker cells occur, and the electrical conduction is slowed or altered, which can lead to

dysrhythmias

what is something that seems only natural for a nurse to encourage but many frequently fail to do so?

encourage people to make decisions that affect their own lives

Sandwich generation

the generation of adults who simultaneously try to meet the competing needs of their parents and their children

wellness is

the individual operating at the optimal level of function, even during chronic illness and dying, some level of well being is attainable.

why might and older adult sometimes decrease their fluid intake

to control incontinence or bc of an illness such as heart failure

When fluid deficit is caused by the older adult trying to control incontinence, the most appropriate interventions are

to make fluids readily available and toilet facilities more easily accessible. arranging the room so the access to the bathroom is unobstructed often helps.

what would be an exception for addressing an older individual as "Gramps", "Grandma", "Honey", or any other similar term or familiarity

unless the person is the caregivers grandparent

associated with cystitis, urethritis, tumors, stones, and central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as a stroke, dementia, and Parkinson's disease

urge incontinence

elite- old

100+

a total cholesterol level of ____mg/ dL raises the risk for carina disease

130

an older person needs a minimum of _________ of fluids a day

1500 mL

successful coping strategies to deal with grief may include

- avoiding isolation and self pity - helping others - joining groups - adopting a pet - setting goals - maintaining independence - retaining a sense of humor

patient protection and affordable care act (ACA)

- free medicare preventive services - medicare drug discount for eligible seniors who are in the "donut hole" - the health care law cracks down on waste, fraud, and abuse while providing new protections for seniors

secondary prevention

-focuses on early identification of individuals or communities experiencing illness, providing treatment, and conducting activities that are geared to prevent worsening health status -examples: communicable disease screening and case finding; early detection and treatment of diabetes; exercise programs for older adult clients who are frail

the AHA recommends ____ minutes of moderate intensity exercise three to five times a week

20 to 30 minutes

the ACA was signed into law in what year?

2010

sometimes the older adult needs assistance to the bathroom on a schedule, usually every 2 hours during the waking hours and every __ hours at night.

4

bladder capacity decreases approximately _____ with age

50%

older adulthood is considered between what age range?

65 and continues until death

young-old

65-74 years

Middle old age

75-84 years

by what age does almost everybody have some degree of COPD

90

primary prevention

Actions that change overall background conditions to prevent some unwanted event or circumstance, such as injury, disease, or abuse.

chronological age

Age as measured in years from date of birth

aging skin is defined as

dry and thin and loses tone and elasticity

combination of chronic bronchitis, chronic asthma and emphysema

COPD

who would a nurse ask to examine any suspicious- looking lesions?

Dermatologist

Frequent symptoms of depression in older adults

Fatigue, sadness, insomnia, anorexia, helplessness, crying, agitation, and hypochondria.

the "donut hole"

Medicare part D coverage gap

Provides a means of addressing the growing needs of caregivers

National Family Caregiver Support Program

to see clear results, should the client use more than one alternative therapies at once?

No; use only one therapy at a time to allow sufficient time to identify reactions

Objectives were to preserve the rights and dignity of our nation's older citizens

Older Americans Act 1965

Yellowed nails indicates

Possible fungal infection

older people who receive what type of therapy for depression show an improvement?

Psychotherapy

on non shower days, what may be provided for the patient

a partial bath

possible causes of dysphagia

a stroke or other neurologic dysfunction, local trauma, and obstruction w a tumor

The nurse suggests that to relieve the pain of claudication the patient should: a. rest. b. exercise. c. cross his legs. d. walk.

a. rest. A nursing intervention to relieve pain is to recommend the patient rest periodically until the pain subsides. The nurse could also suggest improving circulation progress by walking.

which psychosocial theory goes with the idea that older adults develop a positive concept concept of self as a result of maintaining ongoing social interaction. well-being in later life is enhanced by the substituting new roles in relation to family, recreation, and volunteer services for previous occupational roles

activity theory

a term that describe prejudice against older adults

ageism

In the past 50 years, life expectancy for Americans has increased by

almost 10 years

When assessing the skin of an older adult patient who is complaining of pruritus, the nurse advises the patient that to reduce further drying of her skin, she should avoid using: a. perfumed soap. b. hard-milled soap. c. antibacterial soap. d. antiseptic soap.

c. antibacterial

When the nurse attempts to assist an older adult who is having difficulty swallowing, the nurse suggests a position in which the chin is held: a. parallel. b. upward. c. down. d. to the side

c. down

A change of aging related to the circulatory system includes decreased blood vessel elasticity, which leads the nurse to assess for: a. confusion. b. tachycardia. c. hypertension. d. retained secretions.

c. hypertension

The nurse explains that the major difference between rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis is that rheumatoid arthritis: a. is degenerative. b. affects patients over 40 years of age. c. is inflammatory. d. is curable.

c. is inflammatory is an inflammatory disease; osteoarthritis is degenerative.

The nurse recognizes that arthritis affects an individual's functional ability. Interventions are aimed at relieving: a. pain and discomfort. b. formation of contractures. c. stress on affected joints. d. inflammation and scarring.

c. stress on affected joints. Interventions for older individuals with arthritis are aimed at relieving stress on affected joints.

malignant melanoma

cancerous growth composed of melanocytes

those who are older than 100 years of age may be referred to as

centenarians

knowledge about a persons culture and religious beliefs help the team provide what type of care?

compassionate care

Because thin skin and lack of subcutaneous fat predisposes the older adult to pressure ulcers, the nurse alters the care plan to include turning the bedfast patient every: a. shift. b. 4 hours. c. evening. d. 2 hours.

d. 2 hours

The nurse prepares the older adult patient with diabetes for which symptom of the disease that distorts tactile sensation? a. Proprioception b. Loss of visual acuity c. Progressive paresis d. Peripheral neuropathy

d. Peripheral neuropathy is the presence of abnormal sensation.

When an older female patient complains of painful sexual intercourse, the nurse recognizes that the probable cause is: a. urinary incontinence. b. arthritic joints. c. kyphosis. d. mucosal drying.

d. mucosal drying. Sexual intercourse may be uncomfortable because of drying of the mucosa of the vagina.

medications may alter the taste of foods or adults in a

decrease in saliva production

what is more common in the older adult than any other age-related group

depression

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

what can nocturia (urination at night) be a risk for?

fall risk

what other terms may be used to refer to individuals who are older than 75 years of age with health conditions?

frail elderly

occurs as a result of inability or unwillingness to get to the toilet because of physical limitations, depression, or confinement to bed or use of restraints

functional urinary incontinence

people inherit a genetic program that determines their specific life expectancy falls under what biologic theory?

genetic factors

the leading cause of death in the U.S. is

heart disease

What is known as the silent killer?

hypertension

the immune system becomes less effective and less able to distinguish between foreign and host cells, and aging is a result of the consequentially diminished protection from infection or disease, and the immune system destroying body cells that it misreads as defective or foreign... is what biologic theory of aging?

immunologic

what is the most important contributing factor to declining physical mobility and function

inactivity

age spots called ____ are tan and brown muscles brought on by sun exposure

lentigo

When bathing an 80-year-old woman who lives on a farm, the nurse assesses brown macules on the patient's hands and forearms. The nurse recognizes these as _________.

lentigo is a term that refers to brown-pigmented lesions on the skin of the older person who has spent a great deal of time in the sun. These macules are also called "age spots."

when should a lesion be examined by a dermatologist?

lesions that are irregularly shaped, raised, crusted or pitting, or bleeding easily

what tends to make chewing difficult and often allow food to collect under which results in lesions

loose-fitting dentures

what makes the skin wrinkles more apparent

loss of fat under the skin

forcing changes that exceed the individual's ability to cope sometimes results in

mental deterioration physical illness, and even death

is loss of teeth normal for an aging adult or a misconception?

misconception. it is NOT part of the normal aging process.

for detection of colorectal cancer, an annual fecal occult blood test is recommended for adults of what age

more than 50 years of age

two classifications are used for risk factors:

nonmodifiable and modifiable

to best meet the challenge of delivering age-appropriate care, what should the nurse know the differences between?

normal aging vs illness or disease-related changes

Defined as weighing 20% above a healthy body weight

obesity

why might an older adult have a higher chance of choking and aspiration?

older adults have decreased secretion of saliva and a diminished gag response

a chronically full bladder increases bladder pressure to a higher level than urethral resistance is able to counter, resulting in loss of a small volume of urine

overflow incontinence

decreased production or lack of production of the intrinsic factor causing the body to become unable to use ingested vitamin B12, leads to what

pernicious anemia

what should you assess the oral cavity for

presence of lesions; dental caries; loose, broken, or missing teeth; dentures that do not fit well; edematous gums, and halitosis (bad breathe)

cells in the body can reproduce only 40 to 60 times. aging takes place when more and more cells no longer have the capacity to generate themselves falls under what biologic theory of aging?

programmed aging

older people may report dryness and itching of the skin also known as

pruritus

Psychosocial theories try to give?

reasons for the responses and interactions older adults have w society during late adulthood

the provision of care by non family members with a goal of allowing the primary caregivers the opportunity for relief from the stressors and strains imposed by caring for an ill or debilitating family member refers to as

respite care

The nurse initiates the application of a drawsheet on every bedfast patient on her unit to facilitate lifting and to prevent _________ forces.

shearing

what increases the risk of debilitating COPD

smoking

First major legislation that attempted to provide financial security for older adults

social security act of 1935

the first major legislation that attempted to provide financial security for older adults was the?

social security act of 1935

recommended mouth care for older adults consisted of a thorough cleaning of the entire mouth with a soft or hard bristled tooth brush?can a foam-stick applicator also be used?

soft; yes

how should older adults use soap?

sparingly and rinse the residue completely away. avoiding antibacterial soap

what may be completed for detection of colorectal cancer

stool DNA test

involuntary loss of small amount of urine with increased abdominal pressure, such as coughing or sneezing

stress incontinence

what are caregivers at high risk for

stress related problems, including depression, anxiety, and increased vulnerability to physical health problems

enhance the quality of life for older adults, what should the nurse support?

support the patients hope, pride, confidence, security, and integrity

regarding GI system older adults may experience a reduction in the

taste and smell

which biologic theory believes cells in the body wear our from internal and external stress, including chemical damage, trauma, or dysfunction of body systems, and a buildup of waste products

wear and tear

biologic theories attempt to explain what

why the body ages