FW420C Midterm Questions
In reviewing your client's medical history, you note that she is on lipid lowering medication and her high-density lipoprotein cholesterol is 62 mg·dL-1. Based on her profile, how many total risk factors does she have? a) 0 b) 1 c) -1 d) 2
0 explanation: although the client's total cholesterol is considered a positive risk factor, this is negated as her HDL-C that is considered a negative risk factor.
A 30-year-old potential client states she had a physical and was informed by her physician that her total cholesterol and blood pressure looked great. You review her medical history and note she is taking vitamins and antihypertensive medication. Based on this profile, she would be considered as having how many risk factors?
1 explanation: because she is on hypertensive medication
which of the following fasting blood glucose levels are indicative of pre diabetes?
124 mg/dL explanation: pre diabetes is defined as fasting blood glucose that is between 100 and 126 mg/dL
Which of the following refers to oxygen consumption in relative terms? 5.3 METs 53 ml/kg/min
53 ml/kg/min explanation: oxygen consumption refers to the rate at which oxygen is consumed by the body. It can be expressed in absolute (L/min) or relative (ml/kg/min)
A Certified Exercise Physiologist may been immediately training which of the following clients?
A 42-year-old female client who has lumbar lordosis explanation: this client is not at any risk threshold for age or heart condition.
What joint movement occurs in the frontal plane? Adduction Flexion pronation
Adduction explanation: the frontal plane divides the body into anterior/posterior
Defining criteria for the hypertension risk factor for cardiovascular disease: BP 120/70 mm Hg or higher BP 140/90 mm Hg or higher
BP 140/90 mm Hg or higher explanation: hypertension is defined, for risk factor classification, as systolic BP at or above 140 mm Hg and/or diastolic BP at or above 90 mm Hg.
So that clients do not call at the last minute to let you know they will not be able to make a session, the Personal Trainer-Client Agreement must include clear language with respect to the: a) Scheduling. b) Payment policy. c) Refund policy. d) Cancellation policy.
Cancellation policy explanation: makes clear to the client the financial ramification of not making arrangements to reschedule an appointment per the agreement
Which of the following is a recommended procedure for administering a 1-RM strength test? Conduct a familiarization period of 3-4 practice sessions Rest about 8-10 minutes between attempts
Conduct a familiarization period of 3-4 practice sessions explanations: procedures for administering 1-RM include a familiarization period. A proper familiarization period (two weeks of RT including 3 to 4 practice sessions for each exercise) will likely achieve appropriate familiarization and reliability for 1-RM strength testing
The ulna bone is ______ to the humerus bone.
Distal explanation: refers to a point away from the midline of further from the point of origin
What acronym provides framework for exercise prescription in healthy individuals?
FITT
A medical exam AND a physician-supervised exercise test should be recommended before training a:
High-risk client wanting to perform moderate exercise
A low to high diagonal chop using a medicine ball takes place in what plane(s):
Multiple planes explanation: all three planes
What is a self-guided screening questionnaire that focuses on symptoms of heart disease and possible musculoskeletal problems needing evaluation before beginning an exercise program?
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire (PAR-Q+) explanation: less extensive self-guided questionnaire than the AHA/ACSM Health/Fitness Facility Pre-participation Screening Questionnaire
The gastrocnemius, soles, and planters are located in which leg area? deep posterior compartment posterior tibial compartment
Posterior tibial compartment explanation: these muscles that are responsible for ankle joint plantar flexion are located in the posterior tibial area
For an individual to induce adaptation and obtain further benefits of exercise, which of the following principles must be incorporated? FITT Progressive overload
Progressive overload explanation: to improve CRF, an individual must exercise at a level greater than accustomed to induce adaptation. The EP-C can implement the overload principle by manipulating the frequency, intensity, or time of the exercise prescription
Which of the following is a positive risk factor?
Regular exposure to tobacco smoke
What products make up the FICK equation? SV, HR, a-VO2 difference end diastolic vL, ejection fraction, and HR
SV, HR, a-VO2 difference explanation: The Fick equation demonstrates that VO2max is dictated by maximal cardiac output (SV max x HR max) and maximal arteriovenous oxygen difference
Individuals who are short in stature may not be good candidates for which type of testing?
Step tests explanation: a shorter individual with a shorter leg length will have a more difficult time performing step test when compared to a taller individual with longer leg length.
______ is the pressure exerted on the martial wall during the ventricular contraction phase. Diastolic BP Systolic BP
Systolic BP explanation: systole is the force that is produced by the LV as it pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
To increase accuracy of sub maximal graded exercise testing, the EP-C should: inquire if the client has warmed up to the current workload before progressing to the next stage achieve a steady state HR within 3-4 minutes at each workload
achieve a steady state HR within 3-4 minutes at each workload explanation: precise assessment of HR is a critical factor in determining VO2 max. To minimize the error of prediction, a steady state HR should be achieved within 3-4 minutes at each workload.
All of the following components make up total energy expenditure EXCEPT:
adiabatic transfer
all of the following components make up total energy expenditure EXCEPT: resting energy expenditure adiabatic transfer thermic effect of food physical activity expenditure
adiabatic transfer explanation: there are 3 components to determining TEE: resting energy expenditure (resting metabolic rate or basal metabolic rate) accounting for 60-70% TEE, thermic effect of food accounting for 10% TEE, and physical activity expenditure accounting for 20-30% TEE.
which of the following has the greatest effect on the reduction of BP? anaerobic exercise training aerobic exercise training
aerobic exercise training explanation: studies have shown that aerobic training results in the most favorable BP response
which of the following does NOT require an exercise test or a medically supervised test? an individual with renal disease wishing to participate in moderate-intensity exercise an individual with two risk factors wishing to participate in moderate-intensity exercise
an individual with two risk factors wishing to participate in moderate-intensity exercise explanation: A client who is asymptomatic and has less than two risk factors does not require a medical exam or exercise testing for participation in moderate exercise
Hormones that cause new protein production are referred to as _____, while those that influence protein breakdown are ______. catabolic; anabolic anabolic; catabolic
anabolic; catabolic explanation: body proteins are constantly changing as new proteins are mad and old ones are broken down. Catabolic hormone influence the breakdown of proteins, such as cortisone.
Which of the following is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic disease? gynoid obesity android obesity
android obesity explanation: central obesity (also referred to as abdominal or android obesity) is associated with a higher risk of cardiometabolic diseases
Prior to the first training session scheduled next week, you should provide specific session instructions on
appropriate exercise attire explanation: Not all clients will be familiar with what is involved in an exercise session. Provide specific instructions with respect to attire, nutrition and hydration preparation, avoiding exertion, and what can be expected.
to demonstrate outstanding customer service during your initial client contact, you should:
arrive to the appointment on time
which of the following is the correct transition of blood flow throughout the vasculature? arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veinules, veins arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veins, veinules
arteries, arterioles, capillaries, veinules, veins explanation: they can be thought of as a series of tubes that branch and become smaller in diameter as they move away from the heart
Which of the following is MOST important before the EP-C conducts sub maximal graded exercise testing? awareness of normal and abnormal responses to exercise calibration of assessment and exercise equipment
awareness of normal and abnormal responses to exercise explanation: submaximal graded exercise testing functions to determine baseline fitness. The EP-C must be aware of the normal and abnormal hemodynamic response to incremental exercise.
to lessen the chance of injury, the EP-C should:
be diligent in choosing exercise modes and prescribing exercises that are based on individual's current fitness level and desires explanation: to minimize musculoskeletal injury from the outset, the EP-C should be diligent in choosing exercise modes and prescribing exercises that are based on an individual's current fitness level and desires, along with any past exercise experiences
which of the following body composition methods passes electrical current through the body in order to assess the impedance to that current?
bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) explanation: BIA is rapid, noninvasive body composition assessment tool where a harmless electrical current is passed through the body and the impedance to that current is measured
Anatomical position of the human body is when the body is in which of the following positions? body is erect, feet shoulder width apart, upper limbs positioned at the side of the body, palms of the hands facing the body, thumbs facing away from the body, fingers extended body is erect, feet together, upper limbs positioned at the side of the body, palms of hands facing forward, thumbs facing away from the body, fingers extended
body is erect, feet together, upper limbs positioned at the side of the body, palms of hands facing forward, thumbs facing away from the body, fingers extended explanation: important point to reference in describing joint movement and position
which of the following is most commonly used to measure blood pressure? radial pulse brachial pulse
brachial pulse explanation: BP is assessed via brachial artery auscultation
Which of the following is not a standardized skin fold site?
buttocks/hips explanation: triceps, chest, and abdominal are all area where skin fold measurements can be taken. The buttocks/hips is a standard site for circumference measurements not skin fold measurements.
which of following is/are a resilient, semirigid form of connective tissue that reduces the friction and absorbs of the shock in synovial joints? ligaments cartilage
cartilage
a joint is the most stable when it is in which of the following positions?
closed pack explanation: there is both maximal congruency of the joint surfaces and maximal tautness of the joint capsule and ligaments.
To minimize any emergent event during exercise testing or training, the EP-C must: conduct appropriate screening on each client as a first step assess the client's exercise intensity threshold and maintain intensity below it
conduct appropriate screening on each client as a first step explanation: to reduce the likelihood of any adverse or unwanted events during a fitness assessments or PA program, it is prudent to conduct some form of screening on each client as a first step
For individuals younger than 30 years of age, the most common cause/s of sudden cardiac death is/are: head and cervical spine trauma congenital and hereditary abnormalities
congenital and hereditary abnormalities
Upon reviewing a client's health history questionnaire, you notice that it has not been filled out completely. She states that she cannot remember but will look up the information at home and get back to you asap. You should: consider any missing info as relating to a risk factor as positive perform the necessary assessments to complete the questionnaire
consider any missing info as relating to a risk factor as positive explanation: in general, when information regarding a specific risk factor is not available, the EP-C is encouraged to consider the missing risk factor as positive
the benefits of physical activity would outweigh the risk for which of the following? acute systemic function controlled type I diabetes
controlled type I diabetes
which of the following physiological variables is stable or slightly decreases during graded exercise? diastolic blood pressure a-VO2 difference
diastolic BP explanation: HR, pulmonary ventilation, a-VO2 difference, SV, cardiac output, SBP, and mean arterial BP increase during graded intensity exercise, while DBP remains stable or decreases slightly during aerobic-type exercise.
which of the following is considered a normal hemodynamic response to exercise? diastolic BP will remain the same or slight decrease total peripheral resistance will increase slightly
diastolic BP will remain the same or slight decrease explanation: during graded exercises, total peripheral resistance may drop slightly because of the large muscle vasodilation. As a result of this and the contrasting increase in cardiac output, DBP remains relatively stable, SBP, however, will increase linearly with exercise intensity
Which of the following is a sign or symptom suggestive of CV disease? discomfort in the neck and jaw after carrying a heavy suitcase for several minutes shortness of breath after climbing several flights of stairs
discomfort in the neck and jaw after carrying a heavy suitcase for several minutes explanation: Carrying heavy loads such as suitcase may provoke ischemia and result in discomfort in various areas of the upper extremities.
which of the following is a sign or symptom suggestive of CV disease? discomfort in the neck and jaw after carrying a heavy suitcase for several minutes dizziness after quickly moving from lying to standing position
discomfort in the neck and jaw after carrying a heavy suitcase for several minutes explanation: can provoke ischemia and result in discomfort in various areas of the upper extremities
which of the following actions takes place in sagittal plane? dorsiflexion adduction internal rotation
dorsiflexion
What movement occurs in the frontal plane? supination at the wrist elevation of the scapula
elevation of the scapula explanation: with the exception of tilt, all other movements of the scapula occur in the frontal plane. Note that elbow flexion and hip flexion occur in the sagittal plane and supination occurs in the transverse plane
What type of exercise training increases functional capacity and may relieve symptoms of coronary artery disease?
endurance exercise training explanation: endurance exercise training typically increases myocardial oxygen supply, lowers the demand for oxygen, or both.
which of the following commonly refers to the physiologic state where exercise has stopped but VO2 levels remain elevated? excess postexercise oxygen consumption cool-down
excess postexercise oxygen consumption
Which of the following guidelines are indicated for pregnant women who have been medically cleared for exercise? exercise at moderate intensity for at least 150 minutes weekly walk daily using a rate of perceived exertion of "fairly light
exercise at moderate intensity for at least 150 minutes weekly explanation: If exercise is not contraindicated, pregnant women can follow the ACSM and Surgeon General's recommendations to accumulate a minimum of 150 minutes of moderate-intensity exercise weekly
what is the primary disadvantage for assessing VO2max?
expensive equipment and technical expertise is required explanation: to maximize accuracy, it requires expensive equipment, technical expertise, and maximal-intensity exercise performance by the client. These requirements limit testing to primarily clinical laboratory and research settings
Movement resulting in an increase of the joint angle, usually moving posteriorly in the sagittal plane is called ______
extension explanation: extension occurs in sagittal plane but can also occur in other planes, provided that the joint angle is increasing
which of the following is an example of an enarthrodial joint? acromioclavicular glenohumeral
glenohumeral
Which of the following joints favors mobility over stability?
glenohumeral explanation: the shoulder has a high degree of mobility; as a result the region is unstable
which of the following movements occur in the transverse plane of motion?
glenohumeral rotation explanation: about the longitudinal or vertical axis
which is an appropriate food source for vitamin K? milk, liver, eggs, and peanuts green leafy vegetables
green leafy vegetables
A preactivity screen is used to assess a client's:
health and medical history
which of the following is WITHIN the scope of practice for certified exercise physiologists? educating clients about resting metabolic rate (RMR) and providing an RMR-specific meal plan to lose weight helping clients gain a better understanding of portion sizes for healthful foods so they can make better choices
helping clients gain a better understanding of portion sizes for healthful foods so they can make better choices explanation: do not develop or provide meal and diet place because that is for a registered dietitian but can provide basic nutritional education
The Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire-Plus is more effective in identifying: high risk no risk little risk
high risk explanation: PAR-Q is effective for identifying clients at high risk, but not reliable in identifying those at little to no risk
which of the following is a negative risk factor? women > 45 years high-density lipoprotein 60 mg dL
high-density lipoprotein 60 mg dL explanation: HDL-C greater than or equal to 60 mg/dL is one negative risk factor used in the ACSM Risk Classification. If the client meets this one criterion, then subtract one from the total sum of the positive risk factors. HDL-C participates in reverse cholesterol transport and may thus lower the risk of CVD.
What joint action of the shoulder is performed during a reverse cable fly or reverse dumbbell fly?
horizontal abduction explanation: a reverse cable fly and reverse dumbbell fly begins with the hands together at the shoulder level. The arms perform horizontal abduction by moving the arms back in the transverse plane
movement toward the midline in the transverse plane describes which directional term?
horizontal abduction explanation: used to describe horizontal humerus movement when the shoulder is flexed at 90 degrees
which evaluation form does a client sign to acknowledge that she has been educated about and understands the risks associated with being active?
informed consent explanation: an assumption of risk, also known as informed consent, is a document that explains the risks of participation in PA and indicates that the participant acknowledges the inherent risks involved.
which of the following is a common risk factor that is associated with exercise? injuries at the lumbar spine injuries at the knee or foot
injuries at the knee or foot
Before fitness testing and training, initial client assessment should include health issues, exercise history, and:
intended time frame for achieving desired goals explanation: certified exercise physiologists should carefully evaluate prior resistance exercise experience and discuss training goals and intended time Fram for completion
which of the following should be avoided in hypertensive clients? isometric muscle contractions isokinetic muscle contractions
isometric muscle contractions explanation: should primarily engage in aerobic endurance activities.
which of the following should be avoided in hypertensive clients? isokentic muscle contractions isometric muscle contractions
isometric muscle contractions explanation: clients with hypertension should primarily engage in aerobic endurance activities. They should avoid activities that emphasize isometric muscle actions as these may result in hypertensive responses.
the primary advantage in conducting a step test to assess cardiorespiratory fitness is that: it is relatively easy to palpate the radial artery and count the post exercise heart rate it allows for assessment of a large group
it allows for assessment of a large group explanation: step tests are a widely utilized form of CRF assessment because of the practicality of this technique. They are short in duration, require little equipment that is easily portable, and allow for assessment of large groups.
which of the following is MOST accurate regarding submaximal exercise testing?
it is generally considered safe for most individuals explanation: while submaximal exercise testing is generally considered safe for most, maximal- or vigorous- intensity exercise testing does pose some risk
ischemia is caused by
lack of oxygen explanation: occurs because oxygen supply cannot meet the oxygen demand for rest or activity. This is usually caused by atherosclerosis, and pain is a commonly reported symptom
Scoliosis is defined as?
lateral deviation of the spine explanation: spine deviates laterally from the midline
Which of the following muscles is superior to the latissimus dorsi? lower trapezius levator scapulae
levator scapulae explanation: superior is a basic descriptive term to describe the position of a body part that is above another body part or refers to an upper surface of an organ or structure. Levator scapulae is located above the latissimus dorsi
Syncope is defined as:
loss of consciousness explanation: caused by reduced perfusion of blood flow to the brain
An individual has two positive risk factors and one negative risk factor. Based on ACSM risk stratification and this profile, this person is considered to be: moderate risk low risk high risk
low risk explanation: Two positive risk factors and one negative risk factor makes for a total of one positive risk factor. Having one or no risk factors indicates a low risk of future CV disease
what is a potential outcome of maintaining a professional presence and disposition when training clients?
maintaining a professional presence may also help generate clients, as this is also a form of advertising explanation: being approachable by clients and other staff may lead to more interest as it relates to training inquiries
If a client must see a physician prior to starting a moderate-intensity exercise program, which of the following should be completed by both the client and physician?
medical clearance form explanation: this form will provide guidelines and restrictions that should be taken into account during exercise testing and design
One of the key health concerns of having a high stress level, which exercise can positively impact, is:
negative blood lipid levels explanation: high stress is associated with numerous health risks, including adverse shifts in blood lipid levels. Exercise and PA have potentially positive effects on stress, including reduction of depression, hostility, and overall stress level
when assessing body composition using skin folds, the skin fold sites must be: on the right side on the left side
on the right side explanation: the clients skin should be dry and lotion free. Do not take skin fold measurements immediately after exercise.
VO2 is lower than required to create adequate energy during exercise via the oxidative energy systems. This is known as: oxygen debt oxygen deficit
oxygen deficit explanation: prior to steady state, VO2, is lower than required to create adequate energy for the given task via the oxidative energy systems. This period of inadequate oxygen consumption has been termed the oxygen deficit
Your client is 30-year-old male who has not been active in the last few months. He has completed all the forms, and you observe that he does not have any risk factors. He reports that he experienced some shortness of breath while playing a pickup basketball game this weekend, something he hasn't done in a year. You should: ask him to obtain medical clearance before you begin training perform the appropriate assessments and plan on an exercise program that gradually increases in intensity.
perform the appropriate assessments and plan on an exercise program that gradually increases in intensity. explanation: the individual has no risk factors and most likely experienced shortness of breath from not playing basketball in a while. Thus, a moderate-intensity exercise program is appropriate
Which of the following BEST describes the mechanism for the cause of sudden cardiac death? plaque buildup that dislodges from an artery and causes a blood clot an erratic atrial rhythm during diastole
plaque buildup that dislodges from an artery and causes a blood clot explanation: though the exact mechanism of sudden cardiac death or MI remain elusive, there appears to be an acute arterial insult that dislodges already present plaque, resulting in platelet aggregation or thrombosis.
which of the following assessments are MOST important for gathering information for designing a resistance training program? posture, functional movement, muscular strength, and endurance cardiorespiratory fitness using the sub maximal talk test to determine HR at VT1
posture, functional movement, muscular strength, and endurance explanation: many people have muscular imbalances of the body, which may create postural alignment issues and injury. Thus, posture, functional movement, muscular strength, and endurance are critical assessments to identify indications for strengthening, stretching, and proper movement.
what is a rationale for initial screening?
provide baseline data as a motivational tool for progress explanation: one reason to conduct an initial screening for clients interested in PA is to provide benchmark data as an effective motivational tool for client goal setting
the thumb is classified as a _____ joint
saddle explanation: saddle or sellar joint
The function of the right ventricle is to:
pump deoxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygen loading and carbon dioxide unloading
When oxygen is not available in the mitochondria of the cell, _____ is converted to _____. pyruvate, lactic acid glucose, pyruvate
pyruvate, lactic acid explanation: in the absence of adequate oxygen supply, pyruvate is converted to lactic acid, which gradually builds up in muscle cells and the blood
During the concentric phase of extension at the knee joint, the _____ work as an agonist and the _____ work as the antagonist. quadriceps, hamstrings hamstrings, quadriceps
quadriceps, hamstrings explanation: the quadriceps function as an agonist to extend the knee joint, the hamstrings function as an antagonist since it functions to flex the knee joint
The risk factor for smoking no longer applies for which of the following?
quit smoking for 9 months explanation: the risk threshold for a current cigarette smoker is having quit smoking in the past 6 months or regular exposure to secondhand smoke
when performing pulse palpation during and after exercise, the BEST location to utilize is the:
radial pulse explanation: superior choice to the carotid artery because of the possibility of activating the carotid baroreceptors and inducing a reduction in HR, SV, TPR, and MAP.
If difficulties are encountered in calculating a percentage VO2max for prescribing exercise intensity in cases of cardiac disease, the EP-C should instead consider:
rating of perceived exertion explanation: exercise intensity is measured as a % of VO2max, VO2 reserve, or HR reserve (HRR); this may be difficult to calculate in many cases of cardiac disease
which of the following is recommended by the national heart, lung, and blood institute to improve overall health? lower BMI to less than 30 reduce weight by at least 5%
reduce weight by at least 5% explanation: recommends that a 5% to 10% weight reduction results in improved overall health
Where does blood flow immediately after passing through the tricuspid valve?
right ventricle explanation: the tricuspid valve is also known as the right A-V valve which controls blood from the right atrium to the right ventricle
Running is done predominately in what plane of movement? sagittal frontal transverse
sagittal explanation: any movement that is parallel to the sagittal plane, such as running (flexion/extension of the hip and knee, and plantar flexion/dorsiflexion of the ankle joint) occurs in the sagittal plane
The right and left atria act to provide support to their respective ventricles by:
serving as a reservoir of blood that eventually moves into the ventricles
In a sit-to-stand movement, where is the center of gravity?
shifted over the base of support explanation: the initial phase involves the trunk lean and horizontal weight shift to position the center of gravity over the new base of support (feet), placing the lower extremity in a mechanically advantageous position to stand via hip extension, knee extension, and ankle plantarflexion
Which of the following is a symptom suggestive of pulmonary disease? general feeling of fatigue after walking the dog shortness of breath after quickly crossing the street in a residential area
shortness of breath after quickly crossing the street in a residential area
_________ describes a VO2 plateau that occurs during sub maximal exercise where energy production is equal to energy requirements
steady state explanation: steady state is the point at which VO2 plateaus during sub maximal aerobic exercise, and energy production via the aerobic energy systems is equal to the energy required to perform the set intensity of work.
individuals who are short in stature may not be good candidates for which type of testing? step tests ventilatory threshold test
step tests explanation: A shorter individual with shorter leg length will have a more difficult time performing a step test when compared to a taller individual with longer leg length
which of the following is MOST accurate regarding exercise testing and pregnant women? submaximal exercise testing is more appropriate, however rarely indicated cycle ergometer tests should be avoided as they may negatively affect venous return
submaximal exercise testing is more appropriate, however rarely indicated
The functions of the CV and respiratory systems are to:
supply oxygen and remove waste products from the body explanation: the CV and respiratory systems work in synchrony to provide oxygen and remove waste from the body
What skin fold site utilizes a DIAGONAL fold when assessing body composition via skin fold calipers?
supraliac explanation: utilizes a diagonal fold in line with the natural angle of the iliac crest taken in the anterior axillary line immediately superior to the iliac crest
What are the 4 rotator cuff muscles?
supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis
An immediate referral to a physician is indicated with a client exhibits signs or symptoms of which of the following?
syncope during mild exertion explanation: there are several outward signs and symptoms that may indicate a client has current CPM disease. She is considered high risk regardless of the # of CPM disease risk factors present, and the client should be immediately referred to a physician before proceeding any further with exercise testing or programming
_________ is the pressure exerted on the arterial wall during the ventricular contraction phase
systolic BP explanation: systole is the force that is produced by the left ventricle as it pumps oxygenated blood to the rest of the body
the most immediate source of ATP is
the creatine phosphate system
which of the following activities requires the CP system to be utilized?
the long jump explanation: the CP system can provide ATP to fuel work only during short, intense bouts of exercise, owing to the limited storage capacity of CP within each cell
Pronation of the radioulnar joint occurs in which plane(s):
the transverse plane explanation: any rotational movement will occur in the transverse plane
which of the following changes takes place in the arteriovenous oxygen difference in response to exercise? oxygen in venous blood increases by 5 ml dL there is an increase in a-VO2 difference with increasing exercise intensity
there is an increase in a-VO2 difference with increasing exercise intensity explanation: during exercise, venous oxygen content decreases as a result of the increased consumption of oxygen by the working muscles, thus resulting in an increase in a-VO2 difference with increasing exercise intensity
which of the following changes takes place in arteriovenous oxygen difference in response to exercise?
there is an increase in a-VO2 difference with increasing exercise intensity explanation: during exercise, venous oxygen content decreases as result of the increases consumption of oxygen by the working muscles, thus resulting in an increase in a-VO2 difference with increasing exercise intensity
the most common dietary fats are:
triglycerides explanation: most common form of dietary fats and oils; short-chain fatty acids are uncommon, and polyunsaturated fats lower blood cholesterol.
To build a successful client relationship, you should: use a client-centered approach demonstrate your knowledge and professionalism frequently
use a client-centered approach explanation: client's needs and goals first and increases the likelihood of affecting behavior change
which of the following profiles is considered a risk factor with respect to obesity? waist of 32 in for females waist of 40 in for males
waist of 40 in for males explanation: obesity is defined by body mass index greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2, or waist circumference greater than 102 cm or 40 inches in men and greater than 88 cm or 35 inches in women
which of the following is the MOST powerful method of marketing to potential clients? word of mouth complimentary consultations
word of mouth explanations: the most cost-effective method of marketing continues to be word of mouth