G&D, safety & nutrition by age

The nurse is preparing a staff education program about growth and development of an 18-month-old toddler. Which characteristics should the nurse include in the staff education program? (Select all that apply.) a. Eats well with a spoon and cup b. Runs clumsily and can walk up stairs c. Points to common objects d. Builds a tower of three or four blocks e. Has a vocabulary of 300 words f. Dresses self in simple clothes

A, B, C, D a. Eats well with a spoon and cup b. Runs clumsily and can walk up stairs c. Points to common objects d. Builds a tower of three or four blocks

What growth and development milestones are expected between the ages of 8 and 9 years? (Select all that apply.) a. Can help with routine household tasks b. Likes the reward system for accomplished tasks c. Uses the telephone for practical purposes d. Chooses friends more selectively e. Goes about home and community freely, alone or with friends f. Enjoys family time and is respectful of parents

A, B, E a. Can help with routine household tasks b. Likes the reward system for accomplished tasks e. Goes about home and community freely, alone or with friends

Parents are worried that their preschool-aged child is showing hyperaggressive behavior. What are signs of hyperaggresive behavior? (Select all that apply.) a. Disrespect b. Noncompliance c. Infrequent impulsivity d. Occasional temper tantrums e. Unprovoked physical attacks on other children

A, B, E a. Disrespect b. Noncompliance e. Unprovoked physical attacks on other children

The nurse is evaluating a 7-month-old infant's cognitive development. Which behaviors should the nurse anticipate evaluating? (Select all that apply.) a. Imitates sounds b. Shows interest in a mirror image c. Comprehends simple commands d. Actively searches for a hidden object e. Attracts attention by methods other than crying

A, B, E a. Imitates sounds b. Shows interest in a mirror image e. Attracts attention by methods other than crying

The nurse is teaching parents of a 4-year-old child about socialization developmental milestones. What milestones should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Very independent b. Has mood swings c. Has better manners d. Eager to do things right e. Tends to be selfish and impatient

A, B, E a. Very independent b. Has mood swings e. Tends to be selfish and impatient

The nurse is teaching parents of a 3-year-old child about language developmental milestones. What milestones should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Asks many questions b. Names one or more colors c. Repeats sentence of six syllables d. Uses primarily "telegraphic" speech e. Has a vocabulary of 1500 words or more

A, C, D a. Asks many questions c. Repeats sentence of six syllables d. Uses primarily "telegraphic" speech

The nurse is teaching parents of a toddler how to handle temper tantrums. What should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Provide realistic expectations. b. Avoid using rewards for good behavior. c. Ensure consistency among all caregivers in expectations. d. During tantrums, ignore the behavior and continue to be present. e. Use time-outs for managing temper tantrums, starting at 12 months.

A, C, D a. Provide realistic expectations c. Ensure consistency among all caregivers in expectations. d. During tantrums, ignore the behavior and continue to be present.

The nurse is teaching parents of a 3-year-old child about gross motor developmental milestones. What milestones should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Rides a tricycle b. Catches a ball reliably c. Jumps off the bottom step d. Stands on one foot for a few seconds e. Walks downstairs using alternate footing

A, C, D a. Rides a tricycle c. Jumps off the bottom step d. Stands on one foot for a few seconds

The nurse is providing anticipatory guidance to the parents of a 1-month-old infant on preventing a suffocation injury. Which should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. Do not place pillows in the infant's crib. b. Crib slats should be 4 inches or less apart. c. Keep all plastic bags stored out of the infant's reach. d. Plastic over the mattress is acceptable if it is covered with a sheet. e. A pacifier should not be tied on a string around the infant's neck.

A, C, E a. Do not place pillows in the infant's crib. c. Keep all plastic bags stored out of the infant's reach. e. A pacifier should not be tied on a string around the infant's neck.

A parent tells the nurse, "My toddler tries to undo the car seat harness and climb out of the seat." What strategies should the nurse recommend to the parent to encourage the child to stay in the seat? (Select all that apply.) a. Allow your child to hold a favorite toy. b. Allow your child out of the seat occasionally. c. Avoid using rewards to encourage cooperative behavior. d. When child tries to unbuckle the seat harness, firmly say, "No." e. It may be necessary to stop the car to reinforce the expected behavior.

A, D, E a. Allow your child to hold a favorite toy. d. When child tries to unbuckle the seat harness, firmly say, "No." e. It may be necessary to stop the car to reinforce the expected behavior.

A toddler is in the sensorimotor, tertiary circular reactions stage of cognitive development. What behavior should the nurse expect to assess? (Select all that apply.) a. Refers to self by pronoun b. Gestures "up" and "down" c. Able to insert round object into a hole d. Can find hidden objects but only in the first location e. Uses future-oriented words, such as "tomorrow"

B, C, D b. Gestures "up" and "down" c. Able to insert round object into a hole d. Can find hidden objects but only in the first location

The nurse is teaching a group of parents at a community education program about introducing solid foods to their infants. Which recommendations should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.) a. Spoon feeding should be introduced after an entire milk feeding. b. It is best to introduce a wide variety of foods during the first year. c. As solid food consumption increases, the quantity of milk should decrease. d. Introduction of low-calorie milk and food should be done by the end of the first year. e. Introduction of citrus fruits, meats, and eggs should be delayed until after 6 months of age. f. Each new food item should be introduced at 5- to 7-day intervals.

B, C, E, F b. It is best to introduce a wide variety of foods during the first year. c. As solid food consumption increases, the quantity of milk should decrease. e. Introduction of citrus fruits, meats, and eggs should be delayed until after 6 months of age. f. Each new food item should be introduced at 5- to 7-day intervals.

What developmental achievements are demonstrated by a 4-year-old child? (Select all that apply.) a. Cares for self totally b. Throws a ball overhead c. Has a vocabulary of 1500 words d. Can skip and hop on alternate feet e. Tends to be selfish and impatient f. Commonly has an imaginary playmate

B, C, E, F b. Throws a ball overhead c. Has a vocabulary of 1500 words e. Tends to be selfish and impatient f. Commonly has an imaginary playmate

The nurse is teaching parents of a 4-year-old child about fine motor developmental milestones. What milestones should the nurse include in the teaching session? (Select all that apply.) a. Can lace shoes b. Uses scissors successfully c. Builds a tower of nine or 10 cubes d. Builds a bridge with three cubes e. Adeptly places small pellets in a narrow-necked bottle

C, D, E c. Builds a tower of nine or 10 cubes d. Builds a bridge with three cubes e. Adeptly places small pellets in a narrow-necked bottle

What child behavior indicates to the nurse that temper tantrums have become a problem? (Select all that apply.) a. The child is 2 to 3 years old b. Tantrums occur at bedtime c. Tantrums occur past 5 years of age d. Tantrums last longer than 15 minutes e. Tantrums occur more than five times a day

C, D, E c. Tantrums occur past 5 years of age d. Tantrums last longer than 15 minutes e. Tantrums occur more than five times a day

The nurse is teaching a parent of an 18-month-old about developmental milestones associated with feeding. What should the nurse include in the teaching? (Select all that apply.) a. The child will begin to use a fork. b. The child will be able use a straw and cup. c. The child will be able to hold a cup with both hands. d. The child will be able to drink from a cup with a lid. e. The child will begin to use a spoon but may turn it before reaching the mouth.

C, D, E c. The child will be able to hold a cup with both hands. d. The child will be able to drink from a cup with a lid. e. The child will begin to use a spoon but may turn it before reaching the mouth.

The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends that children younger than the age of 16 years be prohibited from participating in what? a. Skateboarding b. Snowmobiling c. Trampoline use d. Horseback riding

b. Snowmobiling

When teaching injury prevention during the school-age years, what should the nurse include? a. Teach children about the need to fear strangers. b. Teach basic rules of water safety. c. Avoid letting children cook in microwave ovens. d. Caution children against engaging in competitive sports.

b. Teach basic rules of water safety.

In terms of cognitive development, a 5-year-old child should be expected to do which? a. Think abstractly. b. Use magical thinking. c. Understand conservation of matter. d. Understand another person's perspective.

b. Use magical thinking.

The nurse is providing guidance strategies to a group of parents with toddlers at a community outreach program. Which statement by a parent indicates a correct understanding of the teaching? a. "I should expect my 24-month-old child to express some signs of readiness for toilet training." b. "I should be firm and structured when disciplining my 18-month-old child." c. "I should expect my 12-month-old child to start to develop a fear of darkness and to need a security blanket." d. "I should expect my 36-month-old child to understand time and proximity of events."

a. "I should expect my 24-month-old child to express some signs of readiness for toilet training."

An infant, age 5 months, is brought to the clinic by his parents for a well-baby checkup. What is the best advice that the nurse should include at this time about injury prevention? a. "Keep buttons, beads, and other small objects out of his reach." b. "Do not permit him to chew paint from window ledges because he might absorb too much lead." c. "When he learns to roll over, you must supervise him whenever he is on a surface from which he might fall." d. "Lock the crib sides securely because he may stand and lean against them and fall out of bed."

a. "Keep buttons, beads, and other small objects out of his reach."

The nurse is teaching parents about instilling a positive body image for the preschool age. What statement made by the parents indicates the teaching is understood? a. "We will make sure our child is praised about his or her looks." b. "We will help our child compare his or her size with other children." c. "We understand our child will have well-defined body boundaries." d. "We will be sure our child understands about being little for his or her age."

a. "We will make sure our child is praised about his or her looks."

What is an important consideration in preventing injuries during middle childhood? a. Achieving social acceptance is a primary objective. b. The incidence of injuries in girls is significantly higher than it is in boys. c. Injuries from burns are the highest at this age because of fascination with fire. d. Lack of muscular coordination and control results in an increased incidence of injuries.

a. Achieving social acceptance is a primary objective School-age children often participate in dangerous activities in an attempt to prove themselves worthy of acceptance. The incidence of injury during middle childhood is significantly higher in boys compared with girls. Motor vehicle collisions are the most common cause of severe injuries in children. Children have increasing muscular coordination. Children who are risk takers may have inadequate self-regulatory behavior.

The nurse is discussing with a parent group the importance of fluoride for healthy teeth. What should the nurse recommend? a. Determine whether the water supply is fluoridated. b. Use fluoridated mouth rinses in children older than 1 year. c. Give fluoride supplements to infants beginning at age 2 months. d. Brush teeth with fluoridated toothpaste unless the fluoride content of water supply is adequate.

a. Determine whether the water supply is fluoridated.

Parents tell the nurse that their toddler eats little at mealtime, only sits at the table with the family briefly, and wants snacks "all the time." What should the nurse recommend? a. Give her nutritious snacks. b. Offer rewards for eating at mealtimes. c. Avoid snacks so she is hungry at mealtimes. d. Explain to her in a firm manner what is expected of her.

a. Give her nutritious snacks. Most toddlers exhibit a physiologic anorexia in response to the decreased nutritional requirements associated with the slower growth rate. Parents should assist the child in developing healthy eating habits. Toddlers are often unable to sit through a meal. Frequent nutritious snacks are a good way to ensure proper nutrition.

What information should be given to the parents of a 12-month-old child regarding appropriate play activities for this age? a. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. b. Place a cradle gym across the crib to help develop fine motor skills. c. Provide the child with finger paints to enhance fine motor skills. d. Provide a stick horse to develop gross motor coordination.

a. Give large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation. A 12-month-old child is able to pull to a stand and walk holding on or independently. Appropriate toys for this age child include large push-pull toys for kinetic stimulation

According to Erikson, the psychosocial task of adolescence is developing what? a. Identity b. Intimacy c. Initiative d. Independence

a. Identity

The parents of a 2-year-old child tell the nurse they are concerned because the toddler has started to use "baby talk" since the arrival of their new baby. What should the nurse recommend? a. Ignore the baby talk. b. Tell the toddler frequently, "You are a big kid now." c. Explain to the toddler that baby talk is for babies. d. Encourage the toddler to practice more advanced patterns of speech.

a. Ignore the baby talk Baby talk is a sign of regression in the toddler. Often toddlers attempt to cope with a stressful situation by reverting to patterns of behavior that were successful in earlier stages of development. It should be ignored while the parents praise the child for developmentally appropriate behaviors

What is the leading cause of death during the toddler period? a. Injuries b. Infectious diseases c. Childhood diseases d. Congenital disorders

a. Injuries

A boy age 4 1/2 years has been having increasingly frequent angry outbursts in preschool. He is aggressive toward the other children and the teachers. This behavior has been a problem for approximately 8 to 10 weeks. His parent asks the nurse for advice. What is the most appropriate intervention? a. Refer the child for a professional psychosocial assessment. b. Explain that this is normal in preschoolers, especially boys. c. Encourage the parent to try more consistent and firm discipline. d. Talk to the preschool teacher to obtain validation for behavior parent reports.

a. Refer the child for a professional psychosocial assessment. The preschool years are a time when children learn socially acceptable behavior. The difference between normal and problematic behavior is not the behavior but the severity, frequency, and duration. This child's behavior meets the definition requiring professional evaluation. Some aggressive behavior is within normal limits, but at 8 to 10 weeks, this behavior has persisted too long. There is no indication that the parent is using inconsistent discipline.

A 9-year-old girl often comes to the school nurse complaining of stomach pains. Her teacher says she is completing her school work satisfactorily but lately has been somewhat aggressive and stubborn in the classroom. The school nurse should recognize this as which? a. Signs of stress b. Developmental delay c. Lack of adjustment to school environment d. Physical problem that needs medical intervention

a. Signs of stress

What is descriptive of the nutritional requirements of preschool children? a. The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity. b. The average daily intake of preschoolers should be about 3000 calories. c. Nutritional requirements for preschoolers are very different from requirements for toddlers. d. Requirements for calories per unit of body weight increase slightly during the preschool period.

a. The quality of the food consumed is more important than the quantity. Children are able to self-regulate their intake when offered foods high in nutritional value. The average daily caloric intake should be approximately 1800 calories. Toddlers and preschoolers have similar nutritional requirements. There is an overall slight decrease in needed calories and fluids during the preschool period.

Parents of an 18-month-old boy tells the nurse that he says "no" to everything and has rapid mood swings. If he is scolded, he shows anger and then immediately wants to be held. What is the nurse's best interpretation of this behavior? a. This is normal behavior for his age. b. This is unusual behavior for his age. c. He is not effectively coping with stress. d. He is showing he needs more attention.

a. This is normal behavior for his age.

According to Piaget, magical thinking is the belief of which? a. Thoughts are all powerful. b. God is an imaginary friend. c. Events have cause and effect. d. If the skin is broken, the insides will come out.

a. Thoughts are all powerful.

The parents of a 2-month-old boy are concerned about spoiling their son by picking him up when he cries. What is the nurse's best response? a. "Allow him to cry for no longer than 15 minutes and then pick him up." b. "Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him." c. "Babies this young cry when they are hungry. Try feeding him when he cries." d. "If he isn't soiled or wet, leave him, and he'll cry himself to sleep."

b. "Babies need comforting and cuddling. Meeting these needs will not spoil him." Parents need to learn that a "spoiled child" is a response to inconsistent discipline and limit setting. It is important to meet the infant's developmental needs, including comforting and cuddling. The data suggest that responding to a child's crying can actually decrease the overall crying time. Allowing him to cry for no longer than 15 minutes and then picking him up will reinforce prolonged crying. Infants at this age have other needs besides feeding. The parents should be taught to identify their infant's cues. Counseling parents on letting the baby cry himself to sleep when not soiled or wet refers to sleep issues, not general infant behavior

The nurse is discussing development and play activities with the parent of a 2-month-old boy. Which statement by the parent would indicate a correct understanding of the teaching? a. "I can give my baby a ball of yarn to pull apart or different textured fabrics to feel." b. "I can use a music box and soft mobiles as appropriate play activities for my baby." c. "I should introduce a cup and spoon or push-pull toys for my baby at this age." d. "I do not have to worry about appropriate play activities at this age."

b. "I can use a music box and soft mobiles as appropriate play activities for my baby." A ball of yarn to pull apart or different textured fabrics are appropriate for an infant at 6 to 9 months. A cup and spoon or push-pull toys are appropriate for an older infant.

The nurse is caring for a hospitalized 4-year-old boy. His parents tell the nurse they will be back to visit at 6 PM. When he asks the nurse when his parents are coming, what would the nurse's best response be? a. "They will be here soon." b. "They will come after dinner." c. "Let me show you on the clock when 6 PM is." d. "I will tell you every time I see you how much longer it will be."

b. "They will come after dinner."

A male school-age student asks the school nurse, "How much with my height increase in a year?" The nurse should give which response? a. "Your height will increase on average 1 inch a year." b. "Your height will increase on average 2 inches a year." c. "Your height will increase on average 3 inches a year." d. "Your height will increase on average 4 inches a year."

b. "Your height will increase on average 2 inches a year."

The nurse understands that which guideline should be followed to determine serving sizes for toddlers? a. 1/2 tbsp of solid food per year of age b. 1 tbsp of solid food per year of age c. 2 tbsp of solid food per year of age d. 2 1/2 tbsp of solid food per year of age

b. 1 tbsp of solid food per year of age

At which age should the nurse expect an infant to begin smiling in response to pleasurable stimuli? a. 1 month b. 2 months c. 3 months d. 4 months

b. 2 months

The nurse is explaining average weight gain during the preschool years to a group of parents. Which average weight gain should the nurse suggest to the parents? a. 1 to 2 kg b. 2 to 3 kg c. 3 to 4 kg d. 4 to 5 kg

b. 2 to 3 kg

What aspects of cognition develop during adolescence? a. Ability to see things from the point of view of another b. Capability of using a future time perspective c. Capability of placing things in a sensible and logical order d. Progress from making judgments based on what they see to making judgments based on what they reason

b. Capability of using a future time perspective

What is descriptive of the social development of school-age children? a. Identification with peers is minimum. b. Children frequently have "best friends." c. Boys and girls play equally with each other. d. Peer approval is not yet an influence for the child to conform.

b. Children frequently have "best friends."

A 4-year-old boy is hospitalized with a serious bacterial infection. He tells the nurse that he is sick because he was "bad." What is the nurse's best interpretation of this comment? a. Sign of stress b. Common at this age c. Suggestive of maladaptation d. Suggestive of excessive discipline at home

b. Common at this age

In terms of fine motor development, what should the 3-year-old child be expected to do? a. Tie shoelaces. b. Copy (draw) a circle. c. Use scissors or a pencil very well. d. Draw a person with seven to nine parts.

b. Copy (draw) a circle. The ability to tie shoelaces, to use scissors or a pencil very well, and to draw a person with seven to nine parts are fine motor skills of 5-year-old children.

The school nurse is providing guidance to families of children who are entering elementary school. What is essential information to include? a. Meet with teachers only at scheduled conferences. b. Encourage growth of a sense of responsibility in children. c. Provide tutoring for children to ensure mastery of material. d. Homework should be done as soon as child comes home from school.

b. Encourage growth of a sense of responsibility in children.

The clinic nurse is teaching parents about physiologic anemia that occurs in infants. What statement should the nurse include about the cause of physiologic anemia? a. Maternally derived iron stores are depleted in the first 2 months. b. Fetal hemoglobin results in a shortened survival of red blood cells. c. The production of adult hemoglobin decreases in the first year of life. d. Low levels of fetal hemoglobin depress the production of erythropoietin.

b. Fetal hemoglobin results in a shortened survival of red blood cells. Fetal hemoglobin results in a shortened survival of red blood cells (RBCs) and thus a decreased number of RBCs. Maternally derived iron stores are present for the first 5 to 6 months results in a shortened survival of RBCs and thus a decreased number of RBCs. High levels of fetal hemoglobin depress the production of erythropoietin, a hormone released by the kidney that stimulates RBC production.

What is an important consideration for the school nurse who is planning a class on bicycle safety? a. Most bicycle injuries involve collision with an automobile. b. Head injuries are the major causes of bicycle-related fatalities. c. Children should wear a bicycle helmet if they ride on paved streets. d. Children should not ride double unless the bicycle has an extra large seat.

b. Head injuries are the major causes of bicycle-related fatalities

The parent of a 4-year-old boy tells the nurse that the child believes "monsters and bogeymen" are in his bedroom at night. What is the nurse's best suggestion for coping with this problem? a. Let the child sleep with his parents. b. Keep a night light on in the child's bedroom. c. Help the child understand that these fears are illogical. d. Tell the child that monsters and bogeymen do not exist.

b. Keep a night light on in the child's bedroom. Involve the child in problem solving. A night light shows a child that imaginary creatures do not lurk in the darkness. Letting the child sleep with his parents will not get rid of the fears. A 4-year-old child is in the preconceptual stage and cannot understand logical thought.

Parents tell the nurse they found their 3-year-old daughter and a male cousin of the same age inspecting each other closely as they used the bathroom. What is the most appropriate recommendation for the nurse to make? a. Punish the children so this behavior stops. b. Neither condone nor condemn the curiosity. c. Get counseling for this unusual and dangerous behavior. d. Allow the children unrestricted permission to satisfy this curiosity.

b. Neither condone nor condemn the curiosity.

Which statement is correct about toilet training? a. Bladder training is usually accomplished before bowel training. b. Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet. c. Watching older siblings use the toilet confuses the child. d. Children must be forced to sit on the toilet when first learning.

b. Wanting to please the parent helps motivate the child to use the toilet. The child must want to please the parent by holding on rather than pleasing him- or herself by letting go. Bowel training precedes bladder training. Watching older siblings provides role modeling and facilitates imitation for the toddler. The child should be introduced to the potty chair or toilet in a nonthreatening manner.

The nurse is teaching a class on nutrition to a group of parents of 10- and 11-year-old children. What statement by one of the parents indicates a correct understanding of the teaching? a. "My child does not need to eat a variety of foods, just his favorite food groups." b. "My child can add salt and sugar to foods to make them taste better." c. "I will serve foods that are low in saturated fat and cholesterol." d. "I will continue to serve red meat three times per week for extra iron."

c. "I will serve foods that are low in saturated fat and cholesterol."

Parents ask the nurse, "How should we deal with our toddler's regression since our new baby has come home?" The nurse should give the parents which response? a. "Introduce new areas of learning." b. "Use time-out as punishment when regression occurs." c. "Ignore the behavior and praise appropriate behavior." d. "Explain to the toddler that the behavior is not acceptable."

c. "Ignore the behavior and praise appropriate behavior."

A parent taking a preschool child to school on the first day asks the nurse, "What do I do if my child wants me to stay?" What is an appropriate response by the nurse? a. "It is better if you do not stay." b. "It is best to stay and participate in the activities." c. "It is OK to stay part of the first day, but be inconspicuous." d. "It would be better to have a good friend take your child to class the first day."

c. "It is OK to stay part of the first day, but be inconspicuous."

The parent of 2-week-old infant asks the nurse if fluoride supplements are necessary because the infant is exclusively breastfed. What is the nurse's best response? a. "The infant needs to begin taking them now." b. "Supplements are not needed if you drink fluoridated water." c. "The infant may need to begin taking them at age 6 months." d. "The infant can have infant cereal mixed with fluoridated water instead of supplements."

c. "The infant may need to begin taking them at age 6 months." Fluoride supplementation is recommended by the American Academy of Pediatrics beginning at age 6 months if the child is not drinking adequate amounts of fluoridated water.

A female school-age child asks the school nurse, "How many pounds should I expect to gain in a year?" The nurse should give which response? a. "You will gain about 2.4 to 4.6 lb per year" b. "You will gain about 3.4 to 5.6 lb per year." c. "You will gain about 4.4 to 6.6 lb per year." d. "You will gain about 5.5 to 7.6 lb per year."

c. "You will gain about 4.4 to 6.6 lb per year."

At which age should the nurse expect most infants to begin to say "mama" and "dada" with meaning? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 10 months d. 14 months

c. 10 months

By which age should the nurse expect that an infant will be able to pull to a standing position? a. 5 to 6 months b. 7 to 8 months c. 11 to 12 months d. 14 to 15 months

c. 11 to 12 months Most infants can pull themselves to a standing position at age 9 months. Infants who are not able to pull themselves to standing by age 11 to 12 months should be further evaluated for developmental dysplasia of the hip.

At what age is it safe to give infants whole milk instead of commercial infant formula? a. 6 months b. 9 months c. 12 months d. 18 months

c. 12 months

An infant weighed 8 lb at birth and was 18 inches in length. What weight and length should the infant be at 5 months of age? a. 12 lb, 20 inches b. 14 lb, 21.5 inches c. 16 lb, 23 inches d. 18 lb, 24.5 inches

c. 16 lb, 23 inches Infants gain 680 g (1.5 lb) per month until age 5 months, when the birth weight has at least doubled. Height increases by 2.5 cm (1 inch) per month during the first 6 months

At which age can most infants sit steadily unsupported? a. 4 months b. 6 months c. 8 months d. 12 months

c. 8 months

A parent asks about whether a 7-year-old child is able to care for a dog. Based on the child's age, what does the nurse suggest? a. Caring for an animal requires more maturity than the average 7-year-old possesses. b. This will help the parent identify the child's weaknesses. c. A dog can help the child develop confidence and emotional health. d. Cats are better pets for school-age children.

c. A dog can help the child develop confidence and emotional health.

What statement accurately describes physical development during the school-age years? a. The child's weight almost triples. b. Muscles become functionally mature. c. Boys and girls double strength and physical capabilities. d. Fat gradually increases, which contributes to children's heavier appearance.

c. Boys and girls double strength and physical capabilities

The nurse is talking to the parent of a 5-year-old child who refuses to go to sleep at night. What intervention should the nurse suggest in helping the parent to cope with this sleep disturbance? a. Establish a consistent punishment if the child does not go to bed when told. b. Allow the child to fall asleep in a different room and then gently move the child to his or her bed. c. Establish limited rituals that signal readiness for bedtime. d. Allow the child to watch television until almost asleep.

c. Establish limited rituals that signal readiness for bedtime.

The nurse is performing an assessment on a 12-month-old infant. Which fine or gross motor developmental skill demonstrates the proximodistal acquisition of skills? a. Standing b. Sitting without assistance c. Fully developed pincer grasp d. Taking a few steps holding onto something

c. Fully developed pincer grasp Acquisition of fine and gross motor skills occurs in an orderly center-to-periphery (proximodistal) or head-to-toe (cephalocaudal) sequence. A fully developed pincer grasp is an example of the proximodistal development because infants use a palmar grasp before developing the finer pincer grasp Standing, sitting without assistance, and taking a few steps are examples of a cephalocaudal development sequence.

What is a characteristic of a toddler's language development at age 18 months? a. Vocabulary of 25 words b. Use of holophrases c. Increasing level of understanding d. Approximately one third of speech understandable

c. Increasing level of understanding An 18-month-old child has a vocabulary of approximately 10 words. At this age, the child does not use the one-word sentences that are characteristic of 1-year-old children. The child has a very limited vocabulary of single words that are comprehensible.

What is descriptive of the play of school-age children? a. They like to invent games, making up the rules as they go. b. Individuality in play is better tolerated than at earlier ages. c. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging. d. Team play helps children learn the universal importance of competition and winning.

c. Knowing the rules of a game gives an important sense of belonging.

What statement best describes fear in school-age children? a. Increasing concerns about bodily safety overwhelm them. b. They should be encouraged to hide their fears to prevent ridicule by peers. c. Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family. d. Children with numerous fears need continuous protective behavior by parents to eliminate these fears.

c. Most of the new fears that trouble them are related to school and family.0

What statement best describes the relationship school-age children have with their families? a. Ready to reject parental controls b. Desire to spend equal time with family and peers c. Need and want restrictions placed on their behavior by the family d. Peer group replaces the family as the primary influence in setting standards of behavior and rules

c. Need and want restrictions placed on their behavior by the family

What developmental characteristic does not occur until a child reaches age 2 1/2 years? a. Birth weight has doubled. b. Anterior fontanel is still open. c. Primary dentition is complete. d. Binocularity may be established.

c. Primary dentition is complete. Birth weight doubles at approximately ages 5 to 6 months. The anterior fontanel closes at ages 12 to 18 months. Binocularity is established by age 15 months.

What dysfunctional speech pattern is a normal characteristic of the language development of a preschool child? a. Lisp b. Echolalia c. Stammering d. Repetition without meaning

c. Stammering

What does the nurse understand about caloric needs for school-age children? a. The caloric needs for the school-age children are the same as for other age groups. b. The caloric needs for school-age children are more than they were in the preschool years. c. The caloric needs for school-age children are lower than they were in the preschool years. d. The caloric needs for school-age children are greater than they will be in the adolescent years.

c. The caloric needs for school-age children are lower than they were in the preschool years.

Although a 14-month-old girl received a shock from an electrical outlet recently, her parent finds her about to place a paper clip in another outlet. Which is the best interpretation of this behavior? a. Her cognitive development is delayed. b. This is typical behavior because toddlers are not very developed. c. This is typical behavior because of toddlers' inability to transfer remembering to new situations. d. This is not typical behavior because toddlers should know better than to repeat an act that caused pain.

c. This is typical behavior because of toddlers' inability to transfer remembering to new situations.

In terms of gross motor development, what should the nurse expect an infant age 5 months to do? a. Sit erect without support. b. Roll from the back to the abdomen. c. Turn from the abdomen to the back. d. Move from a prone to a sitting position.

c. Turn from the abdomen to the back. Rolling from the abdomen to the back is developmentally appropriate for a 5-month-old infant. The ability to roll from the back to the abdomen is developmentally appropriate for an infant at age 6 months. Sitting erect without support is a developmental milestone usually achieved by 8 months. A 10-month-old infant can usually move from a prone to a sitting position.

The parents of a 5-year-old child ask the nurse, "How many hours of sleep a night does our child need?" The nurse should give which response? a. "A 5-year-old child requires 8 hours of sleep." b. "A 5-year-old child requires 9.5 hours of sleep." c. "A 5-year-old child requires 10 hours of sleep." d. "A 5-year-old child requires 11.5 hours of sleep."

d. "A 5-year-old child requires 11.5 hours of sleep."

At a seminar for parents with preschool-age children, the nurse has discussed anticipatory tasks during the preschool years. Which statement by a parent should indicate a correct understanding of the teaching? a. "I should be worried if my 4-year-old child has an increase in sexual curiosity because this is a sign of sexual abuse." b. "I should expect my 5-year-old to change from a tranquil child to an aggressive child when school starts." c. "I should be concerned if my 4-year-old child starts telling exaggerated stories and has an imaginary playmate, since these could be signs of stress." d. "I should expect my 3-year-old child to have a more stable appetite and an increase in food selections."

d. "I should expect my 3-year-old child to have a more stable appetite and an increase in food selections."

The nurse is teaching parents about expected language development for their 6-month-old infant. The nurse recognizes the parents understand the teaching if they make which statement? a. "Our baby should comprehend the word 'no.'" b. "Our baby knows the meaning of saying 'mama.'" c. "Our baby should be able to say three to five words." d. "Our baby should begin to combine syllables, such as 'dada.'"

d. "Our baby should begin to combine syllables, such as 'dada.'"

A nurse is observing children playing in the playroom. What describes parallel play? a. A child playing a video game b. Two children playing a card game c. Two children watching a movie on a television d. A child playing with blocks next to a child playing with trucks

d. A child playing with blocks next to a child playing with trucks

What do the psychosocial developmental tasks of toddlerhood include? a. Development of a conscience b. Recognition of sex differences c. Ability to get along with age mates d. Ability to delay gratification

d. Ability to delay gratification

Which characteristic best describes the fine motor skills of an infant at age 5 months? a. Neat pincer grasp b. Strong grasp reflex c. Builds a tower of two cubes d. Able to grasp object voluntarily

d. Able to grasp object voluntarily At age 5 months, the infant should be able to voluntarily grasp an object. The grasp reflex is present in the first 2 to 3 months of life. Gradually, the reflex becomes voluntary. The neat pincer grasp is not achieved until age 11 months. At age 12 months, an infant will attempt to build a tower of two cubes but will most likely be unsuccessful.

Which type of play is most typical of the preschool period? a. Team b. Parallel c. Solitary d. Associative

d. Associative

The developmental task with which the child of 15 to 30 months is likely to be struggling is a sense of which? a. Trust b. Initiative c. Intimacy d. Autonomy

d. Autonomy

The nurse is conducting an assessment of fine motor development in a 3-year-old child. Which is the expected drawing skill for this age? a. Can draw a complete stick figure b. Holds the instrument with the fist c. Can copy a triangle and diamond d. Can copy a circle and imitate a cross

d. Can copy a circle and imitate a cross

An infant, age 6 months, has six teeth. The nurse should recognize that this is what? a. Normal tooth eruption b. Delayed tooth eruption c. Unusual and dangerous d. Earlier than expected tooth eruption

d. Earlier than expected tooth eruption

What do nursing interventions to promote health during middle childhood include? a. Stress the need for increased calorie intake to meet increased demands. b. Instruct parents to defer questions about sex until the child reaches adolescence. c. Advise parents that the child will need increasing amounts of rest toward the end of this period. d. Educate parents about the need for good dental hygiene because these are the years in which permanent teeth erupt.

d. Educate parents about the need for good dental hygiene because these are the years in which permanent teeth erupt.

The nurse is planning to bring a preschool child a toy from the playroom. What toy is appropriate for this age group? a. Building blocks b. A 500-piece puzzle c. Paint by number picture d. Farm animals and equipment

d. Farm animals and equipment

What should the nurse suggest to parents of preschoolers about sensitive questions regarding sex? a. Distract your child from the topic. b. Offer complete factual information. c. Dismiss the topic until the child is older. d. Find out what your child knows or thinks.

d. Find out what your child knows or thinks.

According to Piaget, adolescents tend to be in what stage of cognitive development? a. Concrete operations b. Conventional thought c. Postconventional thought d. Formal operational thought

d. Formal operational thought

Parents of a preschool child tell the nurse, "Our child seems to have many imaginary fears." What suggestion should the nurse give to the parents to help their child resolve the fears? a. Ignore the fears; they will go away. b. Explain to your child the fears are not real. c. Give your child some new toys to allay the fears. d. Help your child to resolve the fears through play activities.

d. Help your child to resolve the fears through play activities.

The parents of a 12-month-old child ask the nurse if the child can eat hot dogs as do their other children. The nurse's reply should be based on what? a. The child is too young to digest hot dogs. b. The child is too young to eat hot dogs safely. c. Hot dogs must be sliced into sections to prevent aspiration. d. Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.

d. Hot dogs must be cut into small, irregular pieces to prevent aspiration.

What is the role of the peer group in the life of school-age children? a. Decreases their need to learn appropriate sex roles b. Gives them an opportunity to learn dominance and hostility c. Allows them to remain dependent on their parents for a longer time d. Provides them with security as they gain independence from their parents

d. Provides them with security as they gain independence from their parents

A parent asks the nurse about negativism in toddlers. What is the most appropriate recommendation? a. Punish the child. b. Provide more attention. c. Ask child not to always say "no." d. Reduce the opportunities for a "no" answer.

d. Reduce the opportunities for a "no" answer

A toddler's parent asks the nurse for suggestions on dealing with temper tantrums. What is the most appropriate recommendation? a. Punish the child. b. Explain to child that this is wrong. c. Leave the child alone until the tantrum is over. d. Remain close by the child but without eye contact.

d. Remain close by the child but without eye contact. The best way to deal with temper tantrums is to ignore the behaviors, provided that the actions are not dangerous to the child. Tantrums are common during this age group as the child becomes more independent and overwhelmed by increasingly complex tasks. The parents and caregivers need to have consistent and developmentally appropriate expectations. Punishment and explanations will not be beneficial. The presence of the parent is necessary both for safety and to provide a feeling of control and security to the child when the tantrum is over.

A father tells the nurse that his daughter wants the same plate and cup used at every meal, even if they go to a restaurant. The nurse should explain that this is what? a. A sign the child is spoiled b. An attempt to exert unhealthy control c. Regression, which is common at this age d. Ritualism, an expected behavior at this age

d. Ritualism, an expected behavior at this age

What is the most common type of burn in the toddler age group? a. Electric burn from electrical outlets b. Flame burn from playing with matches c. Hot object burn from cigarettes or irons d. Scald burn from high-temperature tap water

d. Scald burn from high-temperature tap water

What characteristic best describes the language skills of a 3-year-old child? a. Asks meanings of words b. Follows directional commands c. Can describe an object according to its composition d. Talks incessantly regardless of whether anyone is listening

d. Talks incessantly regardless of whether anyone is listening

During the preschool period, the emphasis of injury prevention should be placed on what? a. Limitation of physical activities b. Punishment for unsafe behaviors c. Constant vigilance and protection d. Teaching about safety and potential hazards

d. Teaching about safety and potential hazards

What statement characterizes moral development in the older school-age child? a. Rule violations are viewed in an isolated context. b. Judgments and rules become more absolute and authoritarian. c. The child remembers the rules but cannot understand the reasons behind them. d. The child is able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it rather than just by the consequences.

d. The child is able to judge an act by the intentions that prompted it rather than just by the consequences.

Adolescents often do not use reasoned decision making when issues such as substance abuse and sexual behavior are involved. What is this because of? a. They tend to be immature. b. They do not need to use reasoned decision making. c. They lack cognitive skills to use reasoned decision making. d. They are dealing with issues that are stressful and emotionally laden.

d. They are dealing with issues that are stressful and emotionally laden.

Which characteristic best describes the gross motor skills of a 24-month-old child? a. Skips b. Broad jumps c. Rides tricycle d. Walks up and down stairs

d. Walks up and down stairs