Gas Law Problems, Gas Laws, Gas Laws
ideal gas constant
"R" the universal constant in the gas equation: PV = nRT
17.2 kPa
...A breathing mixture used by deep-sea divers contains helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. What is the partial pressure of oxygen at 101.3 kPa total pressure if PHe = 84.0 kPa and Pco2 = 0.10 kPa?
Kinetic Molecular Theory
1) mass no volume 2) no forces exerted 3) constant, random motion 4) elastic collisions 5) kinetic energy based on temperature regardless of gas
124 L
A balloon contains 30.0 L of helium gas at 103kPa. What is the volume of the helium when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is only 25.0 kPa?
4.46 L
A balloon inflated in a room at 24 c has a volume of 4.00 L. The balloon is then heated to a temperature of 58.0 c . What is the new volume if the pressure remains constant?
Burst because increased altitude will decrease external pressure allowing the internal pressure of the balloon to expand the balloon beyond its capacity.
A fly away balloon will eventually ......
temperature
A measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance
0.55 atm
A mixture of neon and argon gases exerts a total pressure of 2.39 atm. The partial pressure of the neon alone is 1.84 atm, what is the partial pressure of the argon?
218.75 Kpa
A sample of carbon dioxide occupies a volume of 3.50 L at 125 kPa. What pressure would the gas exert if the volume were decreased to 2.00 L?
Increases
As the volume of confined gas decreases at constant temperature, the pressure exerted by the gas___________.
Charles Law (graph and relationship)
Direct
Gay-Lussac's Law (graph and relationship)
Direct
316.66 ml
Fluorine exerts a pressure of 900. torr. When the pressure is changed to 1140 torr, its volume is 250. mL. What was the original volume?
Boyle's Law
For a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional; P1V1 = P2V2
Charles Law (define in words)
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature increases.
Boyle's Law (define in words)
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure decreases.
Gay-Lussac's Law (define in words)
For a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume, the pressure of the gas increases as the temperature increases.
Effusion
Gas particles pushing or leaking out through small openings in the container
Faster
Heating up the molecules of a gas allow the particles to move......
MORE pressure
If MORE gas molecules created MORE collisions with the sides of a container, then there will be_____
7.12 L
If a scuba tank that has a capacity of 10.0 L is filled with air to 500.0 KPa, what will be the volume of the air at 702.6 KPa?
Boyle's Law (graph and relationship)
Inverse
884.6 K
Oxygen gas is at a temperature of 40 C when it occupies a volume of 2.3 L. To what temperature should it be raised to occupy a volume of 6.5 L?
Gay-Lussac's Law (Equation)
P1/T1 = P2 /T2
Boyle's Law (equation)
P1V1 = P2V2
Combined Gas Law (Equation)
P1V1/T1= P2V2/T2
Ideal Gas Law (equation)
PV=nRT
1 atmosphere
Standard pressure
zero degrees C
Standard temperature
39.5 L
The volume of gas filled balloon is 30.0 L at 313 K and a 153 kPa pressure. What would the volume be at STP?
Charles Law (equation)
V1/T1 = V2/T2
sitting at your desk
Where would there be more air pressure - sitting at your desk, Boulder City Colorado or on top of a mountain?
Boyle's Law example
Which gas law is involved when a balloon pops after being sat on?
415 kPa
Why are aersol cans dangerous? The gas in an aerosol can is at a pressure of 103 kPa at 25 c. If the aersol can is put into a fire, what will the pressure be when the temperature reaches 928 c.
pressure
a force exerted by the substance per unit area on another substance
ideal gas
a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that do not interact except when they collide elastically
atmosphere
a unit of measurement used to describe pressure
elastic collision
an encounter between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies after the encounter is equal to their total kinetic energy before the encounter
real gas
as opposed to a perfect or ideal gas - exhibit properties that cannot be explained entirely using the ideal gas law
Kinetic Molecular Theory
collection of rules that describe the behavior of gases
Combined Gas Law
combines Charles' Law, Boyle's Law, Amonton's Law, and Avogadro's Law; P1V1n2T2 = P2V2n1T1
kinetic energy
energy that a particle possesses by virtue of being in motion
Avogadro's Law
equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules; the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional; V1n2=V2n1
Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure
in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases; P-total = P1 + P2 + P3 . . .
diffusion
spontaneous mixing of particles through continuous, rapid, random motion
mole
the SI unit of amount of substance
Ideal Gas Law
the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas; PV = nRT
STP
the temperature of 0°C and pressure of 1 atm
Charles' Law
the volume of a given mass of gas at a constant pressure varies directly as its absolute temperature; V1T2 = V2T1
Kelvin
unit of measurement used for temperature
liters
unit of measurement used to describe volume in Ideal Gas Law