Gas Law Problems, Gas Laws, Gas Laws

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ideal gas constant

"R" the universal constant in the gas equation: PV = nRT

17.2 kPa

...A breathing mixture used by deep-sea divers contains helium, oxygen, and carbon dioxide. What is the partial pressure of oxygen at 101.3 kPa total pressure if PHe = 84.0 kPa and Pco2 = 0.10 kPa?

Kinetic Molecular Theory

1) mass no volume 2) no forces exerted 3) constant, random motion 4) elastic collisions 5) kinetic energy based on temperature regardless of gas

124 L

A balloon contains 30.0 L of helium gas at 103kPa. What is the volume of the helium when the balloon rises to an altitude where the pressure is only 25.0 kPa?

4.46 L

A balloon inflated in a room at 24 c has a volume of 4.00 L. The balloon is then heated to a temperature of 58.0 c . What is the new volume if the pressure remains constant?

Burst because increased altitude will decrease external pressure allowing the internal pressure of the balloon to expand the balloon beyond its capacity.

A fly away balloon will eventually ......

temperature

A measure of the average kinetic energy of a substance

0.55 atm

A mixture of neon and argon gases exerts a total pressure of 2.39 atm. The partial pressure of the neon alone is 1.84 atm, what is the partial pressure of the argon?

218.75 Kpa

A sample of carbon dioxide occupies a volume of 3.50 L at 125 kPa. What pressure would the gas exert if the volume were decreased to 2.00 L?

Increases

As the volume of confined gas decreases at constant temperature, the pressure exerted by the gas___________.

Charles Law (graph and relationship)

Direct

Gay-Lussac's Law (graph and relationship)

Direct

316.66 ml

Fluorine exerts a pressure of 900. torr. When the pressure is changed to 1140 torr, its volume is 250. mL. What was the original volume?

Boyle's Law

For a fixed amount of an ideal gas kept at a fixed temperature, pressure and volume are inversely proportional; P1V1 = P2V2

Charles Law (define in words)

For a fixed amount of gas at a constant pressure, the volume of the gas increases as the temperature increases.

Boyle's Law (define in words)

For a fixed amount of gas at a constant temperature, the volume of the gas increases as the pressure decreases.

Gay-Lussac's Law (define in words)

For a fixed amount of gas at a constant volume, the pressure of the gas increases as the temperature increases.

Effusion

Gas particles pushing or leaking out through small openings in the container

Faster

Heating up the molecules of a gas allow the particles to move......

MORE pressure

If MORE gas molecules created MORE collisions with the sides of a container, then there will be_____

7.12 L

If a scuba tank that has a capacity of 10.0 L is filled with air to 500.0 KPa, what will be the volume of the air at 702.6 KPa?

Boyle's Law (graph and relationship)

Inverse

884.6 K

Oxygen gas is at a temperature of 40 C when it occupies a volume of 2.3 L. To what temperature should it be raised to occupy a volume of 6.5 L?

Gay-Lussac's Law (Equation)

P1/T1 = P2 /T2

Boyle's Law (equation)

P1V1 = P2V2

Combined Gas Law (Equation)

P1V1/T1= P2V2/T2

Ideal Gas Law (equation)

PV=nRT

1 atmosphere

Standard pressure

zero degrees C

Standard temperature

39.5 L

The volume of gas filled balloon is 30.0 L at 313 K and a 153 kPa pressure. What would the volume be at STP?

Charles Law (equation)

V1/T1 = V2/T2

sitting at your desk

Where would there be more air pressure - sitting at your desk, Boulder City Colorado or on top of a mountain?

Boyle's Law example

Which gas law is involved when a balloon pops after being sat on?

415 kPa

Why are aersol cans dangerous? The gas in an aerosol can is at a pressure of 103 kPa at 25 c. If the aersol can is put into a fire, what will the pressure be when the temperature reaches 928 c.

pressure

a force exerted by the substance per unit area on another substance

ideal gas

a theoretical gas composed of many randomly moving point particles that do not interact except when they collide elastically

atmosphere

a unit of measurement used to describe pressure

elastic collision

an encounter between two bodies in which the total kinetic energy of the two bodies after the encounter is equal to their total kinetic energy before the encounter

real gas

as opposed to a perfect or ideal gas - exhibit properties that cannot be explained entirely using the ideal gas law

Kinetic Molecular Theory

collection of rules that describe the behavior of gases

Combined Gas Law

combines Charles' Law, Boyle's Law, Amonton's Law, and Avogadro's Law; P1V1n2T2 = P2V2n1T1

kinetic energy

energy that a particle possesses by virtue of being in motion

Avogadro's Law

equal volumes of all gases, at the same temperature and pressure, have the same number of molecules; the volume and amount (moles) of the gas are directly proportional; V1n2=V2n1

Dalton's Law of Partial Pressure

in a mixture of non-reacting gases, the total pressure exerted is equal to the sum of the partial pressures of the individual gases; P-total = P1 + P2 + P3 . . .

diffusion

spontaneous mixing of particles through continuous, rapid, random motion

mole

the SI unit of amount of substance

Ideal Gas Law

the equation of state of a hypothetical ideal gas; PV = nRT

STP

the temperature of 0°C and pressure of 1 atm

Charles' Law

the volume of a given mass of gas at a constant pressure varies directly as its absolute temperature; V1T2 = V2T1

Kelvin

unit of measurement used for temperature

liters

unit of measurement used to describe volume in Ideal Gas Law


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