GCH 332 Exam 1

What is the main idea of the transtheoretical model of behavior change?

As you change your behavior, you move through distinct stages of action.

Which of the following would be helpful in creating a plan of action for behavior change?

Control habits that contribute to the target behavior. Get any needed resources right away. Rid your environment of external cues related to the behavior.

Which of the following are steps for devising a plan of action?

Control related habits. Modify your environment. Get what you need.

TRUE OR FLASE: Responses to stressors are primarily caused by emotional changes.

FALSE Responses to stressors can include a wide variety of physical, cognitive, behavioral, and emotional changes.

What are reasons that a person's family health history is relevant to the person's health?

Genes help regulate the body's chemical reactions. Genes help regulate the body's metabolic processes. Some health problems run in families.

What are characteristics of health insurance under the Affordable Care Act?

Health exchanges help individuals obtain the coverage they need. The government regulates the health care plans offered on health exchanges. People who have an income below certain levels are eligible for government subsidies.

The main function of the autonomic nervous system is to control ______ functions.

Involuntary

Which of the following are reasons you should make a personal contract?

It can serve as a reminder of your commitment to change. It can result in a better chance of success than a casual promise. It can help you prevent procrastination by specifying dates and goals.

Why is an active mind essential to wellness?

It helps direct behavior. It helps detect problems. It helps find solutions to problems.

What are reasons that effective stress management is important?

It helps prevent serious diseases. It enhances psychological health.

interpersonal wellness

It is also known as social wellness. It requires participating in your community and society. It is important to physical and emotional wellness. a supportive network of friends a capacity for intimacy communication skills

What is self-efficacy?

It refers to an individual's belief in their ability to successfully take action and perform a specific task.

What are some good strategies for successful behavior change for good health?

Lay out a long-range plan. Continue to tackle more behavior change projects as time goes by. Be inspired by the positive feelings you have about yourself as you see progress.

Which of the following statements is true about relapses as people move through the stages of change of the transtheoretical model?

Most people need to make several attempts before changing a behavior successfully.

Which of the following statements about health factors in rural areas is true?

People living in rural areas are less likely to be physically active.

Give some examples of stressors

Planning a wedding Making a public speech Taking a final exam

What actions should you take as you put your plan for behavior change into action?

Reward yourself often. Get as much support as possible from supportive people. Remember that you are in control of the behavior change.

TRUE OR FALSE: "Stress," as we commonly use the term, can mean both an event and the reaction to that event.

TRUE In common usage, the term stress refers to two things: the mental states or events that trigger physical and psychological reactions and the reactions themselves.

TRUE or FALSE: The nine dimensions of wellness are interrelated.

TRUE. All nine dimensions are interrelated. If one dimension is affected (either positively or negatively), others can also be affected.

You decide you want to change one particular behavior and focus your energies on changing that behavior. That behavior is defined as a(n) _________ behavior.

Target

where are each of these diseases concentrated? Tay-Sachs sickle-cell cystic fibrosis

Tay-Sachs- French Canadian heritage sickle-cell- African ancestry cystic fibrosis- Northern European ancestry

What is the characteristic feature of the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model of behavior change?

The person has no intention of changing their behavior.

Which two of the following statements about Asian Americans and their health, as compared to the general population, are true?

Vietnamese women have higher rates of cervical cancer. They have a lower rate of coronary heart disease.

Which of the following are true statements about behavior and behavior change?

Wellness involves cultivating healthy behaviors and overcoming unhealthy ones. You likely have both healthy and unhealthy behaviors. Confidence will increase as you make progress and start taking charge of your life.

Match each negative heredity or environment factor with the personal health behavior that would help reduce the health risk it poses. a family history of obesity living in a city with severe air pollution a highly competitive job

a family history of obesity- controlling body weight and exercising regularly a highly competitive job- learning to manage stress living in a city with severe air pollution- choosing not to smoke

What is a long-term cost of an inactive lifestyle?

a higher possibility of premature death a greater chance of having a stroke a larger risk of heart disease

As you take steps to lead a more healthy lifestyle, what would be appropriate ways to reward yourself?

a reward planned in advance a real reward for good behavior a reward right after specific goals are achieved

You are disturbed by a noise in the other room. As a result, your hearing becomes more attuned to the activity. Your increase in hearing function is an example of

a stress response.

Class presentations are due today and you are called upon to go first. Your heart begins to pound, and your palms become sweaty. This reaction is an example of

a stress response. -The stressor is the presentation, but the physical reaction is an example of a stress response.

Being informed that you got a good grade on an exam would be an example of

a type of stressor

A woman who doesn't bother with screening tests because she believes she is destined to get breast cancer is an example of

an external locus of control

Sandy feels like her life is controlled by her parents and that she has no power to do anything about it. Sandy has ______.

an external locus of control

The sympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system is active during times of ______.

arousal

Which of the following are effective ways to promote wellness in the world?

asking for more nutritious foods supporting nonsmoking policies for public places providing nonalcoholic drinks at parties

Pacific Islander Americans have a higher overall death rate than the general population and higher rates of

asthma diabetes

_____ change is a lifestyle management process that involves cultivating healthy lifestyle habits and working to overcome unhealthy ones.

behavior

what are typical short-term benefits of an inactive lifestyle?

being able to use more social media having more time to watch videos getting to hang out more with friends

The endocrine system secretes hormones into the ______.

bloodstream

Compared to the general population, Asian Americans have lower rates of which of the following?

coronary heart disease obesity

the dimension of wellness that corresponds to a willingness to try to understand the values held by different groups in society is

cultural wellness

What are examples of diseases concentrated in a particular gene pool?

cystic fibrosis sickle-cell disease Tay-Sachs disease

Compared to women, men are likelier to ______.

die from suicide

Compared to the general population, which of the following health concerns are more prevalent among American Indians and Alaska Natives?

early death rates from cirrhosis early death rates from alcohol use early death rates from smoking

The stress that an individual experiences from unsafe living conditions, such as air pollution or a high crime rate, is an example of ______ stress.

environmental

Which personal health behaviors would reduce the risk of a woman with a family history of breast cancer from developing the disease?

exercising regularly controlling her weight getting mammograms regularly

What would be an example of a cultural difference that may affect one's health?

family values

What is the major difference between life span and health span?

freedom from chronic or disabling disease

______ consists of the roles, behaviors, activities, and attributes that a given society associates with men and women. Multiple choice question.

gender

The complete set of genetic material in an individual's cells is known as ______.

genome

People in the precontemplation stage of the transtheoretical model may lack motivation for behavioural change due to ______.

having tried unsuccessfully to change in the past

What are the social and environmental factors called that affect the health of individuals, demographic groups, or entire populations?

health determinants

The overall condition of body or mind and the presence or absence of illness and injury is called:

health.

Latinos on average have lower rates of which of the following compared to the general population?

heart disease cancer suicide

Which of the following health disparities are of special concern among African Americans?

high blood pressure obesity diabetes stroke asthma

People with lower income and levels of education experience which of the following?

higher rates of tuberculosis higher rates of diabetes They have higher rates of traumatic injury. They are more likely to eat poorly and have other negative health habits. They have less access to health care services.

The chemical messengers that are produced by glands and transported in the bloodstream to target cells or organs to regulate their activities are called

hormones

A(n) ______ disease can spread from person to person and is caused by microorganisms, such as bacteria and viruses.

infectious

Which of the following is not a function of the parasympathetic division of the autonomic nervous system? itching blood pressure breathing digestion

itching

Which of the following are components of the contemplation stage of the transtheoretical model?

knowing you have a problem behavior being aware of the possible costs of behavior change identifying barriers to making a change

____________ span is how long we live; _______________ span is how long we stay healthy.

life span, health span

The figurative "place" people designate as the source of responsibility for the events in their lives is referred to as their ______. Multiple choice question.

locus of control

In the transtheoretical model, which of the following is not part of the contemplation stage of behavior change?

making changes to discourage the unwanted behavior

Which of the following behaviors are part of the action stage of the transtheoretical model?

monitoring your progress rewarding yourself making changes to discourage the unwanted behavior

What strongly correlates to an individual's life span?

obesity drug use

Which of the following are of special concern for Pacific Islander Americans?

obesity smoking

Which traits are associated primarily with emotional wellness?

optimism, self esteem, and self acceptance

The part of the autonomic nervous system that is in control when an individual is relaxed is the ______ division.

parasympathetic

The preparation stage involves ______.

planning to take action

Which of the following are included in the preparation stage of the transtheoretical model?

planning to take action within a month practicing visualization and self-talk creating a plan, though being uncertain about being able to fulfill it

Macawi has started a plan to reduce alcohol consumption. Which three of the following would be appropriate as part of her plan of action?

preparing for challenges she might experience rewarding herself with money saved from not buying alcohol telling her friends and family what she is trying to accomplish

How does access to health care help improve a person's life?

preventive care appropriate treatment of diseases

African American men are at significantly higher risk of ______ cancer than men in other groups.

prostate

What is a recommended approach to help prevent a number of serious diseases?

responding effectively to stress

In general, Americans living in which of the following areas are least likely to use seat belts, get screening tests, or have access to timely emergency services?

rural areas

What are some public health achievements that have led to an increased life expectancy among Americans?

sewage treatment systems control of infectious diseases water purification measures

Defining a man as someone who has an XY pair of chromosomes would be identifying him by his ______.

sex

___ is defined as the biological and physiological characteristics (in contrast to the behaviors) that define men and women. Multiple choice question.

sex

Ethnicity, education level, and economic status are examples of ______ health determinants.

social

To enjoy ______ wellness is to possess a set of guiding beliefs, principles, or values that give meaning and purpose to your life.

spiritual

The ability to cope with cynicism and pessimism is derived from

spiritual wellness

The physical and emotional reactions that are triggered by a stressor are known as the ___________ response.

stress

The term ________ describes the general physical and emotional states that accompany the stress response.

stress

Any physical or psychological event or condition that produces a stress response is called a(n)

stressor

The Latino population in the United States has a relatively low prevalence of which of the following health-related issues?

suicide

The ______ division of the autonomic nervous system is active during times of arousal, including exercise or an emergency.

sympathetic

While playing football, Otto falls and appears to be in severe pain. The ______ division of his autonomic nervous system has been engaged.

sympathetic

physical wellness

taking care of yourself by eating well engaging in regular physical activity

Simone exercises regularly and eats organic food, but does not get enough sleep, drinks too much alcohol, and smokes. Simone wants to move in the direction of wellness and decides to start by quitting smoking. Smoking is thus defined as the ______.

target behavior

blood pressure, breathing, and metabolism are all controlled by...

the autonomic nervous system

give some examples of infectious diseases

the common cold influenza (flu)

A personal contract for changing your behavior should include details such as ______.

the dates you will start and finish how you plan to measure your progress strategies you will use to promote change

What does the term health typically refer to?

the overall condition of a person's body or mind

Which of the following is a method that provides an effective approach to changing behavior by stages?

the transtheoretical model

What are some ways of obtaining health insurance coverage in the United States?

through a professional group through an employer through health exchanges

What is the primary goal of the SMART criteria?

to establish goals that are realistic and achievable

TRUE OR FALSE: People can increase efficacy expectancies by observing others cope successfully.

true

TRUE OR FALSE: The memory of a stressful experience can, itself, be a stressor years after the experience.

true

True or False: Diabetes is a special concern for many groups of American Indians.

true

Access to preventive health care is important because it provides a person with ______.

vaccinations that can prevent infections

intellectual wellness

wanting to learn new things finding new mental challenges