GD 200 Quiz 1

spur (type)

a small projection of the main stroke

emphasis

arrangement of visual elements according to importance

examples of sans serif

franklin gothic, futura, universal

shape

general outline of an object or a closed path

gif

graphic image format

vector graphics

graphics that are created using equations, are infinitely scalable without affecting the resolution

type style

variations of a typeface such as weight, width, angle, outline, shaded, decorated

unity

when all the graphic elements are interrelated to form a greater whole

linear style

when line is the most important element in unifying a composition or describe shapes and forms

repetition

when one or more visual elements is repeated a number of times

equivocal space

when shapes are interchangeable, ambiguous positive/negative space relationship, can reverse foreground and background, ex: yin yang symbol

abcs of emphasis

where do you want the viewer to look first, second and third

color temperature

whether the color looks cool or warm

variation

a break or change in the pattern

bowl (type)

a curved stroke that encloses a counter

swash (type)

a decorative extension on a letterform, usually a flourish replacing a terminal or serif

positive space (figure)

a definite shape that is immediately recognized

arm (type)

a horizontal or diagonal stroke extending from a stem

character (type)

a letterform, number, punctuation mark or any single unit in a font

stoke (type)

a line used to define a major structural portion of a character

leg (type)

a lower downward stroke of a letter, ex: K and R

implied line

a non continuous line that the viewer sees as continuous

what is photoshop?

a painting and photo program used to edit and alter raster images

rhythm

a pattern of elements that cause the viewers eyes to move around the page

what is acrobat?

a program to create, manipulate, manage and print pdf files

what is indesign?

a program used to arrange and lay out elements in spreads, combines raster and vector graphics and text

color

a property of light energy

what is illustrator?

a resolution independent program that is used to create vector images

rectilinear shape

a shape composed of straight lines or angles

geometric shape

a shape created with straight edges, measurable angles, and precise curves

organic shape

a shape formed by curves or flowing edges, more natural feel, can drawn precisely or loosely

accidental shape

a shape made from result of the material or process or accident, ex: spilling ink of paper

irregular shape

a shape made from straight and curved lines

nonobjective/nonrepresentational shape

a shape that is invented and not derived from anything visually perceived, doesn't relate to any object in nature, doesn't represent a person, place or thing

representational shape

a shape that is recognizable and reminds the viewer of objects seen in nature

abstract shape

a simple or complex rearrangement, alteration, distortion of the representation of natural appearance used for stylistic distinction

oblique (type)

a slanting version of a face, similar to italic without script quality of a true italic

serif (type)

a small stroke added to the upper or lower end of the main stroke of a character

italics (type)

a specifically designed style variant of a typeface within a type family, has cursive origins, slants to the right

pantone color system

a standardized system of color matching inks used in the printing process

upsampling

adding pixels to a composition to give the appearance of a higher resolution, computer repeats the pixel info it already has and repeats pixels

examples of slab serif

american typewriter, clarendon, bookman

inspiration board

an arrangement of other work and images that appeal to you to promote visual brainstorming

line

an elongated point, a mark made by a tool, has distinct qualities

asymmetry

an equal distribution of visual weight on one side of the composition

symmetry

an equal distribution of visual weights, mirrored weight on both sides

raster graphics

an image comprised of pixels arranged in a matrix

mood board

an organized collage with images, typefaces, colors, textures, and object samples

hue

base color of the rainbow

examples of transitional

baskerville, century and itc zapf

examples of script

brush script, snell roundhand

examples of old style/ humanist

caslon, garamond, times new roman

saturation

color intensity

low contrast values

colors in a narrow ranges of values

high contrast values

colors in a wide range of values

web safe colors

colors that are consistent and reliable when viewed on windows or apple and different browsers

pattern

consistent repetition of a single visual unit within a given area with directional movement

shoulder (type)

curved stroke of the lowercase h, m or n

cmyk

cyan, magenta, yellow and key, used for print

what are some functions of a line?

define shapes, edges, forms; create images, letters, patterns; define area and boundaries; organize a composition; create a line of vision

typeface

design of a single set of characters unified by consistent visual properties

weight (type)

determined by the thickness of the stroke compared to the height, ex: light, medium and bold weights

examples of modern

didot, bodoni, walbaum

additive colors

digital colors in screen based media, mixtures of light

open type font format

digital fonts that work on multiple platforms, can support more character sets, access more features, support multiple languages all in a single font

tactile texture

have actual qualities of touch, can be physically felt

legibility

how easily a person can recognize the letters in a typeface

resolution

how many pixels are in a given unit of measurement

brightness

how much light is being added to the color

visual textures

illusions of real texture, created by hand

type family

includes many style variations of a single typeface

why is negative space important?

integral part of composition, the background actually has a shape-->negative shapes, allows you to consider the whole space

how can emphasis be achieved?

isolation, placement, scale, contrast, pointers

jpeg

joint picture expert group

how do we see colors?

light hits an objects some light is absorbed and some is reflected, the light thats reflected is visible to humans, ex: a tomato absorbs all light but red light so we see red

what are some of the uses for graphics made in illustrator?

logos, typography, graphics, posters, maps

color value

luminosity level, lightness or darkness of a color

correspondence

managing design elements to create similarites in form, ex: a company's letterhead, envelope and business cards

solid line

mark as it is drawn across a surface

what are some of indesigns uses?

multi page publications, newspapers, magazines, business cards, posters

text type

narrative content, set smaller that titles, subtitles, or headlines, aka body copy

focal point

part of a design that is most emphasized

grouping

perceiving visual unites by location, orientation, similarity to other objects, shape, and color

what is the workflow from program to program?

photoshop, illustrator, indesign, acrobat

ppi

pixels per inch

png

portable network graphic

subtractive colors

print colors, surface subtracts all light waves except the waves containing the color the viewer sees

rgb

red green and blue light, combined light only viewed on computer screens

figure/ground (aka positive and negative space)

refers to the relationship of shapes, figure to ground, on a 2d surface., foreground/background relationship

visual weight

relative amount of visual attraction or emphasis an element carries in a composition

what are some of photoshops uses?

retouching images, manipulating images, collages

old style/ humanist type

roman typefaces introduced in late 15th century, angled and bracketed serifs, biased stress

examples of blackletter

rotunda, fraktur, old london

transitional type

serif typefaces introduced in 18th century, transition from old style to modern, has design elements of both

modern type

serif typefaces, introduced in late 19th century, more geometirc, great thick thin stroke contrast, vertical stress, most symmetrical

what aspects should be considered when designing something with type?

shape, proportion, balance, integrated with visuals, readable, respect margins, transitions, spacing

what contributes to an elements visual weight?

size, shape, value, color, texture, position

point

smallest unit of a line, visible single pixel of light

categories of line

solid, implied, edges, line of vision

balance

stability created by an even distribution of visual weight on each side of the center, even distribution of weight of all elements in the composition

true type font format

standard for digital type built into windows and mac

type 1 font format

standard format of digital type for every computer platform, prints on almost every printer

typographic shapes

stylized shapes that represent sounds of language, has properties of basic shapes

downsampling

subtracting pixels from a composition

radial balance

symmetry done through a combination of horizontally and vertically oriented symmetry

texture

tactile quality of a surface

axis (type)

the angle of stress of the round part of a character

stress (type)

the angle of the major axis of the stroke of a letter

visual hierarchy

the arrangement of all graphic elements according to emphasis

baseline (type)

the bottom of capital and lowercase letters, excluding descenders

foot (type)

the bottom portion of a character

reflected color

the colors we see on the surfaces of objects in our environment

thick/thin contrast (type)

the comparative thickness of the strokes in a typeface, amount of difference between the weight of thick and thin strokes

link (type)

the connecting stroke between a two story lowercase g

format

the defined perimeter and the area it encloses of a design, refers to the format of the design project

tail (type)

the descender of a Q when it descends below the baseline

terminal (type)

the end of a stroke not terminated with a serif

vertex (type)

the foot of a pointed letter

cap height (type)

the height of a capital letter from the baseline to the top of the cap

x height (type)

the height of a lowercase letter, excluding ascenders and descenders

bar (type)

the horizontal stroke connecting two sides of a letter form, ex: A, H

loop (type)

the lower portion of the two story lowercase g

spine (type)

the main curved stroke of the s

stem (type)

the main upright stroke of a character

edges (line)

the meeting point or boundary line between shapes and tones

line of vision

the movement of the viewers eye as it scans the composition, directional line

descender (type)

the part of lowercase characters that falls below the baseline

ascender (type)

the part of lowercase letters that rises above the x height

alignment

the positioning of visual elements relative to each other so that their edges line up

ear (type)

the projecting small stroke on the bowl of the g

negative space (ground)

the shapes/area created between and among figures

scale

the size of an element in relation to other elements

counter (type)

the space enclosed by the strokes of a letter

readability

the text is easy to read, can be read without frustration

hairline (type)

the thin stroke of a roman character

head (type)

the top portion of a letter

how is color used in graphic design?

to create a focal point, as symbols, cultural and emotional associations, brand personality, illusion of 3d space, illusion of movement, can enhance or distract from legibility of type, can be associated with styles, history, techniques

why make a mood board?

to give the client a better idea of what the finished product will look like, to defend your stylistic choices and to help the client design what visual elements they want

why make an inspiration board?

to kickstart imagination, to research success or lack of in previous visual techniques, to compare and contrast competitors, to reference if you get stuck but not to copy

ligature (type)

two or more characters linked together

blackletter type

typefaces based on 13th-15th century medieval manuscript letter forms, aka gothic, heavy stroke weight, condensed letters, few curves

display type

typefaces designed for use in larger sizes, used for headlines and titles, difficult to read as text type, decorated, elaborate

script type

typefaces that resemble handwriting, letters slant, are often joined, can imitate the different mediums handlettering is done in

slab serif

typefaces with heavy slablike serifs, introduced in the 19th century

sans serif

typefaces without serifs, introduced in early 19th century, has subcategories

properties of a shape

2d, can be created by lines, color, tone or texture, can be measured by height and width

what is the resolution for computer screens?

72 ppi