GD 200 Quiz 1
spur (type)
a small projection of the main stroke
emphasis
arrangement of visual elements according to importance
examples of sans serif
franklin gothic, futura, universal
shape
general outline of an object or a closed path
gif
graphic image format
vector graphics
graphics that are created using equations, are infinitely scalable without affecting the resolution
type style
variations of a typeface such as weight, width, angle, outline, shaded, decorated
unity
when all the graphic elements are interrelated to form a greater whole
linear style
when line is the most important element in unifying a composition or describe shapes and forms
repetition
when one or more visual elements is repeated a number of times
equivocal space
when shapes are interchangeable, ambiguous positive/negative space relationship, can reverse foreground and background, ex: yin yang symbol
abcs of emphasis
where do you want the viewer to look first, second and third
color temperature
whether the color looks cool or warm
variation
a break or change in the pattern
bowl (type)
a curved stroke that encloses a counter
swash (type)
a decorative extension on a letterform, usually a flourish replacing a terminal or serif
positive space (figure)
a definite shape that is immediately recognized
arm (type)
a horizontal or diagonal stroke extending from a stem
character (type)
a letterform, number, punctuation mark or any single unit in a font
stoke (type)
a line used to define a major structural portion of a character
leg (type)
a lower downward stroke of a letter, ex: K and R
implied line
a non continuous line that the viewer sees as continuous
what is photoshop?
a painting and photo program used to edit and alter raster images
rhythm
a pattern of elements that cause the viewers eyes to move around the page
what is acrobat?
a program to create, manipulate, manage and print pdf files
what is indesign?
a program used to arrange and lay out elements in spreads, combines raster and vector graphics and text
color
a property of light energy
what is illustrator?
a resolution independent program that is used to create vector images
rectilinear shape
a shape composed of straight lines or angles
geometric shape
a shape created with straight edges, measurable angles, and precise curves
organic shape
a shape formed by curves or flowing edges, more natural feel, can drawn precisely or loosely
accidental shape
a shape made from result of the material or process or accident, ex: spilling ink of paper
irregular shape
a shape made from straight and curved lines
nonobjective/nonrepresentational shape
a shape that is invented and not derived from anything visually perceived, doesn't relate to any object in nature, doesn't represent a person, place or thing
representational shape
a shape that is recognizable and reminds the viewer of objects seen in nature
abstract shape
a simple or complex rearrangement, alteration, distortion of the representation of natural appearance used for stylistic distinction
oblique (type)
a slanting version of a face, similar to italic without script quality of a true italic
serif (type)
a small stroke added to the upper or lower end of the main stroke of a character
italics (type)
a specifically designed style variant of a typeface within a type family, has cursive origins, slants to the right
pantone color system
a standardized system of color matching inks used in the printing process
upsampling
adding pixels to a composition to give the appearance of a higher resolution, computer repeats the pixel info it already has and repeats pixels
examples of slab serif
american typewriter, clarendon, bookman
inspiration board
an arrangement of other work and images that appeal to you to promote visual brainstorming
line
an elongated point, a mark made by a tool, has distinct qualities
asymmetry
an equal distribution of visual weight on one side of the composition
symmetry
an equal distribution of visual weights, mirrored weight on both sides
raster graphics
an image comprised of pixels arranged in a matrix
mood board
an organized collage with images, typefaces, colors, textures, and object samples
hue
base color of the rainbow
examples of transitional
baskerville, century and itc zapf
examples of script
brush script, snell roundhand
examples of old style/ humanist
caslon, garamond, times new roman
saturation
color intensity
low contrast values
colors in a narrow ranges of values
high contrast values
colors in a wide range of values
web safe colors
colors that are consistent and reliable when viewed on windows or apple and different browsers
pattern
consistent repetition of a single visual unit within a given area with directional movement
shoulder (type)
curved stroke of the lowercase h, m or n
cmyk
cyan, magenta, yellow and key, used for print
what are some functions of a line?
define shapes, edges, forms; create images, letters, patterns; define area and boundaries; organize a composition; create a line of vision
typeface
design of a single set of characters unified by consistent visual properties
weight (type)
determined by the thickness of the stroke compared to the height, ex: light, medium and bold weights
examples of modern
didot, bodoni, walbaum
additive colors
digital colors in screen based media, mixtures of light
open type font format
digital fonts that work on multiple platforms, can support more character sets, access more features, support multiple languages all in a single font
tactile texture
have actual qualities of touch, can be physically felt
legibility
how easily a person can recognize the letters in a typeface
resolution
how many pixels are in a given unit of measurement
brightness
how much light is being added to the color
visual textures
illusions of real texture, created by hand
type family
includes many style variations of a single typeface
why is negative space important?
integral part of composition, the background actually has a shape-->negative shapes, allows you to consider the whole space
how can emphasis be achieved?
isolation, placement, scale, contrast, pointers
jpeg
joint picture expert group
how do we see colors?
light hits an objects some light is absorbed and some is reflected, the light thats reflected is visible to humans, ex: a tomato absorbs all light but red light so we see red
what are some of the uses for graphics made in illustrator?
logos, typography, graphics, posters, maps
color value
luminosity level, lightness or darkness of a color
correspondence
managing design elements to create similarites in form, ex: a company's letterhead, envelope and business cards
solid line
mark as it is drawn across a surface
what are some of indesigns uses?
multi page publications, newspapers, magazines, business cards, posters
text type
narrative content, set smaller that titles, subtitles, or headlines, aka body copy
focal point
part of a design that is most emphasized
grouping
perceiving visual unites by location, orientation, similarity to other objects, shape, and color
what is the workflow from program to program?
photoshop, illustrator, indesign, acrobat
ppi
pixels per inch
png
portable network graphic
subtractive colors
print colors, surface subtracts all light waves except the waves containing the color the viewer sees
rgb
red green and blue light, combined light only viewed on computer screens
figure/ground (aka positive and negative space)
refers to the relationship of shapes, figure to ground, on a 2d surface., foreground/background relationship
visual weight
relative amount of visual attraction or emphasis an element carries in a composition
what are some of photoshops uses?
retouching images, manipulating images, collages
old style/ humanist type
roman typefaces introduced in late 15th century, angled and bracketed serifs, biased stress
examples of blackletter
rotunda, fraktur, old london
transitional type
serif typefaces introduced in 18th century, transition from old style to modern, has design elements of both
modern type
serif typefaces, introduced in late 19th century, more geometirc, great thick thin stroke contrast, vertical stress, most symmetrical
what aspects should be considered when designing something with type?
shape, proportion, balance, integrated with visuals, readable, respect margins, transitions, spacing
what contributes to an elements visual weight?
size, shape, value, color, texture, position
point
smallest unit of a line, visible single pixel of light
categories of line
solid, implied, edges, line of vision
balance
stability created by an even distribution of visual weight on each side of the center, even distribution of weight of all elements in the composition
true type font format
standard for digital type built into windows and mac
type 1 font format
standard format of digital type for every computer platform, prints on almost every printer
typographic shapes
stylized shapes that represent sounds of language, has properties of basic shapes
downsampling
subtracting pixels from a composition
radial balance
symmetry done through a combination of horizontally and vertically oriented symmetry
texture
tactile quality of a surface
axis (type)
the angle of stress of the round part of a character
stress (type)
the angle of the major axis of the stroke of a letter
visual hierarchy
the arrangement of all graphic elements according to emphasis
baseline (type)
the bottom of capital and lowercase letters, excluding descenders
foot (type)
the bottom portion of a character
reflected color
the colors we see on the surfaces of objects in our environment
thick/thin contrast (type)
the comparative thickness of the strokes in a typeface, amount of difference between the weight of thick and thin strokes
link (type)
the connecting stroke between a two story lowercase g
format
the defined perimeter and the area it encloses of a design, refers to the format of the design project
tail (type)
the descender of a Q when it descends below the baseline
terminal (type)
the end of a stroke not terminated with a serif
vertex (type)
the foot of a pointed letter
cap height (type)
the height of a capital letter from the baseline to the top of the cap
x height (type)
the height of a lowercase letter, excluding ascenders and descenders
bar (type)
the horizontal stroke connecting two sides of a letter form, ex: A, H
loop (type)
the lower portion of the two story lowercase g
spine (type)
the main curved stroke of the s
stem (type)
the main upright stroke of a character
edges (line)
the meeting point or boundary line between shapes and tones
line of vision
the movement of the viewers eye as it scans the composition, directional line
descender (type)
the part of lowercase characters that falls below the baseline
ascender (type)
the part of lowercase letters that rises above the x height
alignment
the positioning of visual elements relative to each other so that their edges line up
ear (type)
the projecting small stroke on the bowl of the g
negative space (ground)
the shapes/area created between and among figures
scale
the size of an element in relation to other elements
counter (type)
the space enclosed by the strokes of a letter
readability
the text is easy to read, can be read without frustration
hairline (type)
the thin stroke of a roman character
head (type)
the top portion of a letter
how is color used in graphic design?
to create a focal point, as symbols, cultural and emotional associations, brand personality, illusion of 3d space, illusion of movement, can enhance or distract from legibility of type, can be associated with styles, history, techniques
why make a mood board?
to give the client a better idea of what the finished product will look like, to defend your stylistic choices and to help the client design what visual elements they want
why make an inspiration board?
to kickstart imagination, to research success or lack of in previous visual techniques, to compare and contrast competitors, to reference if you get stuck but not to copy
ligature (type)
two or more characters linked together
blackletter type
typefaces based on 13th-15th century medieval manuscript letter forms, aka gothic, heavy stroke weight, condensed letters, few curves
display type
typefaces designed for use in larger sizes, used for headlines and titles, difficult to read as text type, decorated, elaborate
script type
typefaces that resemble handwriting, letters slant, are often joined, can imitate the different mediums handlettering is done in
slab serif
typefaces with heavy slablike serifs, introduced in the 19th century
sans serif
typefaces without serifs, introduced in early 19th century, has subcategories
properties of a shape
2d, can be created by lines, color, tone or texture, can be measured by height and width
what is the resolution for computer screens?
72 ppi