GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 6

Early studies of capacity of short-term memory suggest that most people could remember approximately blank bits of information

7,3,5

Of the following, which is the most similar to the concept of long-term memory?

A computer hard drive

Aaron has no memory of how he got home from a party he then convinces himself that he must have been abducted by aliens while walking home. Subsequentially, he is hypnotized in an attempt to help increase his memories of that evening. Based on the research of memory recall through hypnosis, what might he learned?

Aaron may unknowingly create false memories of what happened that night just to justify his belief

The most common type of dementia experienced by adults and the elderly is ____________ disease

Alzheimer's

Henry Gustav, in famously known as H. M. Was unable to form new declarative memories. He suffered from what psychologists call

Anterograde amnesia

The key component for any person to believe that a false event is in fact true is to make sure that the false information is

As plausible as possible

The tendency of certain elements to enter long-term memory with little or no effort to encode and organize them is what defines

Automatic encoding

_______ memories are said to linger in the mind for a few seconds, allowing people the chance to keep the flow of conversations and remember what was just said

Echoic

Which type of memory best explains the "what" phenomenon

Echoic sensory memory

Amber meets a cute guy named Carson at a party. She wants to make sure she remembers his name so she reminds yourself that he has the same name as the capital of Nevada. This transferring of information from short-term memory to long-term memory is an example of what type of rehearsal

Elaborative

You're surprised by the fact you cannot remember if Abraham Lincolns head faces the left or the right onto Piney. This is all the more surprising given the fact that you work with money at your job in nearly a daily basis what would best describe such an inability to recall this information

Encoding failure

What concept suggests that the best place to study for your psychology final to ensure good retrieval of concepts is your psychology class room?

Encoding specificity

According to Sperling what is the capacity of iconic memory

Everything that can be seen at one time

Research by Elizabeth Loftus shows the eyewitness recognition is very prone to what psychologist call

False positive

The ability to remember where you were and what you were doing when the United States was attacked on September 11 is an example of

Flashbulb memory

In the case of Henry Gustav Molaison (H.M.), the memory problems that he experienced appeared after brain surgery was performed in an attempt to relieve a severe case of epilepsy. In this surgery, Molaison's _____________ and adjacent medial temporal lobe structures were removed, inadvertently leading to an inability to store any new personal or factual information.

Hippocampi

Research has demonstrated you can enhance your memory for specific words if you think about its meeting, how it can be used, and by giving a personal example of its use. This is best accounted for by which model of memory?

Levels of processing model

In Loftus's 1978 study, subjects viewed a slide presentation of an accident. Later some of the subjects were asked a question about a yield sign when the actual slides contain pictures of a stop sign. When presented with this an accurate information, how did the subjects typically respond?

Many subjects overall accuracy dropped when confronted with conflicting information.

Mary has just met an attractive man named Austin at a party. She wants to make sure she remembers his name. What should she do

Mary should make it more meaningful. For example, she might remind herself that Austin has the same name is the capital of Texas

The semantic network model of memory suggests that the __________ nodes you must pass through to access information, the longer it will take for you to recall information.

More

Brenda has been able to tie her shoes since she was four but now find it difficult to explain to her baby brother how to tie his shoes but she can easily demonstrate it for him. Brenda's memory for shoe tying his best characterized as blank memory

Non-declarative (implicit)

______________ memory includes what people can do or demonstrate, whereas _______________ memory is about what people know and can report.

Nondeclarative; declarative

In Hermannn Ebbinghau's classic study on memory and the forgetting curve, how long after learning the lists does most forgetting happen

One hour

Which model of memory suggests that memory processes occur throughout a neutral network simultaneously?

Parallel distributed processing model

Phineas walks out of his office and into the conference room. However, after he leaves his office, he forgets what he was coming into the conference room for. According to the encoding specificity hypothesis, what should Phineas do to regain his lost memory?

Phineas should return to his office to help him remember what he had forgotten.

Your mother tells you to dress for success at your interview because it's all about first impressions. In other words, she's telling you that people often remember what the sea first. This belief is in line with what element of memory

Primacy effect

The steps to memory can be described as follows

Putting it in, keeping it in, getting it out

Ruth has just finished her research paper and handed it in. As she walks out of the classroom, she realizes that there were a few more things she should have included in the paper. Ruth's problem is in the memory process of what?

Retrieval

Human memory consists of multiple systems that have the ability to store information for periods of time that range from ____ to _____

Seconds; our lifetime

Information enters into short-term memory through a process known as

Selective attention

For information to travel from sensory memory to short-term memory it must first be blank and then and coated primarily into _____ form

Selectively attended two: auditory

When you take your final exam in your psychology class what type of memory will you most certainly need to ask us to answer each question?

Semantic

Jacqueline had written a grocery list but accidentally left it at home. Trying to remember the list, Jacqueline remembers what was at the beginning of the west and what was at the end but not those things in the middle this is an example of

Serial position Effect

When creating a presentation many public speaking instructors will tell you to develop a strong opening or attention getter to your presentation as well as a good summary and finish. What aspect of memory best explains the suggestions

Serial position phenomenon

Felicia can recall with great detail the date of her wedding and all that occurred. What might psychologist say about these particular flashbulb memories

The memories were likely enhanced in part by the hormones released during emotional moments

Which of the following is an example of a test using recognition?

True-false

You are introduced to someone at a party. While talking with the person, you realize that you have already forgotten the person's name. What amount of time does it typically take before such information is lost from short-term memory?

Typically between 12 and 30 seconds

T.J. was in a car accident and suffered a concussion. After he recovered, he found that he could not remember the accident itself or the events of the morning leading up to the accident. T.J. had which kind of amnesia?

anterograde

Shantel spent a year living abroad in Spain. During that time, her ability to read and speak Spanish grew tremendously. However, now, two years later, Shantel feels she can no longer travel there because she can barely remember a thing. Her problem is most likely due to:

decay theory

Collin is asked to repeat what his mother just told him. He says he "forgot" but in reality Collin wasn't paying attention to his mother at all. This is an example of the _______________ explanation of forgetting.

encoding failure

Henry Gustav Molaison (H.M.) suffered from profound anterograde amnesia after his __________________ were surgically removed in an attempt to control his seizures.

hippocampi

Thomas is preparing a study for his final exam tomorrow, which is cumulative. He buys 4 energy bars, 3 energy drinks,a dn large cup of coffee at the convenience store so that he can go home and attempt to study the entire book overnight. Cramming is an example of __________ practice.

massed

Research strongly suggests that short-term memories are stored in the ____________, while memories of fear are stored in the ____________.

prefrontal cortex; amygdala

Raven has just finished learning a list of nonsense words given to her by her psychology instructor as part of a class activity. She had 100 percent recall at the end of class. According to Ebbinghaus's curve of forgetting, how quickly will Raven likely forget about 40 percent of the information she has just learned?

within the first 20 minutes after leaving the class