General Psychology Chapter 1
________ is to animal research as ________ is to human research.
IACUC, IRB
Who is generally recognized as the founder of American psychology?
James
Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?
John Watson
The empirical method of study is based on ________.
Observation
According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ___.
study the function of behavior
Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.
the behavior of the whole mind rather than individual parts
What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.
the word emotional should be changed to the word cognitive
What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior.
the word subconscious should be changed to conscious
Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?
Sigmund Freud
William James was the ________.
first American psychologist
psychoanalytic theory
focuses on the role of the unconscious affecting conscious behavior
Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.
another person's consciousness
Sandra wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. In which area of psychology should she work?
counseling psychology
______ research collects data at the same time while ______ research collects data over time.
cross-sectional; longitudinal
a major advantage of case studies is___.
detailed information
Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?
the rise of behaviorism overshadowed gestalt psychology
Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.
studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes
A dependent variable is
measured
When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait.
openness
Researchers must ________ important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined.
operationalize
Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify
developmental psychology
Regarding training to work in the field of psychology, which of the following statements is least true?
. The bachelor's degree is recognized as the entry-level degree for professional work in some specialty areas like school psychology and industrial/organizational psychology.
In Milgram's controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure
2/3
Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?
Carl Rogers
What is a PsyD?
Doctor of psychology
In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.
Five Factor
A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.
Gestalt psychology
Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.
Max Wertheimer
Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?
Wilhelm Wundt
What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience research?
average people will harm others if told to do so by authority
Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?
bachelor's degree
Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?
examination of anatomy and physiology
Which of the following is least part of obtaining informed consent?
explaining the hypothesis to participants
functionalism
focused on how mental activities help an organism adapt to its environment
I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.
operant conditioning
For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.
perceivable and measurable
An emphasis on the unconscious and early childhood experience characterizes which school of psychology?
psychodynamic
Behaviorists all focus on ________.
psychological responses that result in action
Clinical psychologists are to ______ as counseling psychologists are to _______.
psychopathology; normal human adjustment issues
________ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study.
random sampling
In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.
random sampling; random group assignment
According to Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.
reinforcement and punishment
Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.
replication
Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.
social psychology
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.
structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism
Wundt is to _______ as James is to _______.
structuralism; functionalism
Scientific hypotheses are ________ and falsifiable
testable
According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?
the interaction of biological, pyschological, and social factors
introspection
the process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts
Which of the following best describes a criticism of structuralism?
the process was highly subjective
Structuralism
understanding the conscious experience through introspection
Which term best captures the meaning of the word "gestalt?"
whole
Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first.
wilhelm wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky
In a study of mate preference differences between men and women that spanned 37 cultures, the researcher found that men value youthful appearance more than women because
youthful looks provide fertility clues