General Psychology Chapter 1

________ is to animal research as ________ is to human research.

IACUC, IRB

Who is generally recognized as the founder of American psychology?

James

Which of the following psychologists was a behaviorist?

John Watson

The empirical method of study is based on ________.

Observation

According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to ___.

study the function of behavior

Functionalist psychologists focus on the function of behavior and ________.

the behavior of the whole mind rather than individual parts

What should be changed to make the following statement true? Jean Piaget is famous for his theories regarding changes in emotional ability that occur as we move from infancy to adulthood.

the word emotional should be changed to the word cognitive

What should be changed to make the following sentence true? Sigmund Freud believed that understanding the unconscious mind was critical to understand subconscious behavior.

the word subconscious should be changed to conscious

Which theorist published research related to the psychology of personality?

Sigmund Freud

William James was the ________.

first American psychologist

psychoanalytic theory

focuses on the role of the unconscious affecting conscious behavior

Introspection refers to a process by which someone examines ________ as objectively as possible.

another person's consciousness

Sandra wants to focus on the emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychologically healthy. In which area of psychology should she work?

counseling psychology

______ research collects data at the same time while ______ research collects data over time.

cross-sectional; longitudinal

a major advantage of case studies is___.

detailed information

Which of the following is a reason that Gestalt psychology did not become more popular in the United States?

the rise of behaviorism overshadowed gestalt psychology

Behaviorism focuses on making psychology an objective science by ________.

studying overt behavior and deemphasizing the importance of unobservable mental processes

A dependent variable is

measured

When studying personality traits, someone who is practical, conventional, and prefers routine will score low on the ________ trait.

openness

Researchers must ________ important concepts in their studies so others would have a clear understanding of exactly how those concepts were defined.

operationalize

Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify

developmental psychology

Regarding training to work in the field of psychology, which of the following statements is least true?

. The bachelor's degree is recognized as the entry-level degree for professional work in some specialty areas like school psychology and industrial/organizational psychology.

In Milgram's controversial study on obedience, nearly ________ of the participants were willing to administer what appeared to be lethal electrical shocks to another person because they were told to do so by an authority figure

2/3

Which theorist had the most influence in shaping how clinicians interact with people seeking psychotherapy?

Carl Rogers

What is a PsyD?

Doctor of psychology

In the study of personality, the ________ model includes dimensions of conscientiousness, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, and extroversion.

Five Factor

A series of dots arranged in the shape of a face will be perceived as a face, not a series of dots. A psychologist studying this phenomenon is applying the principals of ________.

Gestalt psychology

Based on your reading, which theorist would have been most likely to agree with this statement: Perceptual phenomena are best understood as a combination of their components.

Max Wertheimer

Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist?

Wilhelm Wundt

What was the primary conclusion of Stanley Milgram's obedience research?

average people will harm others if told to do so by authority

Which of the following degrees would be the minimum required to teach psychology courses in high school?

bachelor's degree

Which of the following is an example of an objective measure used by functionalists?

examination of anatomy and physiology

Which of the following is least part of obtaining informed consent?

explaining the hypothesis to participants

functionalism

focused on how mental activities help an organism adapt to its environment

I provide Ralph with the positive reinforcement of a candy bar when he does something I like. I punish him by squirting him with a squirt gun when he does something I don't like. I am applying the principles of ________ in an attempt to modify Ralph's behavior.

operant conditioning

For a scientific explanation to be testable, it must also be ________.

perceivable and measurable

An emphasis on the unconscious and early childhood experience characterizes which school of psychology?

psychodynamic

Behaviorists all focus on ________.

psychological responses that result in action

Clinical psychologists are to ______ as counseling psychologists are to _______.

psychopathology; normal human adjustment issues

________ means that everyone in the population has the same likelihood of being asked to participate in the study.

random sampling

In order to maximize the chances that experimental groups represent the population of interest, researchers should conduct ________ and ________.

random sampling; random group assignment

According to Sigmund Freud and other psychoanalysts, all of the following represent ways to access the unconscious mind except through ________.

reinforcement and punishment

Stan and Jenny are in a psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________.

replication

Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ________.

social psychology

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first.

structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism

Wundt is to _______ as James is to _______.

structuralism; functionalism

Scientific hypotheses are ________ and falsifiable

testable

According to the biopsychosocial model, what determines health?

the interaction of biological, pyschological, and social factors

introspection

the process by which someone examines their own conscious experience in an attempt to break it into its component parts

Which of the following best describes a criticism of structuralism?

the process was highly subjective

Structuralism

understanding the conscious experience through introspection

Which term best captures the meaning of the word "gestalt?"

whole

Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theorists, with the earliest theorist listed first.

wilhelm wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky

In a study of mate preference differences between men and women that spanned 37 cultures, the researcher found that men value youthful appearance more than women because

youthful looks provide fertility clues