General Psychology- Exam 3 (chapter 10)

Most animals and human children under ______ old see their mirror image as another creature. a) 6 months b) 12 months c) 18 months d) 24 months

d) 24 months

Which of the following is NOT a stage of creative problem solving? a) preparation b) incubation c) elaboration-verification d) convergent thinking

d) convergent thinking

Which of the following is not a solution strategy that psychologists use to describe how to solve problems? a) algorithms b) insight c) thinking outside the box d) crystallized intelligence

d) crystallized intelligence

______ involves raw mental ability, pattern recognition, and abstract reasoning. a) multiple intelligence b) crystallized intelligence c) g-factor inteligence d) fluid intelligence

d) fluid intelligence

______ is the tendency to be blind to unusual uses of common everyday things or procedures. a) insight b) thinking outside the box c) algorithm d) functional fixedness

d) functional fixedness

_____ is a set of cognitive skills that includes abstract thinking, reasoning, problem solving, and the ability to acquire knowledge. a) validity b) mathematical ability c) creativity d) intelligence

d) intelligence

Which of the following is NOT a component described in Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence? a) analytical b) creative c) practical d) interpersonal

d) interpersonal

In honor of _____, sudden solutions are referred to as Eureka solutions. a) Euripedes b) Archimedes c) Raymond Cattell d) George de Mestral

b) Archimedes

Which theorist hypothesized that there was both fluid and crystallized intelligence? a) David Wechsler b) Raymond Cattell c) Howard Gardner d) Charles Spearman

b) Raymond Cattell

Contemporary experts agree that the best definition of intelligence includes which of the following? a) creativity b) abstract thinking c) interpersonal skills d) mathematical ability

b) abstract thinking

Sternberg's triarchic theory of intelligence includes a) practical, crystallized, and analytic intelligence b) analytic, creative, and practical intelligence c) analytic, crystallized, and fluid intelligence d) creative, practical, and fluid intelligence

b) analytic, creative, and practical intelligence

Corbin recently received his annual evaluation at work. His boss described him as "very insightful, always full of new ideas during our meetings, and his work is full of inventive and imaginative touches..." What type of intelligence does Corbin most likely possess? a) analytical b) creative c) practical d) interpersonal

b) creative

Brainstorming, when one comes up with as many solutions as possible, occurs as a part of a) convergent thinking b) divergent thinking c) conflicted thinking d) solution-oriented thinking

b) divergent thinking

Serita is 14 and her parents keep asking her what she wants to do with her life. As Serita thinks about her future, what type of future is she using? a) convergent thinking, because for Serita there is only one right answer for what she should do with the rest of her life b) divergent thinking, because there are many possibilities of what Serita could do as an adult c) convergent thinking, because there are many possibilities of what Serita could do as an adult d) divergent thinking, because for Serita there is only one right answer for what she should do with the rest of her life

b) divergent thinking, because there are many possibilities of what Serita could do as an adult

The inability to break out of a particular mindset to solve a problem is called a) cohort effect b) fixation c) nondeclarative memory d) compulsion

b) fixation

Which of the following types of intelligence is considered culture-free? a) interpersonal b) fluid c) verbal d) crystallized

b) fluid

In terms of intelligence, how is adaptive behavior defined? a) a child's mental age versus his or her chronological age b) how well a person adjusts to and copes with everyday life c) the ratio of normal to abnormal behavior someone exhibits d) a person who is extremely gifted in one academic area

b) how well a person adjusts to and copes with everyday life

American psychologist Robert Sternberg proposed that intelligence is a measure of a) general knowledge plus your ability to use that knowledge b) how you preform in the world every day c) a group of sensory modalities that is distinct from a single general ability d) the difference between verbal and non-verbal skills

b) how you preform in the world every day

According to Gardner, a) a single general ability underlies all of our abilities to adapt to our environment b) intelligence is a complex set of abilities made up of several distinct but related domains c) intelligence cannot be measured by paper-and-pencil tests d) intelligence cannot be improved with experience

b) intelligence is a complex set of abilities made up of several distinct but related domains

When researchers took brain images using fMRI and EEG while people were solving insight problems, they found that sudden insights consistently activated the a) left hemisphere more than the right hemisphere b) right hemisphere more than the left hemisphere c) left hemisphere equal to the right hemisphere d) cerebellum instead of the right or left cerebral hemisphere

b) right hemisphere more than the left hemisphere

What is ideational fluency? a) raw mental ability, pattern recognition, and abstract reasoning b) the ability to produce many ideas, which is the central to creative thought c) thinking of unusual and novel ideas d) a solution strategy that psychologists use to describe how to solve problems

b) the ability to produce many ideas, which is the central to creative thought

The phrase "thinking outside the box" comes from a) pandora's box b) the nine-dot problem c) the seven-square match problem d) the founding of UPS

b) the nine-dot problem

Divergent thinking is used when a) you need to follow logical steps to reach one correct solution b) there are many possible solutions, so you think in multiple directions c) there are no correct solutions available d) you generate a single solution to multiple problems

b) there are many possible solutions, so you think in multiple directions

What is predictive validity? a) the ability to receive similar scores on a test over time b) whether a construct is related positively to real-world outcomes c) when questions on a given subtest tend to correlate very highly with other items on the subtest d) when a test measures the concept it claims to measure

b) whether a construct is related positively to real-world outcomes

Insight into problems occurred much more frequently when the problem was presented in the a) right visual field and processed in the right hemisphere b) left visual field and processed in the left hemisphere c) right visual field and processed in the left hemisphere d) left visual field and processed in the right hemisphere

d) left visual field and processed in the right hemisphere

What is the highest IQ ever recorded? a) 188 b) 200 c) 228 d) 288

c) 228

How many intelligences did Gardner include in his theory of multiple intelligences? a) 4 b) 6 c) 8 d) 10

c) 8

Which of the following individuals has the highest recorded IQ ever? a) Albert Einstein b) Charles Darwin c) Marilyn vos Savant d) Stephen Hawking

c) Marilyn vos Savant

A single general ability that influences all areas of intellectual functioning is called the a) central domain b) multimodal approach c) g-factor d) primary factor

c) g-factor

What can Jester, a 4-year-old capuchin monkey do? a) he can produce new behaviors during innovative sessions b) he can recognize himself in his mirror image c) he can pick the lock on his cage d) he can produce new behaviors during innovative sessions, recognize himself in his mirror image, and can pick the lock on his cage

c) he can pick the lock on his cage

Jim loves the outdoors, and is interested in different types of plants and flowers. Jim also likes digging for fossils and old artifacts. Jim is most likely strong in which type of intelligence? a) linguistic b) kinesthetic c) naturalist d) logical

c) naturalist

Martin is thought of as being "street smart" rather than "book smart." Martin could be described as having a higher ______ intelligence and a lower ______ intelligence. a) analytical; practical b) practical; creative c) practical; analytical d) creative; practical

c) practical; analytical

Which of the following brain regions has been shown to be most involved in executing the tasks on intelligence tests? a) medulla b) insula c) prefrontal cortex d) pons

c) prefrontal cortex

Creativity is thought or behavior that is both a) original-adaptive and novel-useful b) original-adaptive and novel-original c) novel-adaptive and original-adaptive d) novel-original and useful-adaptive

d) novel-original and useful-adaptive

Terry often gets lost when driving places, has difficulty understanding maps, and often confuses north with south. Terry is probably weak in which type of intelligence? a) linguistic b) kinesthetic c) logical d) spatial

d) spatial

Bertram has decided to spend some of his free time over the holiday completing a woodworking project in his garage. Which of the following answers about Bertram's choice is correct? a) Bertram used divergent thinking because there was not one correct solution to what he should do during his holiday free time b) Bertram used convergent thinking because he reached a single conclusion c) Bertram used convergent thinking because he chose to do something fun during his holiday d) Bertram used divergent thinking because he worked through multiple problems in his life to create free time over his holiday

a) Bertram used divergent thinking because there was not one correct solution to what he should do during his holiday free time

Who developed the first theory of intelligence? a) Charles Spearman b) Raymond Cattell c) David Wechsler d) Alfred Binet

a) Charles Spearman

Charles Spearman's concept of the g-factor states that intelligence is a) a general or overarching ability b) based on interpersonal dynamics c) too ill-defined to measure d) a composite of unrelated traits

a) a general or overarching ability

Intelligence tests were first designed to a) address clinical concerns b) highlight student achievement c) understand what intelligence is d) create barriers in immigration

a) address clinical concerns

According to Sternberg, the ability to evaluate, compare, and contrast information is part of ________ intelligence. a) analytic b) creative c) traditional d) practical

a) analytic

Componential intelligence is also known as ______ intelligence. a) analytical b) creative c) practical d) interpersonal

a) analytical

Which obstacle prevents individuals from being able to find solutions to the seven-square match problem? a) cognitive fixation b) thinking outside the box c) algorithms d) functional fixedness

a) cognitive fixation

Intelligence tests are examples of which type of problem? a) convergent thinking b) divergent thinking c) convergent and divergent thinking d) neither convergent nor divergent thinking

a) convergent thinking

Which of the following types of intelligence involves coming up with fresh and useful ideas for solving problems? a) creative intelligence b) fluid intelligence c) practical intelligence d) analytic intelligence

a) creative intelligence

Modern neuroscience supports the conclusion that creative problem solving and insights involve ______ activity. a) frontal lobe b) occipital lobe c) parietal lobe d) temporal lobe

a) frontal lobe

In the measurement of intelligence, _______________ age is the chronological age at which a test-taker's score would be an average performance. a) mental b) chronological c) crystallized d) prodigy

a) mental

William Stern introduced the intelligence ratio in which a) mental age is divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100 b) chronological age is multiplied by mental age and divided by 100 c) mental age is multiplied by chronological age and divided by 100 d) chronological age is divided by mental age and multiplied by 100

a) mental age is divided by chronological age and multiplied by 100

In g-factor theory of intelligence, a person who scores a 100 on an intelligence test is generally a) more intelligent than a person who scores an 85 b) less intelligent than a person who scores an 85 c) equally intelligent with a person who scores an 85 d) none of the answer choices are correct

a) more intelligent than a person who scores an 85

In Professor de Waal's 2006 study, the elephants that saw their reflection touched the mark above their eye. This type of behavior demonstrates a) self-awareness b) self-esteem c) self-actualization d) self-presentation

a) self-awareness

Anthea is people smart, good at reading the feelings and emotions of others, and can predict other people's intentions. According to Gardner, for which occupation is Anthea well suited? a) social worker b) critic c) tour guide d) author

a) social worker

Reliability over time is referred to as a) test-retest reliability b) interrater reliability c) internal reliability d) construct reliability

a) test-retest reliability

Convergent thinking is required to solve all of the following EXCEPT a) solving a multiple-choice test question for your biology class b) writing an essay to accompany your graduate school application c) determining whether your electric bill has been paid this month d) finding out whether your family will be coming to visit for the holidays

b) writing an essay to accompany your graduate school application

Why do dogs appear to understand what humans say? a) they understand voice tones b) they may understand that words pick out certain kinds of objects in the world c) they understand voice tones and may understand that words pick out certain kinds of objects in the world d) they have the same language as humans

c) they understand voice tones and may understand that words pick out certain kinds of objects in the world

Which of the following domains now tested in many intelligence assessments was largely ignored prior to 1985? a) verbal comprehension b) perceptual reasoning c) working memory d) mathematical ability

c) working memory