Genetic Engineering Review

Crops have been genetically modified to become more tolerant to stresses such as _____. a. Insect pests b. Drought c. A and B d. None of the above

A and B

Some people are concerned that genetically modified crops could be: Unsafe for consumers Unsafe for the environment Too full of nutrients A and B

A and B

Gene cloning involves: Isolation Ligation Transformation and selection All of the above

All of the above

The ethical arguments for the GM crops include: Improve diets in developing countries Efficiency of food production Safety and purity of food All of the above

All of the above

Select all possible answers: Which of the following would be considered ethical, legal or social issues related to genetic engineering? a. Are genetically modified foods safe to eat? b. Who controls your genetic information? c. Who owns genetically modified organisms? d. How far should we go to ensure children are free of serious mutations?

Are genetically modified foods safe to eat? , Who controls your genetic information? , Who owns genetically modified organisms? , How far should we go to ensure children are free of serious mutations?

Fill in the blank(s): ____________________ is the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes.

Biotechnology

________________ is the use of technology to change the genetic makeup of living things for human purposes.

Biotechnology

Genetically modified foods can be useful because: a. They be sprayed with less or no pesticide b. They can produce more food c. Both A and B d. None of the above

Both A and B

One concern that has been raised about genetically modified foods is/are that they: a. Might negatively affect ecosystems where they are grown b. Might cause unknown health issues Both A and B None of the above

Both A and B

Using biotechnology, scientists have produced plants that: a. Can grow in salty soil b. Can grow in volcanic rock c. Both A and B d. None of the above

Can grow in salty soil

Purple tomatoes produced by scientists using biotechnology techniques could help in fighting against _____. Deafness Cancer Arthritis All of the above

Cancer

DNA amplification requires _____. a. Cellulase b. DNA polymerase that can withstand high temperatures c. Both A and B d. All of the above

DNA polymerase that can withstand high temperatures

The first step in PCR is _____. Extension Denaturing Annealing Cooling

Denaturing

True or False: Biotechnology has not been used to create transgenic crops.

False

True or False: Biotechnology helps in nuclear energy inventions.

False

True or False: ELSI is not associated with the Human Genome project.

False

True or False: Food produced from GM (genetically modified) crops has low nutritional value.

False

True or False: Genetic engineering cannot produce human proteins from bacteria.

False

Fill in the blank(s): ELSI programs are important because they have identified and addressed implications of the ____________________ ____________________ Project since its inception.

Human, Genome

Fill in the blank(s): The goals of the ____________________ ____________________ Project is to understand the genetic make-up of the human species by determining the DNA sequence of the human genome and the genome of a few model organisms.

Human, Genome

Fill in the blank(s): ____________________ was the first human protein to be made in bacteria.

Insulin

The first human protein to be produced through genetic engineering is _____. a. Insulin b. Keratin c. Both A and B d. None of the above

Insulin

Which of the following is NOT a step of PCR? Extension Annealing Isolation Denaturing

Isolation

Fill in the blank(s): ____________________ combines a gene of interest with a plasmid.

Ligation

Fill in the blank(s): ____________________ is a repeating series of cycles used to amplify a specific region of a DNA strand millions of times.

PCR (or) Polymerase Chain Reaction

The field that is tailoring medical treatments to fit our genetic profiles is called _____. Pharmacogenomics Genomics Pharmacology None of the above

Pharmacogenomics

Select all possible answers: Which of the following are benefits of transgenic crops? a. Plants that produce beneficial medicines. b. Plants that resist insect pests. c. Plants that produce more food. d. Plants that taste better.

Plants that produce beneficial medicines. , Plants that resist insect pests. , Plants that produce more food. , Plants that taste better.

DNA that results when DNA from two organisms is combined is known as: a. Changed DNA b. Recombinant DNA c. Both A and B d. None of the above

Recombinant DNA

Fill in the blank(s): Complete the sentence using one of the following terms: Recombinant DNA, DNA ligase, or Taq polymerase. ____________________ is the DNA that results when DNA from two organisms is combined during ligation.

Recombinant DNA

Two enzymes that are needed in gene cloning are: a. RNA polymerase and DNA polymerase b. Polymerase and transcriptase c. Polymerase and ligase d. Restriction enzyme and ligase

Restriction enzyme and ligase

What is an ethical concern around mutations in children? Who owns genetically modified organisms such as bacteria? Should a pregnancy be ended if the fetus has a mutation for a serious genetic disorder? What safeguards ensure that a person's genetic information is kept private? Are genetically engineered crops safe for the environment?

Should a pregnancy be ended if the fetus has a mutation for a serious genetic disorder?

ELSI stands for Ethical, Legal and _____. Social Issues Society Issues Both A and B None of the above

Social Issues

The field of biology involved in engineering new functions from living systems is _____. Synthetic biology Botany Zoology None of the above

Synthetic biology

What is the function of DNA ligase in the gene cloning process? a. To join isolated genes with plasmid DNA b. To cut DNA at restriction sites c. Both A and B d. None of the above

To join isolated genes with plasmid DNA

Fill in the blank(s): ____________________ inserts a recombinant DNA into a living cell, often a bacteria

Transformation

Fill in the blank(s): ____________________ crops have been modified with genes that code for traits useful to humans.

Transgenic

Crops that have been genetically modified with new genes that code for traits useful to humans are called _____. Transgenic crops New crops Transformed crops None of the above

Transgenic crops

True or False: "How do we prepare the public to make informed choices?" is an important issue associated with the Human Genome project.

True

True or False: "Who owns and controls genetic information?" is an important issue associated with the Human Genome project.

True

True or False: Biotechnology is important in the realms of food production and medicine.

True

True or False: Biotechnology will have a tremendous impact on our future.

True

Select all possible answers: Which of the following are ethical, legal, or social issues raised by biotechnology? Who controls a person's genetic information? Are foods with DNA safe? How far should we go to ensure that children are free of mutations? Are genetically modified foods safe to eat?

Who controls a person's genetic information? , How far should we go to ensure that children are free of mutations? , Are genetically modified foods safe to eat?

Yes or No: Could sequencing a person's genome tell that person if they are predisposed to develop a certain disease?

Yes

Select all possible answers: Applications of genetic information include agriculture. forensics. medicine.

agriculture, forensics, and medicine

Choose the main step(s) that occur during the PCR. denaturation of the double stranded DNA annealing of specific oligonucleotide primers extension of the primers to amplify the region of DNA of interest all of the above

all of the above

Which of the following is a step in gene cloning? a. The use of restriction enzymes to cut DNA at specific location. b. Selection of bacteria with the recombinant DNA. c. Transformation of bacteria with the recombinant DNA. d. All of the above

all of the above

Fill in the blank(s): The genetic code told us of the ____________________ ____________________ coded for by each codon.

amino, acids

_________ involves cooling the single strands of DNA to allow the primers to bind to the DNA sequence. a. Denaturing b. Annealing c. Extension d. None of the above

annealing

Fill in the blank(s): T. aquaticus is a ____________________ that lives in hot springs and hydrothermal vent.

bacterium (or) bacteria

Fill in the blank(s): ____________________ is technology based on biological applications, combining many features of biology including genetics, molecular biology, biochemistry, embryology, and cell biology.

biotechnology

Fill in the blank(s): The ____________________ method, also known as the Sanger method, which makes use of a "defective" DNA nucleotide is the basis of DNA sequencing.

chain termination

________ refers to breaking the bonds that hold the two DNA strands together. Transformation Denaturing Ligation Annealing

denaturing

What is the correct order of the PCR steps. denaturing, annealing and extension annealing, extension, denaturing extension, denaturing, annealing denaturing, extension, annealing

denaturing, annealing and extension

The denaturation step of PCR disrupts the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of the DNA strands, yielding single strands of DNA. extends the primer by adding dNTPs, using one DNA strand as a template to create a the new DNA strand. allows the primers to bind to the single-stranded DNA template.

disrupts the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of the DNA strands, yielding single strands of DNA.

Restriction enzymes are enzymes used to cut DNA at a specific base sequence. For example, the enzyme EcoRI cuts DNA between the G and A in the GAATTC sequence. When would this or similar enzymes be used in gene cloning? a. during the isolation step b. during the ligation step c. during the selection step d. They would not be used.

during the isolation step

True or False: Biotechnology does not help people reduce the use of pesticides that kill insects.

false

True or False: Genetic engineering means altering lipids

false

True or False: Low temperatures are needed for the whole process of PCR.

false

True or False: Manipulation of DNA in order to modify an organism is known as tissue culture

false

True or False: New nucleotides are added to the growing chain by restriction enzymes

false

_________ is the process of isolating and making copies of genes. PCR Gene engineering Gene cloning Transformation

gene cloning

Genetic engineering refers to the use of technology to change the _________ of living things for human purposes. genes and alleles proteins genetic makeup DNA

genetic makeup

Fill in the blank(s): The ability to sequence and analyze one's ____________________ is both of tremendous value and tremendous concern.

genome

What is the correct order of steps in gene cloning? ligation, transformation, selection, isolation isolation, ligation, transformation, selection ligation, transformation, isolation, selection isolation, transformation, ligation, selection

isolation, ligation, transformation, selection

Typically, PCR is allowed to proceed for 30 or more cycles. If PCR begins with one piece of DNA, after just 20 cycles, how many strands of the amplified DNA will be present? 40 over 1,000,000 over 2,000,000 about 500,000

over 1,000,000

Fill in the blank(s): A____________________ refers to a short DNA segment that is used to initiate the extension step of the PCR cycle.

primer

Fill in the blank(s): DNA ____________________ is the method of determining the order of the DNA nucleotide bases.

sequencing

Fill in the blank(s): Taq polymerase is able to withstand the high ____________________ required to denature DNA during PCR.

temperatures

Complete this sentence: Recombinant DNA refers to the isolated gene inserted into plasmid DNA. large quantities of DNA. the isolated gene of interest. plasmid DNA from bacteria.

the isolated gene inserted into plasmid DNA.

During the annealing step of PCR, the primers bind to the single-stranded DNA template. the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of the DNA strands are broken. the primer are extended by adding dNTPs.

the primers bind to the single-stranded DNA template.

Why is selection a necessary step when cloning a gene? a. To make sure the bacteria have the recombinant DNA. b. To start the first PCR cycle. c. To make sure the ligation process worked. d. To isolate the cloned DNA.

to make sure the bacteria have the recombinant DNA

The step in gene cloning in which the recombinant DNA is inserted into a living cell, usually a bacterial cell, is _____. a. Isolation b. Transformation c. Ligation d. Selection

transformation

Animals that have had their DNA manipulated to possess and express a new (foreign) gene are known as: Transgenic animals Transformed animals New animals None of the above

transgenic animals

Which type of crops are genetically modified with new genes that code for traits useful to humans?

transgenic crops

True or False: A primer is a segment of nucleic acid that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis

true

True or False: Bacteria can be transformed to make human proteins.

true

True or False: Genetic engineering literally changes the genetic makeup to modify organisms

true

True or False: Most enzymes do not function at high temperatures. PCR is successful because the enzyme Taq Polymerase is still active at very high temperatures.

true

True or False: Most scientist believe GM foods are safe for human consumption.

true

The function of Taq polymerase is to: a. Start copying at the site where a DNA primer is attached to the desired gene b. Start copying at any point along a DNA strand c. Both A and B d. None of the above

Start copying at the site where a DNA primer is attached to the desired gene

Select all possible answers: Which is correct about oligonucleotide primers used in PCR? Taq Polymerase will extend the primers to create double stranded DNA. They will anneal to the corresponding segment of denatured DNA. They are made of single stranded RNA nucleotides. They are single stranded pieces of DNA that correspond to the 5' and 3' ends of the DNA region to be amplified.

Taq Polymerase will extend the primers to create double stranded DNA. , They will anneal to the corresponding segment of denatured DNA. , They are single stranded pieces of DNA that correspond to the 5' and 3' ends of the DNA region to be amplified.

Select all possible answers: During the PCR extension step, the hydrogen bonds between complementary bases of the DNA strands are disrupted. the primers bind to the single-stranded DNA template. Taq polymerase extends the primers by adding dNTPs. the enzyme uses one DNA strand as a template to create the other DNA strand.

Taq polymerase extends the primers by adding dNTPs. , the enzyme uses one DNA strand as a template to create the other DNA strand.

True or False: By the use of biotechnology, human proteins such as insulin can be produced.

True

True or False: ELSI programs help guide the conduct of genetic research and the development of related medical and public policies.

True

True or False: One concern about genetically modified crops is that the inserted genes may transfer out to wild crops.

True

True or False: The small, circular piece of DNA found in bacterial cells is called a cosmid

false

True or False: PCR can be used to amplify DNA from as little as just one cell.

true

True or False: Recombinant DNA can be created artificially.

true

True or False: Scientists have sequenced a consensus version of the human genome.

true

True or False: Sequencing DNA is necessary for the analysis of genes and the genome

true

True or False: Taq polymerase is a heat stable DNA polymerase able to withstand the high temperatures required to denature DNA during the PCR.

true

True or False: The applications of genetic information raise many ethical questions.

true

True or False: The making of identical copies of a gene is called cloning

true

True or False: The polymerase chain reaction (PCR) makes many copies of a gene or other DNA segment

true

True or False: Using the PCR technique, we can make many copies of DNA from one copy.

true

Select all possible answers: ELSI issues associated with the Human Genome Project include: a. Should testing be performed when no treatment is available? b. Who should have access to personal genetic information and how will it be used? c. How reliable and useful is fetal genetic testing? d. Who owns and controls genetic information?

Who should have access to personal genetic information and how will it be used?