Genetics

During gamete formation, the two alleles for a trait separate from one another. The gamete may end up with either of the two alleles. Which one of Mendel's two laws does this describe?

Law of Segregation

How many alleles do we have for each trait (think about chromosomes and how they are arranged)?

Two, one from mom and one from dad

What does a lowercase letter represent?

recessive allele

What is the expected probability of getting heads if you toss a coin 6 times. How many heads should you get if you toss it 50 times? 100?

3, 25, 50

Codominance and example:

A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. Blood groups A, B, AB, a1-antitrypsin deficiency

What is the difference between a dominant and recessive allele?

A dominant trait will appear if there is at least one dominant allele, recessive appears in the absence of a dominant allele. If one allele is dominant or two alleles are dominant, then the dominant allele determines the characteristic. For a recessive allele to be expressed, there must be two of them.

Give an example of a pure trait in Dalmatians.

A pure trait is a homozygous trait so it is a combination of the same two dominant alleles and recessive alleles. A pure trait is spots on Dalmations.

Who is considered the "father of Genetics"?

Gregor Mendel

If you are tall, you can either be homozygous tall or heterozygous tall. What is the difference?

If you are homozygous tall then the genotype is DD (or two dominant letters) and if you are heterozygous tall you are Dd.

If you have a dominant allele "A" which causes tallness, and a recessive allele "a" which causes shortness, would you expect to see more people that are tall or more that are short? Explain why.

It is expected for there to be more tall people because that trait is dominant.

Does probability tell you exactly how many times something will happen? If not, what does it tell you?

It tells you how many times something is likely to happen.

Explain the difference between a genotype and a phenotype using your own example.

The genotype is the genetic makeup of a cell (letters) and a phenotype is the observable characteristics.

What is incomplete dominance?

When one allele is not completely dominant over the other and there is a blending of traits. Dominant allele does not mask the recessive.

What is epistasis?

When the genotype of one gene determines whether another is expressed.

incomplete dominance and example

blending of alleles, red flower + white flower = pink flower

What does a capital letter represent?

dominant allele

Give an example of the difference between genes and alleles using a human trait. (You can be creative here).

gene is a trait, alleles are the versions of these traits. Gene is the code that says what your hair will turn out to be and the allele is how it will be expressed. So, an allele can be thin brown hair.

What is the difference between monohybrid and dihybrid crosses?

in dyhybrid crosses, the parents differ in two traits