Genetics Quiz 2

1. dCTP 2. UMP 3. ADP 4. Guanosine triphosphate

1. Nucleotide found in DNA with three phosphate groups 2. Nucleotide with ribose sugar and a single phosphate group 3. Nucleotide with ribose sugar with two phosphate groups 4. Nucleotide used to make RNA that contains three phosphate groups

longer

A fluorescent microscope is used to detect bound DNA probes in FISH. To detect the fluorescent molecules, the sample is illuminated with fluorescent light, and then the fluorescent molecule emits light at a(n) _____ wavelength, which is transmitted and detected.

cytidine

A nucleoside composed of the base cytosine attached to ribose is called ______.

deoxyadenosine

A nucleoside that is composed of the base adenine attached to a deoxyribose is called ______.

adenosine monophosphate

A nucleotide with one phosphate group, that is found only in RNA, and contains the nitrogenous base adenine is called _____.

3.4

A single turn of the DNA double-helix has a length of ____ nm.

nucleoside

A sugar, such as ribose or deoxyribose, attached to a base but not to a phosphate group is called a _____.

in situ

A technique called ________ hybridization can be used to localize a gene of interest due to the ability of a cloned DNA sequence to hybridize to a chromosome through complementary base pairing.

area of a few million base pairs on a specific chromosome

At best, cytogenetic mapping can localize a gene to a(n) ______.

order; linkage

Both DNA and RNA contain information for producing proteins within the cell. This information is contained in the ____ of nucleotides attached to each other with phosphodiester _____ that cannot become rearranged.

banding

Cytogeneticists can distinguish one chromosome from another based on the _____ patterns that are obtained when chromosomes are treated with certain dyes.

phosphate

DNA is negatively charged because of the negative charge found on the _____ groups in the DNA backbone.

phosphate; base; deoxyribose

DNA nucleotides have three main parts to their structure: at least one ____ group; a nitrogenous _____ ; and a 5 carbon sugar called _____.

guanine; cytosine

DNA sequences with a high proportion of base-pairs between ____ and ____ are most stable.

Fluorescently-labeled avidin binds to biotin that is attached to a single stranded DNA probe.

During FISH, how are fluorescent molecules localized to specific DNA sequences on chromosomes?

Chromosomes can be treated with dyes that produce unique banding patterns for each chromosome.

How can eukaryotic chromosomes be distinguished from one another in the microscope?

She conducted the X-ray diffraction experiments

How did Rosalind Franklin contribute to the discovery of the DNA double-helix structure?

Chromatography and Spectroscopy

Select the techniques used by Edwin Chargaff to analyze the base composition among different DNA samples.

Cytogenetic

The type of mapping in which a gene is localized to a site within a chromosomal banding pattern is _____ mapping.

models

To help them understand the data that Rosalind Franklin obtained by X-ray diffraction studies, Crick and Watson used molecular _____ to develop representations of the DNA double-helix.

Biotin

In a FISH experiment, what molecule is incorporated into the single stranded DNA probes that later allows for detection of the probes?

fairly crude because it relies on light microscopy.

The resolution of cytogenetic mapping is

Two sugars on adjacent nucleotides in DNA or RNA

What does a phosphodiester bond link together?

Ten

The X-ray diffraction data collected by Rosalind Franklin predicted that the DNA double-helix contains _____ , Incorrect Unavailable base-pairs per complete turn of the helix.

cytogenetic

In situ hybridization is a technique that is often used for ______ mapping.

1. Extract the chromosomal material from each cell type to be tested 2. Remove the protein 3. Hydrolyze the DNA to release the bases from the DNA strands 4. Separate the bases by chromatography 5. Extract bands from paper into solutions and determine the amounts of each base by spectroscopy 6. Calculate and compare the base content in the DNA from different organisms

Order the steps from first to last in the experiments carried out by Chargaff to analyze the base composition in different DNA samples.

1953

The structure of the DNA double-helix was discovered in the year ____.

That all nucleotides are linked together using the same kind of bond and that DNA is composed of nucleotides linked together into chains

What assumptions did Crick and Watson need to make to determine the double-stranded, helical structure of DNA?

The nucleotide

What is the fundamental repeating structural unit of DNA and RNA?

Phosphodiester linkage

What is the name for the type of bond connecting two sugar molecules via a phosphate group in the backbone of DNA and RNA?

Two; three

When adenine base pairs with thymine, ____ hydrogen bonds form, and when cytosine base pairs with guanine, _____ hydrogen bonds form.

Antiparallel

When one strand of DNA in a double helix has the chemical polarity 5' to 3', and the other, running in the opposite direction, has the chemical polarity 3' to 5', then it would be said that the two strands are ______.

Pairing a purine with a pyrimidine ensures a consistent diameter of the helix.

The AT/GC base-pairing rule requires that the purines (A and G) always base-pair with the pyrimidines (T and C). Why is this?

deoxyribonucleic acid; ribonucleic acid

The two types of nucleic acids are known as ______ and ______.