Genocide
What were Nazi ghettos?
Beginning with the invasion of Poland during World War II, the regime of Nazi Germany set up ghettos across occupied Europe in order to segregate and confine Jews, and sometimes Romani people, into small sections of towns and cities furthering their exploitation.
What are perpetrators?
Generally ordinary people who commit abnormal actions of evil, committing genocide for "preventive" reasons, due to peer-pressure, group solidarity, or obedience.
What are the four motives for genocidal violence?
Elimination of real or imagined threat, spreading terror among real or imagined enemies, acquiring economic wealth, or the implementation of a belief, theory or ideology.
What is antisemitism?
It is hostility to, prejudice, or discrimination against Jews. A person who holds such positions is called an antisemite. Antisemitism is generally considered to be a form of racism
What were the basis of exclusion of the Armenians by the Turks?
The decline of Turkish power and the steady territorial losses in the face of Balkan revolts and Russian military advances isolated the Armenians in a precarious situation. The Turkish government arrested and executed several hundred Armenian intellectuals. After that, ordinary Armenians were turned out of their homes and sent on death marches through the Mesopotamian desert without food or water.
What is a "bystander"?
An extent redundant; an impartial, aloof or detached person in the face of an ongoing genocide.
What are Hillberg's three stages of annihilation?
1. You cannot live among us as ____. (Conversion). 2. You cannot live among us. (Expulsion). 3. You cannot live.
How did bystanders contribute to the Holocaust?
After the war, many ordinary Germans and Europeans claimed that they were "not involved," that they were "bystanders" to the events of the Holocaust. They were passive and indifferent to the escalating persecution that culminated in the Holocaust.
What is Milgram's experiment?
An experiment focusing on the conflict between obedience to authority and personal conscience in which a person would ask questions to an actor and reward them with shocks per wrong answer coerced by an authoritative figure.
What is the difference between a genocide and other types of mass violence?
Genocide is defined as 'any of the following acts committed with intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial or religious group as such'. Mass killings do not necessarily need to follow the same criteria and merely refer to violence on a mass scale without a particular focus.
How is genocide carried out?
Genocide is delivered through starvation, illness, military action, slaughter, and war crimes.
What was the liquidation process of ghettos?
Hostages Police (Jewish) - quotas of people Blockages of houses/streets First to go - people from poorhouse ["points"], prisoners Last to go: Judenrat/Jewish police First Aktion; Second Aktion 1943 RESTGHETTOS - secondary ghettos
What are the steps to Genocide?
Humiliation: (Poland, in 1939) Dehumanization Robbery ("Aryanization") Branding, exclusion, isolation Concentration/deportation Killing Denial
What were the initial measures taken by Nazis against Jews?
None but those of German blood could be members of the state, Adolf Hitler blamed the loss of World War One on a Jewish conspiracy. Jews then were no longer citizens and could not marry non-Jews.
What was Aktion?
Operation involving the mass assembly, deportation, and murder of Jews by the Nazis during the Holocaust.
What caused the Rwanda genocide?
The genocide was sparked by the death of the Rwandan President Juvenal Habyarimana, a Hutu, when his plane was shot down above Kigali airport on 6 April 1994. Resentment among the Hutus gradually built up, culminating in a series of riots in 1959. More than 20,000 Tutsis were killed, and many more fled to the neighbouring countries of Burundi, Tanzania and Uganda.
What is Raul Hilberg's "triad"?
The three groups of people involved in a genocide: perpetrators, victims, and "bystanders".