Geo Chap 6

When did Migration from rural to urban areas begin in the in Europe and North America?

1800s

An estimated ___________undocumented immigrants entered the United States in 2009, most along the nearly 2,000-mile-long U.S.-___________ border guarded by about 17,000 federal agents.

300,000, Mexican

The United Nations High Commission for Refugees (UNHCR) estimates there are___________ million forcibly displaced persons in the world today

44 million

During the Industrial Revolution (1800s) The percentage of people living in urban areas in the United States, for example, increased from _______%in 1800 to _______% in 1920

5% to 50%

The MODERN ERA is roughly the last ______ years

500

Undocumented US Immigrants: Approximately ____ million undocumented immigrants are employed in the United States, accounting for around _______% of the total U.S. civilian labor force.

8, 5%

By some measures, nearly ________% of the population in the United States and other developed countries NOW live in urban areas.

90%

Although European countries today largely DISCOURAGES immigration, the region attracts immigrants from A_____& M_____ E______.

Africa and the Middle East

All countries experience at least some immigration and emigration, and the difference between them is called net migration.

All countries experience at least some All countries experience at least some ______ and ______, and the difference between them is called net migration. and the difference between them is called net migration.

After slavery was abolished, destitute (poor) people from this country came and worked for very little money, while they help build USA

China

The three largest flows of migrants are

From Asia to Europe From Asia to North America From Latin America to North America

The three largest flows of migrants are:

From Asia to Europe From Asia to North America From Latin America to North America

200,000 years ago.

Humans have always migrated, beginning with our earliest ancestors about

This has increased considerably in recent decades as economic disparities grow between wealthy and poor regions.

International migration

During _________________ improved communications, information about destinations, and transportation technologies have accelerated the flow of economic migrants between world regions.

LATEST round of GLOBAL MASS migration,

Forced migration of enslaved persons, from W.& central Africa, solved the colonists 'need' for:

Labor to build on agriculture and mining industries.

Like 19th Century Europeans, people from _________ America are being lured by the perception that N. America has $$$ and jobs

Latin

Recent events in L_______ civil war have forced people to flee combat zones

Libya's

US Undocumented workers: Source country. Approximately 60 percent come from ___________. The remainder are about evenly divided between other _________ American countries and other regions of the world.

Mexico, Latin

Discuss the current situation of internally displaced persons (IDPs) how are they different from refugees and people who were forced to migration

Most displaced persons are NOT refugees, however, but are displaced within their own country. There are more than 27 million in the world. There is no international legal protection for them, and they must rely on themselves or occasional humanitarian relief to survive away from their homes.

ENVIRONMENTALLY DISPLACED PERSONS become so due to:

Natural disasters such as flooding, tsunamis, earthquakes, landslides, and volcanic eruptions have always forced humans to relocate.

Distribution of undocumented immigrants us. What state have the largest PERCENTAGE of undocumented immigrants?

Nevada

Name two recent LARGE environmental displacements:

New Orleans after hurricane Katrina and Haitians after the 2010 earthquake.

while earthquakes in P___________have driven people out of mountainous regions. The cause of displacement may be political or environmental.

Pakistan

internal migration

Since the eighteenth century, _______ _______in most countries has been a process of rural to urban migration.

Name the primary countries who establish colonies around the world in the modern period

Spain, Portugal, Britain, France, and the Netherlands

Crossing the Border: How long is the US- Mexican border?

The U.S.-Mexico border is 1,951 miles long.

In addition to guards patrolling what has the US constructed in an attempt to keep people from crossing the border?

The United States has constructed a barrier covering approximately ONE-FOURTH of the border.

residential mobility.

The ability for households to move within a country is termed

archaeological, linguistic, and genetic evidence.

The diffusion of humans around the globe can be traced with

Where did we come from? What makes us human?

The early migrations that peopled Earth are important to us today because they answer the questions about human origins.

new food resources

The growth of early human populations sent people in search of

Describe a selective immigration policy

When countries adopt a that excludes unwanted migrants and includes more desired ones.

Europe has attracted economic migrants since the end of ___ ____ __

World War I

Refugee

a person compelled to migrate outside the country of origin as defined by an international convention

What did New ship technologies do for the movement of goods and people ?

accelerated their movement

The colonial economies built on

agriculture and mining

Forced immigration

any movement under taken under course of conditions such as violence or disaster

The primary evidence of human diffusion has come from:

archaeological record, examination of skeletal remains, & signs of early human presence

The political causes of forced migration are typically armed ______ or _________________

armed conflict or discrimination.

Migration Stream

assisting movement of people from one source area to a common destination area

Why did many European immigrants come to North America (United States and Canada )in the nineteenth century?

because they offered Europeans prospects for economic advancement $$$

Interregional Migration

between two regions of the same country after in trauma and drop

ENVIRONMENTALLY DISPLACED PERSONS are NOT protected by

by the 1951 convention.

US Undocumented: The 11.2 million undocumented immigrants included 1 million _________. While living in the U S, undocumented immigrants have given birth to approximately ______ million babies, who are _______ citizens of the United States.

children, 4.5, legal

US: Unauthorized immigrants were much more likely than the average American to be employed in _____________ & ________________

construction and hospitality (food service and lodging) jobs

Net migration from urban to rural areas is called _______________. Like suburbanization, people move from urban to rural areas for lifestyle reasons.

counterurbanization

If tourists were citizens of one country, they would be the third largest ____________in the world

country

The number of international tourists has more than _________during the last two decades.

doubled

People _______ from places that have few job opportunities, and they ________to places where the jobs seem to be available.

emigrate, immigrate

Pull Factors

emigration just to nations feature that attracts in migration

Internal migrations

from part of a country to another are the most common form of permanent migration.

Inclusionary Policies

government rules meant to accommodate or even encourage immigration

Selective Immigration Policies

government rules to include some migrants an exclamation others settled migration individuals and households that migrate to new counties

Exclusionary policies

government rules to prevent immigration

International migration

has increased considerably in recent decades as economic disparities grow between wealthy and poor regions.

The United States is an ____________ nation, meaning its population is almost entirely comprised of immigrants or their descendents.

immigrant

North America, Europe, and Oceania have net ____-migration.

in

Crossing the Border: Where are guards heavily patrolling border crossings? (be specific)

in urban areas such as El Paso, Texas, and San Diego, California, or along highways.

Immigration

in-migration to an area from another area

Environmentally displaced persons

individuals compelled to flee natural disasters

People in Europe and N. America began migrating from rural to urban in the 1800's because of the

industrial revolution.

Intraregional migration is much more common than I_______ or ____________migration.

interregional or international

Movement constrained to within the same region is termed

intraregional migration

Tourism

is by definition a form of temporary migration caused by an interest in visiting places and people other than where one resides.

Guest workers

labor immigrants admitted to meet demands for a few more workers more workers

Chinese diaspora

literally a "scattering" of people to different destinations, began with the large wave of LABOR migration to S.E. Asia and the Americas, & other colonies

Undocumented Immigrants

migrants who enter a country without filling out a country's legal requirements to do so

INTRAregional

migration within one region

Push factors

migrations origin features that fuel out-migration

Remittances

money migrant sent to the family or others in place of origin

Forced migration

occurs when people must migrate or suffer terrible consequences.

diaspora

off the widespread diffusion of people from the region of origin

Asia, Latin America, and Africa currently have net ____ -migration

out

Emigration

out-migration from one area to another area

Inclusionary policies recognize that most immigration benefits the host economy by:

paying taxes, observing the law, and even serving in the military of their new country.

Visa

permission to enter a country that is granted prior to or during arrival

Internally Displaced Persons (IDPS)

persons compelled to migrate within their country of origin

The cause of displacement or FORCED migration may be

political or environmental.

Counter Urbanization

residential relocation from the urban to the suburban places to rule ones

The modern era

roughly the last 500 years, is characterized by the movement of large numbers of peoples over much longer distances than ever before

Developed countries witnessed a new migration trend during the late twentieth century. For the first time, more people immigrated into ___________areas than emigrated out of them.

rural

Most intraregional migration has been from _____ to ______ areas or from cities to suburbs.

rural to urban

Since the eighteenth century, internal migration in most countries has been a process of _____to ____migration.

rural to urban (farm country to city)

Today, most intraregional migration in developed countries is from cities out to ______________.

suburbs

globalization

that began with Europe's voyages of conquest and the establishment of colonies around the world

The nineteenth century geographer E. G. Ravenstein considered it a "law of migration" predicted:

that longer distance migrations would gravitate towards centers of econom .

Immigrant nation

the country does population is primarily composed of immigrants and their descendants

Arrivals

the entry of people into a country

Brain Drain

the loss of highly trained professionally through emigration

Residential Mobility

the movement of households from one place to another

Demic Diffusion

the movement of people through space over time

Net Migration

the numerical difference between immigration and emigration

Naturalize

the process of becoming a citizen of a country other than one's country of origin

During this latest round of global mass migration,

there was improved communications, information about destinations, and transportation technologies have accelerated the flow of economic migrants between world regions.

Seasonal migrants

those who moved in response to regular but temporary conditions for example to work jobs at harvest time or to escape cold winters

After WWI Germany, France, Italy, and other western European countries encouraged guest workers to immigrate and work in factories, helping

to REBUILD war-torn economies in western Europe.

In most countries, ______ is one of the fastest-growing sectors of the economy. It is also, by some accounts, the world's largest industry.

tourism

ecotourism

tourism meant to lessen visitors impact on the environment

Persons who enter a country without permission from the government are called ________ or __________ immigrants.

unauthorized or undocumented

Those who are seeking to indefinitely or permanently immigrate must obtain a _______ that will allow them to eventually naturalize.

visa

Governments often lack control over immigration given the sheer ____________of migration and ______borders.

volume (or numbers of) and open

Brain drain is when migrants from countries with relatively low incomes and high natural increase rates move to:

wealthy countries, where job prospects are brighter and this leaves the country they came from 'drained of the brains' they need to help advance the,

Displacement

when people are compelled to move from one place to another

Human origins

where and when modern human first appeared and how they peopled the earth

US: Unauthorized immigrants were much less likely to be in ___ -______ such as _____, _____ ______ & finance.

white-collar jobs such as education, health care, and finance.

Undocumented immigrants: the United States, have record high numbers of people trying to enter to find ____________.

work,

Temporary Labor Migrants

working for work but who do not permanently migrate

Naturalize

—that is, to become a legal permanent citizen of the host country.

The 1951 Refugee Convention defines a refugee as a person who has a

"well-founded fear of being persecuted for reasons of race, religion, nationality, membership of a particular social group or political opinion, [who] is outside the country of his nationality and is unable or, owing to such fear, is unwilling to avail himself of the protection of that country."

There are more than ___ million refugees in the world today.

15

What are some of the negative effects of poor countries trying to get money from tourism?

- exploit areas of natural beauty. - additional visitors may harm the natural environment. -Tourists require hotels, transportation, and food that take up land, create pollution, and draw on food supplies

What does Ecotourism offer?

- focus on lessening the environmental impact of visitors, but its appeal remains limited. - visiting areas of natural beauty and recreation might be more willing to use a bicycle and tent, for example, than conventional tourists

Why are people so suspicious or even angry about undocumented immigration?

- out of concern for undocumented immigration, security threats, or the movements of illegal materials. - that immigrants will themselves become a burden on public resources, take away jobs from residents, or bring unwanted cultural change. -While many of these fears are overblown, citizens expect their countries to control migration at their borders.

On a global scale, these places have net migration

Asia, Latin America, and Africa have net out-migration, whereas North America, Europe, and Oceania

Distribution of undocumented immigrants us. What two states have the largest number of undocumented immigrants? Nevada has the largest percentage.

California and Texas

______ and __________factors are often dominated by employment considerations but may also include strong pull factors to places with natural beauty, recreation, or lifestyle amenities.

Push and Pull

Push and pull factors are often dominated by _________________ considerations but may also include strong pull factors to places with ________ ________, _______________, or _________ amenities.

Push=employment , Pull= natural beauty, recreation, or lifestyle amenities.

genetics

Recent advances in the recovery and analysis of human _____ has begun to fill in the map of early human migration

During three main eras of immigration, the United States drew migrants from different parts of the world. Name them!

Seventeenth and eighteenth centuries: United Kingdom and Africa Mid-nineteenth to early twentieth century: Europe Late twentieth to early twenty-first century: Latin America and Asia

brain drain

These emigrants often include the best and brightest in their country, so this process is called

The ______ & ____________ have been especially prominent destinations for economic migrants.

United States and Canada