GEOG-1 Exam #2
in aquatic environments, about 10-15% of eaten material is used for growth in ____. herbivores carnivores herbivores and carnivores neither herbivores nor carnivores.
herbivores and carnivores
Conversion of carbon dioxide and water into sugars and oxygen involves ____. A)photosynthesis B)evapotranspiration C)respiration D)perspiration
photosynthesis
Climate affects soil ____. A) depth over time B) no answers are true C) E horizon formation D) all answers are true E) acidity F) weathering
All answers are true
Which is true? A) Vegetation modifies soil development B) None are true. C) Animals modify soil development D) Soils modify vegetation growth E) All are true.
All are true
Sedimentary rocks form because of ____. organic deposition x All three answers are correct. cementation of clastic materials chemical binding No answers given here are correct.
All three answers are correct
Subduction occurs at convergent ____. oceanic-oceanic plate boundaries oceanic-continental plate boundaries continental-continental plate boundaries oceanic-oceanic and oceanic-continental plate boundaries
oceanic-oceanic and oceanic-continental plate boundaries
Extrusive igneous rocks have _____. large crystalline structures because the rock expands small crystalline structures because they cool faster small crystalline structure because they exfoliate large crystalline structures because they are metamorphic
small crystalline structures because they cool faster
Isostatic rebound is caused by ____. continental glacial melting erosion continental glacier formation plate collisions
continental glacial melting
The Moho (Mohorovicic) Discontinuity separates the ____. crust and lithosphere lithosphere and asthenosphere asthenosphere and inner mantle crust and asthenosphere
crust and lithosphere
Biogeography is the combination of: A) Phytogeography & Zoology B) Pedology & Geomorphology C) Phytogeography & Pedology D) Zoogeology & Pedology
Phytogeography & Zoology
We know that plate tectonics existed before Pangaea because ____. present continents are made up of continental collision fragments none of these answers is true one continent split apart, making smaller continents some continental fragments were under water
present continents are made up of continental collision fragments
California has all biomes except ____. tundra mediterranean scrub conifers desert tropical rainforest
tropical rainforest
The Dust Bowl in the 1930's is understood in terms of: A) land use B) none of the three answers C) climate and weather D) climate, weather and land use
Climate, Weather and Land Use
The solum is the ___. A) B through C horizons B) O through A horizons C) A through B horizons D) pedon
A through B horizons
The longest long-term storage in the carbon pool is found in the ____. A) hydrosphere B) soil C) crust D) plants E) atmosphere
Crust
Eluviation is a strong component of ____ soil horizons A) C B) B C) none of the selections D) E
E
____ are associate with bogs, but not tundra. A)Gelisols B)Inceptisols C)Entisols D)Oxisols E)Histosols
Histosols
____ biomes often have winter rainfall and summer drought. desert temperate grassland savanna Mediterranean scrub
Mediterranean scrub
Before photosynthesis, the ____ horizon did not exist. A) B B) E C) A D) O
O
Species living in one habitat in a geographic realm are different from species in a similar habitat of a different geographic realm because of ____. convergent evolution different niches ecology mutation natural predation
convergent evolution
Carbon storage from the atmosphere to the earth's crust, plants, soil, and marine sediments requires ____. A) transpiration B) evaporation C) photosynthesis D) respiration
photosynthesis
Metamorphic rock ____. melts completely and cools x rearranges internal rock structure by heat and pressure is deposited in layers is lithified and cemented
rearranges internal rock structure by heat and pressure
____ has the most field capacity. A) silt B) silt clay loam C) sand D) clay E) loamy sand
silt clay loam
Mild winters are a hallmark of many____ biomes. northern coniferous forest temperate deciduous rainforest tropical rainforest all three answers are correct none of the answers is correct
temperate deciduous rainforest
____ changes the soil characteristics (e.g. soil type) in a soil catena. A)Water-borne deposition B)all of the answers are incorrect C)Water-borne transport D)Water infiltration E)Water infiltration, transport and deposition
Water infiltration, transport and deposition
We can estimate the density of the earth using ____. deep rock sample density the size and mass of the earth deep rock samples and earth's mass and size neither answer
deep rock samples and earth's mass and size
____ is most permeable A) sand B) (All are equally pereable) C) silt D) clay
sand
Metamorphized ____ becomes slate. shale granite limestone sandstone
shale
Clay accumulation, but not calcium carbonate or gypsum in the B horizon is consistent with ____ formation. A)Alfisols B)Oxisols C)Aridisols D)Spodsols
Alfisols
Sedimentary rock can be composed of ____. igneous rock all rock types metamorphic rock sedimentary rock
all rock types
____ are caused by pyroclastic flows and volcanic ash fall. A)Vertisols B)Andisols C)Ultisols D)Mollisols
andisols
Lithification occurs ____. over time when water is squeezed out due to cementation after melting
due to cementation
The Appalachian Mountains, although old, remain above the water because ____. of recent terane wrecks continental crust is lighter than water x continental crust is lighter and floats higher on the mantle erosion makes the crust thinner around the mountains, and isostacy causes them to rise
erosion makes the crust thinner around the mountains, and isostacy causes them to rise
Continental crust is primarily made of ____. feldspar and manganese feldspar and silica manganese and silica manganese and iron
feldspar and silica
Quartz (SiO2) is a common element in the continental crust because ____. it precipitates from the sky it sinks into the earth as silicone rusts it rises as it melts in subduction zones it forms by mafic rock weathering
it rises as it melts in subduction zones
The asthenosphere is ____. liquid plastic solid rubbery
plastic
Taiga is most likely to have ____ below it. A)Mollisols B)Ultisols C)Oxisols D)Spodsols
spodsols
___ developed one of the two lines separating Indomalayan and Australian zoogeographic realms. Alexander von Humboldt Alfred Weber Charles Darwin Francis Crick
Alfred Weber
Translocation occurs in the ____ soil horizon. A) all of these horizons B) O C) E D) B E) A
all of these horizons
Oceanic crust is ____ than continental crust denser and thicker denser and thinner lighter and thicker lighter and thinner
denser and thinner
A vertical wall-like structure of igneous rock is called a laccolith batholith sill dike
dike
Minerals are _____. crystalline lattice structures (no answer is correct) inorganic inorganic crystalline structures
inorganic crystalline structures
Animals in different habitats in the same zoogeographic realm differ because of ____. animal ranges differ convergent evolution ecological niches natural selection
natural selection
Exfoliation occurs due to ____. contracting while cooling pressure release when overlying rock is removed rocks expand when heated rocks are compressed by extreme pressure after forming x
pressure release when overlying rock is removed
The nature of the solid core is studied using refraction and time delay information from ____ passing through it. primary (P) waves secondary (S) waves primary and secondary waves none of these options is correct
primary (P) waves
Soils in ____ climates are more likely to be neutral A)wet (rainy, such as AF) B)semi-arid (steppe, BS) C)none of the above D)dry/arid (desert, BW)
semi-arid
Plate boundaries are located by following sites of ____. sea floor spreading sea floor spreading and trenches none of these answers is correct subduction trenches abrupt changes in the record of geological strata all answers are correct
all answers are correct
The region within which a species operates most effectively adapted is called its ____. habitat niche zoogegraphic realm convergent evolution
niche
Plants have ____ in a zone of physiological stress. a high population a low population no population intolerance their optimum range
a low population
Illuviation is common in soil horizon ____. A) A B) none of the answers is correct C) B D) E
B
The concept of sea floor spreading was supported by ____. similarity of now unconnected rock formations parts continents fitting together like pieces of a puzzle none of these answers fossils of the same species on only parts of once connected continents all three answers
all three answers
Island species vary based on island size distance to mainland variety of niches all three answers are correct no answers are correct
all three answers are correct
The rate of photosynthesis is influenced by ____. relative humidity temperature recent rainfall all three are factors none of these answers
all three are factors
The production of herbicides by sage to suppress other plant growth is an example of ____. amensalism predation mutualism vicariance
amensalism
Primary succession involves growth of ____. annual vegetation growing on bare soil perennials taking over from annuals first forest trees taking over grasslands deciduous forest taking over from initial conifer growth
annual vegetation growing on bare soil
Soil distributions are highly related (correlated) to ____. A)climate B)weather C)none of the above D)organisms
climate