geog101 test 3
A shield volcano is most likely to be located (choose all that apply)
-over a hot spot in the mantle -along a divergent plate boundary
Match each volcano or pluton with its associated lava or intrusive rock type.
-shield volcano--> basalt -composite volcano--> andesite -lava dome--> rhyolite -batholith--> granite
lava types in order, from most viscous to least viscous.
1. rhyolite 2. andesite 3. basalt
How much precipitation does the Sitkan biome receive in most of the area it covers?
60 in and over
Match the label on the diagram (as listed on the left below) with the name of the layer, as shown on the right.
A 5. inner core B 6. Moho C 4. mantle D 1. crust E 3. asthenosphere F 2. outer core
Which of these events was the immediate trigger that started the main eruption in St. Helen?
A massive landslide
Which 2 climate types are associated with the Chihuahuan biome?
BWh, BSk
The Eastern Forest biome is associated with which 3 climate types?
Dfa, Dfb, Cfa
Which climate type is most closely associated with Yukon Taiga?
Dfc
The boreal forest biome is most likely to be associated with which climate type?
Dfc subarctic
After a rainforest is cleared for agriculture, the soil usually maintains its fertility indefinitely.
False
If all other factors are the same, soils under deciduous forests tend to be less fertile than soils under conifer forests.
False
Two soils develop from the same parent material, in the same climate, on flat land, over the same amount of time. One soil is a grassland soil, the other is forested. These soils will be identical.
False
The eruption of Mt. St. Helens in the Cascade Range of Washington State most likely occurred because
Mt. St Helens is located near a convergent plate boundary
Why do we believe Earth's outer core is a liquid?
P waves do not travel through the outer core.
Why do geologists believe the inner core is solid?
P waves refract at the boundary between the outer core and inner core.
What data provided information about the existence of different zones within Earth?
P-wave and S-wave arrival times
How are metamorphic rocks formed?
Preexisting rock is altered through heat and pressure.
What is the lithosphere composed of?
The crust and the uppermost mantle
Which type of plate boundary exists between India and Asia today?
a convergent boundary
Most earthquakes occur
along the boundaries of tectonic plates
A plant that completes it entire lifecycle within one year, so that only the seeds survive from one year to the next, is an _______________ plant.
annual
The Himalaya Mountains were formed
as a result of folding and faulting along a suture zone
Just below the lithosphere is a layer of the earth which the rocks are hot and partially melted, so that they flow very slowly. This layer is called the ____________.
asthenosphere
What is foliation?
banding in metamorphic rocks that results from the reorientation of minerals
What kind of lava is a shield volcano most likely to be associated with?
basalt
The largest type of pluton is a
batholith
A soil that is rich in organic matter is most likely to be ___________ in color.
black
A soil with poor drainage, such as in a wetland, would most likely be ___________ in color.
blue or gray
A plant with leaves that have a design giving them the maximum ability to absorb solar radiation (but also making it less able to withstand dry or frozen conditions) would be a ______________ (broadleaf/needleleaf) plant.
broadleaf
The name of the smallest particle size in a soil is __________________.
clay
Which of the following classes of soil particles is likely to be the most chemically active?
clay
Which of these soil particles has most likely been altered chemically from the original parent material?
clay
The most important factor in soil formation over the long term is
climate
The extent of midlatitude grasslands is controlled by
climate and fire
Intrusive igneous rocks would have a _____________ (coarse/fine) texture.
coarse
what are the four primary zones in Earth's interior?
crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
A narrow, vertical sheet of intruded rock is called a ______________,
dike
Which of the following would usually be associated with a transform plate boundary?
earthquakes
A collection of organisms interacting with each other and with their environment, in such a way that the system sustains itself, is an ________________.
ecosystem
A plant that lives on another plant, using it for support to get sunlight, is called a (an) ______________.
epiphyte
A composite volcano is most likely to be located along a divergent plate boundary.
false
A highly leached soil, with a lot of quartz sand in it, would likely be red or yellow in color.
false
A phreatophyte is likely to have shallow roots.
false
A shield volcano is most likely to be located inland of a subduction zone.
false
Extrusive igneous rocks are the same as plutonic rocks.
false
Gray or blue color in a soil is usually an indicator that the soil contains a high percentage of salts.
false
In a tropical deciduous forest biome, the rainfall is distributed evenly throughout the year.
false
Most midlatitude forest trees are deciduous during the summer season.
false
Red or yellow colored soils are typical of mid-latitude grasslands.
false
San Diego has no faults.
false
Santa Ana winds are most likely to blow when there is a large center of low pressure inland in the western United States.
false
The asthenosphere is the uppermost, rigid part of the Earth's mantle.
false
The deepest soils are usually on steep slopes.
false
The majority of needleleaf trees are deciduous.
false
The more silica a lava contains, the thinner and more fluid it is likely to be.
false
With advances in monitoring systems, we can now predict most earthquakes with a high degree of accuracy.
false
What would you call a granite that has undergone metamorphism and now exhibits foliation?
gneiss
A batholith is most likely to be composed of which kind of rock?
granite
The continental crust is composed principally of
granite
sclerophyllus
hard, waxy leaves that help reduce water loss for a plant
A soil that contains a high percentage of clay will most likely
hold water quite well
A soil which is red in color will likely have high amounts of
iron
If we say that a rock is "foliated", this means that the rock
is layered
A volcano with rhyolitic lava is most likely to be a
lava dome
Water dissolves minerals and carries them downward in the soil. This is the process of ____________.
leaching
Which of the following is true of volcanoes in California?
lf a volcano does erupt in California, it is more likely to be an explosive eruption of andesitic lava than a quiet eruption of basaltic lava
A sedimentary rock composed of calcium carbonate which may have formed from shells and corals and other remains of organisms on the ocean floor is
limestone
Together, the crust and upper mantle are called the ____________________.
lithosphere
What weakened the slopes of Mt. St. Helens before the eruption?
magma moving into the volcano to form a bulge
Vegetation adapted to summer drought and recurring fires is typical of the ________ biome.
mediterranean woodland and shrub
Rocks that are altered from the original rock by heat or pressure are ______________ rocks.
metamorphic
Most of the eastern half of the United States was originally covered with
midlatitude forests
Which of the following would usually be associated with a plate boundary that is convergent between two continental plates?
mountains and earthquakes
seismic waves...
move along curved ray paths because of changing properties of rocks.
A plant with leaves that have a design giving them the ability to withstand dry or frozen conditions (but losing some ability to absorb sunlight), would be a ______________ (broadleaf/needleleaf) plant.
needleleaf
Which of the following vegetation zones dominates the Canadian taiga biome?
needleleaf evergreen forest
Earthquakes in California
occur principally because California is on the boundary between two crustal plates
The source rock from which the soil is made is the ________________ ____________________.
parent material
How will foliation in continental metamorphic rocks formed during subduction be oriented?
perpendicular to the direction of plate movement
travels through solids and liquids
pressure waves
What kind of deformation can be produced by compression? Choose all the apply.
reverse faults folding
The name of the largest particle size in a soil is ___________________.
sand
Rocks that form from fragments of pre-existing rocks, cemented by pressure or chemical action are _________________ rocks.
sedimentary
A sedimentary rock formed when clay particles settle in quiet waters is
shale
Match the sedimentary rock with its corresponding metamorphic rock:
shale C. slate limestone A. marble sandstone B. quartzite
travels only through solids
shear waves
A volcano with basaltic lava is most likely to be a ______________ volcano.
shield
Which of the following is least likely to be a method that would be used to predict earthquakes?
soil conditions
The San Andreas Fault in California is an example of a/an ____________.
strike-slip faults
What kind of deformation can be produced by shear stress?
strike-slip faults
Old oceanic lithosphere moves down into the asthenosphere near an oceanic trench. This process is called _____________________.
subduction
Choose which factors would contribute to a place having a desert climate. You may choose more than one factor.
subtropical high pressure being in a rainshadow cold ocean currents
A symmetrical downfold in the rock structure is called a/an ________________.
syncline
A synonym for the boreal forest biome is
taiga
In San Diego County,
the chaparral vegetation community is adapted to drought and recurring fires
As India moved toward Asia, what happened to the oceanic lithosphere between the two landmasses?
the ocean floor subducted below the Asian landmass
Which of the following eruption styles are most likely to be associated with a shield volcano? (Choose all that apply)
thin flows of fluid lava
What type of fault has a very low-angle fault plane, with the hanging wall block riding up onto the top of the footwall block, as shown below?
thrust fault
A tectonic plate boundary where two plates are moving past each other laterally is a _________ plate boundary.
transform
What kind of tectonic plate boundary runs from Southern California to the San Francisco area?
transform
A biome that is widespread in the driest parts of the A climate zone is dominated by low thorny trees and shrubs. This is the _____________ ______________ biome.
tropical scrub
Most of the swamp forests are located in which climate?
tropical wet climate
A good strategy for a desert animal is to be nocturnal.
true
A shield volcano is likely to be located along a divergent plate boundary.
true
A soil that contains a high percentage of sand will likely be well-drained.
true
Foreshocks sometimes occur before major earthquakes.
true
Granite is the main rock forming the continental crust.
true
Oceanic crust is much thinner and is composed of rocks that are denser than the rocks of the continental crust.
true
Sima is denser than Sial.
true
The Atlantic Ocean is getting wider.
true
The climate in the part of San Diego County dominated by coastal sage scrub is semi-arid (BSk).
true
The longer the fault is, the greater the potential magnitude for earthquakes along it.
true
When magma cools rapidly, as in extrusive igneous rock, the rock will be fine-textured, with few visible crystals.
true
When two continental plates converge, there is normally no subduction.
true
A region is characterized by short, cool summers and very cold winters. The ground is permanently frozen below the surface, and only the top few feet of soil thaw out in the summer. The type of biome most likely to be found in this region is
tundra
In an arid climate, water in the soil is likely to move _________________ (upward/downward).
upward
Most of the nutrients in a tropical rainforest will be stored in the
vegetation
When the two continental landmasses collided, the continental crust of India
was too buoyant to subduct
