Geography US & Canada
All of the following were crops introduced to California between 1881 and 1912 EXCEPT
Tomatoes
The primary geographic influences on climate are:
Topography and Latitude
This City has the largest population in Canada?
Toronto
Which of the following is NOT part of the Northlands region?
Toronto and Ottawa
What regional resources attracted the early settlers to the Bypassed East?
Trees and fish
Nearly 20% of all Americans will change their residence in any given year. True or false?
True
Regions are either uniform or nodal.
True
Regions are primarily mental constructs.
True
Regions can exist at different scales.
True
The Columbia River, at Grand Coulee northwest of Spokane, was dammed primarily to provide hydroelectric power.
True
The Department of Defense is the dominant employer in the state of Alaska
True
The Driftless Area is a portion of southwestern Wisconsin and part of the adjacent Mississippi River that escaped glaciation. True or False?
True
The Megalopolis contains green spaces like parks or other land available for recreation as well as substantial agricultural areas. True or False?
True
The United States is the world's leading exporter of coal
True
The United States is the world's leading exporter of coal.
True
The people who live in the panhandle of Alaska look to air and sea transportation for connection with the rest of the world
True
The physical environment is integral to the makeup of all regions. True or False?
True
The physiographic region MOST affected by glaciation is The Canadian Shield. True or False?
True
The primary reason for why so many good harbors are located close to one another lies in the Megalopolis' geologic history. True or False?
True
Topography's effect on precipitation almost disappears east of the Rocky Mountains.
True
True or False? Places that experience greater seasonal temperature extremes are being affected by continentality.
True
True or False? Regions are primarily mental constructs.
True
The Great Lakes are interconnected with only _____significant changes of elevation:
Two
Which state is the LARGEST coal producer in the United States today?
Wyoming
Monument Valley
a region of the Colorado Plateau characterized by a cluster sandstone buttes, including the mitten rocks
Continentality
a region's distance from the moderating influence of the sea
uniform region
a region/area sharing one or more physical or cultural feature. (formal regions)
hinterland
a remote and undeveloped area
Palm Springs
a rich resort town in California's desert
sedimentary rock
a rock that forms from compressed or cemented layers of sediment
Chinook
a seasonal warm wind that blows down the Rockies in late winter and early spring
arête
a sharp mountain ridge
Plural society
a society in which different cultural groupls keep their own identity, beliefs, and traditions
Postindustrial society
a society in which the economic emphasis is on providing services and information
metes and bounds system
a system of land surveying east of the Appalachian Mountains. The system relies on descriptions of land ownership and natural features such as streams or trees.
sorghum
a tall grass whose seeds are used as grain and to make syrup
karst terrain
a type of topography that is formed on limestone, gypsum, and other soluble rocks, where bedrock dissolution has created underground openings such as caves
Imperial Valley
a valley in the Colorado Desert, extending from southeastern California to Mexico
French and Indian War
a war in North America between France and Britain (both aided by indian tribes)
What people dominant the Northlands?
1) American Indians 2)Métis 3)Inuit 4)Eskimos
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the physical effects on the landscape due to permafrost?
1) Buildings must be placed on piles sunk deeply into the permafrost for stability 2) Roads must be repaired extensively each year 3) Construction needs much attention in order to maintain any resemblance of an even roadbed 4) Most of Alaska is underlain by continuous or discontinuous shifting of surface
Northlands soils are
1) Varied 2) Generally acidic 3) Poorly drained 4) Of low agricultural quality
Which of the following was early French fort that is now an important urban center?
1)Chicago 2)Detroit 3)Pittsburg 4)Sault Sainte Marie
Most of the residents in the agricultural core are descendants of migrants from
1)Germany 2)Scandinavia 3)The Netherlands 4)The British Isles
Wheat was planted by settlers in the early nineteenth century as they moved west because
1)It was a familiar crop to both the producers and the consumers 2)It was a high-value crop with a reliable market demand
federation
A form of government in which a group of states or provinces unite under a single, mutually acceptable sovereign central authority. Canadas cultural and regional diversity.
A lacustrine plain refers to
A former lakebed
The lowlands of Oregon are part of a structural trough that was created at the same time the ______________ were elevated.
Cascades
To the east of the lowland in the north pacific region is a second north-south trending range of mountains called the:
Cascades
To the east of the lowland is a second north-south trending range of mountains called the:
Cascades
For the Europeans, the greatest long-term return on their investments was from
Cash crop farming
tobacco
Cash crop that made a profit and saved Jamestown
Mexican-American War in 1848
Causes: U.S. desire for land (expansion to Pacific Coast); Mexico refused to recognize annexation of Texas
What two bays were formed from the drowned lower courses of the Susquehanna and Delaware rivers?
Chesapeake and Delaware
Which one of the following is NOT a city that established planning commissions whose jurisdictions extend beyond the geographic limits of each large central city? New York Boston Chicago Baltimore Philadelphia
Chicago
Examples of cities located near naturally navigable waters are:
Chicago, Milwaukee and Buffalo, Toronto, Cleveland and Philadelphia, New Orleans, Memphis and Montreal, Miami, Mobile, San Diego
The United States is the leading exporter of all of the following EXCEPT: Wheat Corn Coal Rice Cotton
Cotton
Volcanic mountains in this region are:
Dome-like
The major lumber tree of the Pacific Northwest is:
Douglas Fir
Which of the following regions does NOT extend EAST of the Mississippi River?
Empty Interior
Which of the following regions does NOT extend EAST of the Mississippi River? Megalopolis Appalachia and the Ozarks Empty Interior Changing South Coastal South
Empty Interior
Homestead Act of 1863
Encouraged settlement of the West by giving each settler a quarter section (160 acres of land) for little or no money
Hudson Bay Company
English corporation, formed in 1670, which held a monopoly over trade in the region watered by streams flowing into Hudson Bay in Canada
Today, the majority of Southern whites are of
English, Scottish, or Irish descent
Today, the majority of Southern whites are of:
English, Scottish, or Irish descent
Massive boulders left behind by glaciers are known as:
Erratics
Prior to 1910, the cities of Megalopolis absorbed large numbers of immigrants from:
Europe
Which of the following is NOT true regarding early settlement of the South?
European population densities were quite high compared to the North
With a few exceptions, the entire region receives precipitation
Exceeding 30 inches per year
With a few exceptions, the entire region receives precipitation:
Exceeding 30 inches per year
Which of the following are the offshore banks along the coasts of the Bypassed East best known for?
Excellent fishing
The tallest peak in the eastern United States, Mount Mitchell, is located in Vermont.
False
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
In Los Angeles, mountain breezes push pollutants out towards the Pacific
Seigneuries
In Quebec and small sections of southern Ontario, France granted land to settlers within blocks
Which is NOT true regarding Major Stephen Long's beliefs about the Great Plains?
It contained vast deposits of silve
Coastal locations have smaller temperature ranges than continental interiors because of:
Maritime influence
An increasing proportion of the work force in the cities began to live at distances and in residential densities that made it uneconomical for:
Mass transit
Which of the following is NOT true about the precipitation of the Canadian Core?
Mean annual rainfall is more than 40 inches.
New York City, Boston, and Washington D.C. are considered to be in what type of region?
Megalopolis
New York City, Boston, and Washington D.C. are in this region.
Megalopolis
Which is of the following has the HIGHEST precipitation totals?
Mendocino
Metallic minerals are MOST often found where this TYPE of rock occurs:
Metamorphic
Metallic minerals are MOST often found where this type of rock occur
Metamorphic
When the internal structure of previously formed rocks is changed through tremendous pressure and heat:, what is formed?
Metamorphic Rock
When the internal structure of previously formed rocks is changed through tremendous pressure and heat:
Metamorphic rock is formed
Evangelical Protestant religions
Methodist, Episcopal, and mostly Baptists
A statistical unit of one or more counties that focuses on one or more central cities larger than a specified size, or with a population larger than a specified size is a:
Metropolitan Statistical Area
When did Spanish explorers first reach California?
Mid-1500s
The Hawaiian archipelago is a string of islands and reefs, 3,300 kilometers long, that forms a broad arc in the:
Mid-Pacific Ocean
Which of the following is NOT a primary industry of the Californian megalopolis?
Mineral extraction
All of the following states LOST metropolitan area between 1990 and 2002 EXCEPT
Mississippi
All of the following states LOST metropolitan area between 1990 and 2002 EXCEPT: Alabama Georgia Mississippi Tennessee Kentucky
Mississippi
The Great Valley extends through all of the following EXCEPT
Missouri
Which of the following states is considered completely metropolitan?
New Jersey
Which of the following states is considered completely metropolitan? New York Maryland Delaware Massachusetts New Jersey
New Jersey
After the end of the Mexican-American War in 1848, most Mexicans settled in
New Mexico
European immigrants generally passed through what large Megalopolitan port?
New York
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints was founded in:
New York
The Erie Canal was constructed in ________ to permit freight to bypass Lake Ontario:
New York
What state has the worst soil?
New York
The largest concentrations of nonreservation American Indians can be found in:
New York and Los Angeles
Examine the positive aspects of New Orleans' site and situation.
New orleans- louisiana's largest area for growing sugar cane, Located between 2 halves, not as strong in either specialization
Which Manufacturing Core city developed an extremely diversified industrial mix
New york
All of the following are TRUE regarding California's future EXCEPT:
The state has nearly 30 percent of the electoral votes needed to elect the President
hinterlands
The surrounding trade area of an urban area
core area
The territorial nucleus from which a country grows in an area and over time, often containing the national capital and the main center of commerce, culture, and industry.
Doctrine of Prior Appropriation
The theory that whoever begins using the water first, has the right to continue using the water.
. In 1954, the United States Supreme Court issued a decision that did what?
Reversed the separate but equal doctrine thereby helping to end segregation
In 1954, the United States Supreme Court issued a decision that did what?
Reversed the separate but equal doctrine thereby helping to end segregation
Which of the following is NOT part of the major megalopolis formed along the northeastern coast of the United States by the gradual coalescence of large, independent metropolitan areas: New York Philadelphia Baltimore Richmond Boston
Richmond
Ridge and Valley
Ridges and Valleys; forests and pasture; textile and manufacturing center (carpets)
. Farming was never easy in the Bypassed East primarily due to:
Rocky soils and hilly terrain
"Pittsburgh plus" pricing refers to
Rules that artificially made it cheaper to buy Northern steel than Southern steel
"Pittsburgh plus" pricing refers to:
Rules that artificially made it cheaper to buy Northern steel than Southern steel
By 1740, Vitus Bering had claimed the Alaska coast for:
Russia
The capital of California is
Sacramento
What city is considered the Mexican-American Cultural Capital?
San Antonio
A devastating earthquake struck what city in 1906?
San Francisco
Which city benefited MOST from the Gold Rush?
San Francisco
Cumberland Plateau
Sandstone monolith, shallow acid soils
All of the following are cities in the California Central Valley EXCEPT:
Santa Barbara
The drainage basin of the Mississippi River is an example of a:
Single-feature uniform region
The prime motivation for intraurban interaction is the geographic separation of:
Supply and demand
Which of the following is NOT an after-effect of the Civil War that helped cripple the South?
Surplus cotton glutted the market
The Cajun population of southern Louisiana originated in
The Atlantic Provinces of Canada
The Cajun population of southern Louisiana originated in:
The Atlantic Provinces of Canada
Which of the following is the result of the erosion of sedimentary rock in South Dakota?
The Badlands
Karst terrain can be found in
The Bluegrass Basin
Before the 1840s, most European settlers in the South came from:
The British Isles
An important high-volume business enterprise of the early South was:
The Plantation
The physiography of the West is characterized by:
The Rocky Mountains, The Pacific coastland's mountains and valleys, A series of high, heavily disseced plateaus west of the Rockies, North- South trending mountains
America's broad interior plains are nearly enclosed by zones of metallic minerals found mostly in all of the following EXCEPT:
The Sierras
In the United States, the Baptist religion is MOST prevalent in
The South
Which of the following was NOT a factor of Black outmigration away from the South?
The Southern economy did not suffer as a result
San Joaquin Valley
The Southern part of CA's agricultural kingdom. Many Okies and Arkies came here, as it was similar to the Southern plains. Life was hard here.
The most widely accepted soil classification system in the United States was formulated by:
The U.S. Department of Agriculture
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding Hawaii and migration?
The United States became the main source of Hawaii's new residents immediately after World War II
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?
The United States imports nearly all its coal
French Fur trappers
The earliest job of the Louisiana settlers
The Atlantic Plain
The east coast of the United States
Most the precipitation in the Agricultural Core falls between
The end of April and the beginning of November
Most the precipitation in the Agricultural Core falls between:
The end of April and the beginning of November
surface mining
The extraction of mineral and energy resources near Earth's surface by first removing the soil, subsoil, and overlying rock strata.
Which group was severely impacted by the Los Angeles Aqueduct?
The farmers of Owens Valley
What has been one of the most fundamental and far-reaching changes in Megalopolis during the last 40 years?
The great areal expansion of major metropolitan areas
What is the major form of manufacturing employment in the Northlands?
The smelting and refining of ores
The altitude above which trees, given sufficient moisture, will NOT grow, is called:
The treeline
As settlement density and economic activity on the interior plains increased, large amounts of the goods produced were carried to:
The urban core
Which statement is TRUE regarding sections of the terrain in the Empty Interior?
They have some of the most rugged terrain in the United States
Which is NOT true about the Atlantic Provinces?
They have the highest per capita income in Canada
What are some of the repercussions of urban sprawl?
They lose the population and less goods and services. Gentrification
Which of the following is NOT true about the Green Mountains of Vermont
They peak at 6200 feet
The LARGESTof the Pleistocene Lakes is
Lake Agassiz
The largest lake in the Empty Interior during the Pleistocene was
Lake Bonneville
Which of the following regions is a major milk shed?
Lake Champlain Lowlands
Appalachian Regional Commission (ARC)
- 1965 - Its primary thrust is to improve highways in Appalachia in the hope that this will decrease isolation and encourage manufacturers to locate in the region.
Arkansas River Navigation System
- 1971 - three-meter navigation canal up the Arkansas River from its confluence with the Mississippi River to Catoosa, Oklahoma, just downstream from Tulsa - increase in barge, hydroelectric power
Metropolitan Water District
- Los Angeles and 10 other southern California cities - develop an adequate water supply for their area.
significant attributes of Pittsburgh's site and situation
- Steel - River junction: two rivers: Allegheny and monongahela river - raw materials - down river market
Center pivot irrigation system
- big sprinkler that rotates
Mennonite immigrants
- brought hard winter wheat from russia
Earthquake laws
- building laws to protect people from building collapse
major production
- corn - soybeans - meat
Old-Timey music
- folk - a combination of fiddle and plucked string instruments
Lake Agassiz Basin
- grows barley - formerly occupied by the largest of the Pleistocene lakes, - flat - valley of the Red River of the North in North Dakota and Minnesota
distinctiveness of the Southern Coastlands
- it has a humid, subtropical environment - generating U.S. trade patterns with the rest of the world and its distinctive industrial pattern
the positive aspects of New Orleans' site and situation
- louisiana's largest area for growing sugar cane, Located between 2 halves, not as strong in either specialization
population predominately anglo
- main way of life since no war
sig of "transportation shadow" in the bypassed East
- ocean trans can bypass - no identity -
rural landscape in the region
- open landscape with small towns
Nonbasic employment
- refers to all activities that produce goods and services for the local economy - this type of employment circulates money that is already in the local market and is also known as service employment Ex. School teacher
manufacturing limited in NEW England
- small local market and relative isolation - lack of trade over boarder - NE is independent
increase in soybean production
- soybeans act as a soil reconditioner by increasing the nitrogen content - can grow them anywhere in the east - lots of uses
physical geographical factors of agricultural core in North America
- wide range in its temperatures - topographic relief is properly moderate - fertile soil -
Higher elevations are cooler that lower elevations by:
-6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer -3.5 degrees Fahrenheit per 1000 feet
Los Angeles Aqueduct
-Brought water from Owens River to Los Angeles -William Mulholland spearheaded the controversial project -Negative impact on Owens Valley and Mono Lake
The only extensive lowlands near the Pacific Coast are located in:
-California's Central Valley -Oregon's Williamette Valley -Washington's and British Columbia's Puget Sound Lowland
In the United States and Canada, a place's settlement date can be predicted by knowing
-Its distance from the East coast -The country's pace of settlement
A city's site relates to:
-Its soil characteristics -Its terrain -Its topography -Its access to water transportation
Cities are located where they are as a result of:
-Land and water connections -Major transportation routes -Economic advantages -Security concerns
The Interior Lowland region is:
-Much hillier than the coastal plains -Underlain by hard sedimentary rock
What are the differences between Rural and Urban environments?
-Rural life can more demanding but slower paced -Urban life offers more concentrated economic opportunities -Rural economic activities are more extractive -Rural areas focus on a limited number of supply centers
Water shortages exist in the western third of the United States because:
-The region is arid -There are inadequate supplies
California's Gold Rush
-a rush of settlers to California after gold was found -population of California rises to the amount required for statehood
major areas of mineral production in the Bypassed East
-building stone- igneous & metamorphic in northern New England - granite- central Vermont and central coast of Maine. - marble- Vermont
All of the following are correct regarding permafrost EXCEPT
1) It is a subsurface layer of permanently frozen ground 2)It commonly has a depth of 100 meters 3) During summer, it usually thaws down to a depth of 1 meter 4) It is discontinuous in warmer areas
Which of the following is a type of tundra vegetation?
1) Lichens 2)Grasses 3)Mosses 4) Shrubs
The taiga forest mostly consists of
1) Spruces 2) Firs 3) Pines 4) Tamaracks
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Northland precipitation?
1) The cold air of the region holds little moisture 2)The ocean supplies very little moisture through evaporation 3)The northern Arctic Islands are the most arid parts of Canada and the U.S. 4) The Northland's snowfall range is about 50 inches
Which is TRUE about San Francisco's metropolitan area?
1)It was the northern core of the Spanish interest in California 2)It was the supply center for the Gold Rush 3)It was the largest city on the West Coast until 1920 4) It was a focal point for Asian immigration to the United States
All of the following attract people to live in Southern California EXCEPT
1)Mountains 2)Seashore 3)The mild climate 4)The outdoor image
In Peoria, Illinois, near the center of the region
1)The average temperature in January is 25? F 2)The average temperature in July is 76? F
By the last few years before World War I, the number of immigrants into the United States each year was approximately:
1,000,000
In 2012, more than 23% of the U.S. population lived in just __________.
10 of the largest urban areas
In 2012, more than 23% of the U.S. population lived in just __________. -10 of the largest urban areas -15 of the largest urban areas -20 of the largest urban areas -25 of the largest urban areas -30 of the largest urban areas
10 of the largest urban areas
Approximately what percentage of northern New England land is used for farming today?
10%
Hawaii's eight main islands contain almost _________ percent of the state's land area and all but a handful of its people:
100
All of the region receives substantial and evenly distributed precipitation at what amounts
100 to 150 centimeters
Native Americans settled the continent at least
12,000 years ago
Native Americans settled the continent at least
12,000year ago
The frost-free period is roughly__________ days at the southern margins of the area but little more than ________ days near the Arctic Ocean
135; 14
48. The frost-free period is roughly__________ days at the southern margins of the area but little more than ________ days near the Arctic Ocean
135;14
Oregon's Williamette Valley
150-mile long valley in the Pacific Northwest region of the United States
Tobacco was grown in the South as early as
1612
The first African slaves arrived in the South around
1619
Most American Indians were removed from the South by the
1830s
California's Gold Rush began in
1848
California gained statehood in:
1850
Most of the Great Plains of the United States was settled by non-native-Americans between
1860 - 1890
Reconstruction in the South took place from
1865-1877
When was barbed wire invented?
1870s
The Metropolitan Water District was created in the
1920s
Colorado River Compact
1922 agreement among seven U.S. states in the basin of the Colorado River in the American Southwest governing the allocation of the water rights to the river's water among the parties of the interstate compact.
Pulp and paper industries emerged in the South during the
1930s
In what period did people began to leave the largest metropolitan regions in greater numbers than those who moved in the regions?
1960s
The United States' population center crossed the Mississippi for the first time in:
1980
As the state's economy changed and the Panhandle languished which city became Alaska's population leader?
Anchorage
Historically, there are how many years between drought occurrences on the Great Plains?
20
By most estimates, the number of people taken from Africa during the slave trade was approximately:
20 million
In 1790, Americans of African origin represented what percentage of the total population:
20%
On average, what percentage of Americans change residences in any given year?
20%
The percentage of United States residents that move each year is nearly:
20%
The original Hispanic population greatly increased by substantial immigration during the:
20th century
In 2014, the United States and Canada accounted for about ________ of the world's daily oil consumption.
23%
A map scale ratio of 1:2400 will mean that 1 inch on the map will equal
2400 inches on the ground
A map scale ratio of 1:2400 will mean that 1 inch on the map will equal: 2.400 feet on the ground 2400 feet on the ground 2400 inches on the ground 2400 miles on the ground All of the above are correct
2400 inches on the ground
Theodore Roosevelt
26th President of the United States
Less than _____ percent of the American population lives in the Pacific Northwest
3
Less than _____ percent of the American population lives in the Pacific Northwest:
3
About how many Americans operated farms in 2002?
3 Million
pittsburgh significance
3 rivers meet
Locations in the Southern Coastlands east of Houston generally receive rain each year in the amount of
50 or more inches
metamorphic rock
3.6 billion years old, arises from transformations of existing rocks
Sidewalk farmer
A farmer who lives in an urban area and makes frequent trips to the farm to tend the crops
The approximate height of mountains in the Coast Ranges is
3000-5000 feet
By the time of the first census in 1790, Blacks comprised nearly ________ of the population of Virginia, South Carolina and Georgia.
35%-45%
The growing season in the Agricultural Core regularly extends across:
4 to 5 months
The ocean floor in this area is about how many meters BELOW sea level?
4,500
U.S. Forest Service,
A federal agency that manages public lands in national forests and grassland
About what percentage of the American population resides in Metropolitan Statistics Areas with 1 million or more people?
40%
About what percentage of the American population resides in Metropolitan Statistics Areas with 1 million or more people? 10% 20% 30% 40% 50%
40%
By the last few years before World War I, the number of immigrants into Canada each year was approximately:
400,000
he continental shelf of the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain extends seaward for:
400km
Ottawa
Capital of Canada
Winnipeg
Capital of Manitoba
What percentage of central Los Angeles land-use is either road or parking?
50%
Higher elevations are cooler that lower elevations by
6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer, 3.5 degrees Fahrenheit per 1000 ft
The percentage of direct investment to Canada from the United States in 2006 was about:
61%
Arctic Circle
66.5 degrees North
How many states use water from the Colorado River Basin?
7
Southern sections of the region receive around__________ daylight hours during the winter
7
About what percentage of the American population resides in an urban area?
75-79%
What percentage of precipitation in California is consumed by farms and cities in southern California?
80%
What percentage of precipitation in California is consumed by farms and cities in southern California?
80%
The percentage of Canadians living within 150 kilometers (95 miles) of their southern border is approximately:
90%
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Northland precipitation?
All of the above are correct
What percentage of Nevada's land is managed by the U.S. government?
90%
About what percentage of the population of the United States were farmers in 2002?
< 1%
Hopi
A Native American tribe in the southwest who were farmers, lived in pueblos, and were excellent builders and potters. Descendants of the Anasazi.
Anasazi
A Native American who lived in what is now southern Colorado and Utah and northern Arizona and New Mexico and who built cliff dwellings
Erie Canal
A canal between the New York cities of Albany and Buffalo, completed in 1825. The canal, considered a marvel of the modern world at the time, allowed western farmers to ship surplus crops to sell in the North and allowed northern manufacturers to ship finished goods to sell in the West.
One of the most important site characteristics of Megalopolitan growth was:
A coastline of abundant indentations
Which one of the following is NOT one of the significant aspects of the Megalopolis
A common mix of economic qualities
Which one of the following is NOT one of the significant aspects of the Megalopolis: -Merging cities with dense populations -A common mix of economic qualities -High amounts of transportation and communication activities -Export trade that passes through the region's six main ports -All of the above are significant aspects of the Megalopolis
A common mix of economic qualities
In geographical terminology, the Agricultural Core has
A continental climate
Glen Canyon Dam
A dam on the Colorado River at Page, Arizona. The dam has been controversial since its inception, because it caused the flooding of Glen Canyon to create a man-made reservoir, Lake Powell.
sink hole
A depression created at Earth's surface when an underground cavern collapses.
Coast Ranges
A group of mountains, lying along the Pacific Ocean and stretching from Alaska to California.
Canadian shield
A huge, rocky region that curves around Hudson Bay like a giant horseshoe. The Shield covers half the land area of Canada.
The Southern Coastlands' climate is best described as
A humid, subtropical place
The characteristics of the Interior Lowland region have influenced the economic and settlement history of the United States because
A large portion of this region has vast agricultural potential
Land Ordinance of 1785
A law that divided much of the United States into a system of townships to facilitate the sale of land to settlers.
Ring of fire
A major belt of volcanoes that rims the Pacific Ocean
San Andreas fault
A major geological fault in California. Sliding Boundary
Leadville
A mining town that was established due to deep deposits of lead, it is considered one of the richest strikes.
fault block mountains
A mountain formed by blocks of rock uplifted from normal faults.
indigo
A plant used to make valuable blue dye
A fault block is
A portion of the crust that has tilted upward
Gentrification
A process of converting an urban neighborhood from a predominantly low-income renter-occupied area to a predominantly middle-class owner-occupied area.
The Wilderness Road
A road that traveled westward over the Appalachian Mountains into Kentucky
Which of the following is true about precipitation in the Pacific Northwest?
All of the above are correct
A nodal region is characterized by
A set of places connected by the same function purpose
A nodal region is characterized by
A set of places connected by the same functional purpose
A nodal region is characterized by:
A set of places connected by the same functional purpose
Kerogen
A solid, energy-rich organic material similar to bitumen.
Temperature inversions
A stable layer of warm air overlying cooler air, trapping pollutants near ground level.
Aqueduct
A structure that carries water over long distances
Solid South
A term used to describe the tendency of the southern states to vote Democratic after the Civil War.
Plate tectonics
A theory stating that the earth's surface is broken into plates that move.
Anthracite coal
A type of coal, noted for being hard and clean burning.
Which of the following is NOT a nonbasic economic activity?
A university
Which of the following is NOT a nonbasic economic activity? A restaurant A university A beauty salon A hardware store A carwash
A university
Gulf Stream
A warm ocean current of the northern Atlantic Ocean off eastern North America.
The Wyoming Basin is best described as
A western peninsula of the Great Plains
All of the following are correct regarding permafrost EXCEPT:
All of the above are correct regarding permafrost
How many people does the Metropolitan Water District serve?
About 18 million
Pueblos
Above ground houses made of a heavy clay called adobe.
Changes in elevation between the Piedmont region and the Appalachians is usually:
Abrupt and substantial
How can you explain the tremendous ethnic diversity found in the major manufacturing cities of the core?
Accessibility resources, goods and services. Where things are located
tremendous ethnic diversity found in the major manufacturing cities of the core
Accessibility resources, goods and services. Where things are located
What are the major components of "Southern culture
Agrarian, Strong rural provincialism, lack of influence from non British sources
Which region does NOT include part of California?
Agricultural Core
Which region does NOT include part of California? California Agricultural Core Southwest Border Area North Pacific Coast Empty Interior
Agricultural Core
Has government intervention served to stimulate the South's economy? Explain the initiatives and their impacts.
Agricultural adjustments act- adjusted wages and prices Brown Vs Board of education- ruled that segregations of public schools was a violation of the 14th amendment. (abolished separate but equal doctrine)
The Willamette Valley is the region's largest
Agricultural area
The greatest demand for water in California is from
Agriculture
The greatest demand for water in California is from:
Agriculture
In Canada, the only substantial north-south highway runs along the western edge of
Alberta
The two major soil types found in the agricultural core are
Alfisols and Mollisols
Three of the more productive soils ar
Alfisols, utlisols, mollisols
Three of the more productive soils are:
Alfisols, utlisols, mollisols
All of the following might be considered PULL factors EXCEPT: Better employment opportunities elsewhere Closer proximity to loved ones Schools have higher rates of graduation Less commuting distance
All are examples of Pull factors
What people dominant the Northlands?
All of the Above
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the physical effects on the landscape due to permafrost?
All of the Above permafrost
Examples of cities located near naturally navigable waters are: a. Chicago, Milwaukee and Buffalo b. Toronto, Cleveland and Philadelphia c. New Orleans, Memphis and Montreal d. Miami, Mobile, San Diego e. All of the above
All of the above
Exurbia refers to: A zone that is further out than many suburbs Areas of converted vacation homes Rural estates Areas containing longer-distance commuters and people who are able to work from home All of the above
All of the above
Greater opportunity for access to water transportation in Megalopolis could be attributed to: An interpenetrated coastline Bays and river estuaries that penetrate the landmass Peninsulas that jut into the Atlantic Ocean Islands that are scattered along the coast All of the above
All of the above
In North America the primary deposits of metallic ores are located in: a.The Canadian Shield b. Portions of the Appalachian Highlands c. The eastern Piedmont of the Appalachian Highlands d. Sections of the western mountains e. All of the above
All of the above
Northlands soils are:
All of the above
Service activities, wholesale and retail businesses, centers of information and control all grew and supported further urban expansion, with the greatest growth occurring in: New York Philadelphia Boston Baltimore All of the above
All of the above
The Land Ordinance of 1785 established:
All of the above
The physiography of the West is characterized by: -The Rocky Mountains on the east -The Pacific coastlands' mountains and valleys -A series of high, heavily dissected plateaus west of the Rockies -North-South trending mountains -All of the above
All of the above
The spread of urban population far beyond city limits also had a strong impact on rural activities in Megalopolis such as: -A greater number of people having to be fed by foodstuffs shipped in from rural areas -Tens of millions of people in urban Megalopolis began consuming agricultural products from across America and beyond -Table crops such as tomatoes, lettuce and apples came to dominate farm production in sections of rural Megalopolis -The production of dairy products increased -All of the above
All of the above
Urban forms are manifested by: Dense patterns of streets and buildings Industrial centers Retail clusters and wholesale clusters Governmental complexes All of the above
All of the above
What occurs wherever rivers flow off the Piedmont? A series of rapids form A series of small waterfalls are formed along a line tracing the physiographic boundary A boundary known as the fall line is formed A source of water power is created All of the above
All of the above
Which of the following are present in the metropolitan areas of Megalopolis? Crowded housing Industrial plants Theaters Dilapidated structures All of the above
All of the above
Which one of the following is NOT a benefit of the fall line? Water power Access to ocean shipping It was advantageous to the transfer of goods brought in or going out Settlements were able to develop because of ocean access All of the above are benefits of the fall line
All of the above are benefits of the fall line
Most American Indians are found in the major reservation areas, especially those in
All of the above are correc
What minimized Spanish concern for their northern territory?
All of the above are correct
An important element of its regional character is the North Pacific Coast's relative _____________from the rest of America.
All of the above are important elements
The region's average growing season is longer than 280 days and supports such crops as
All of the above are supported in this region
Which is TRUE about San Francisco's metropolitan area?
All of the above are true
Which is TRUE about the Bay Area Rapid Transit system?
All of the above are true
Which of the following is NOT true of Portland
All of the above are true
Which of the following is a type of tundra vegetation?
All of the above are types of tundra vegetation
The Southwest is made distinctive by the
All of the above contribute to its distinctiveness
All of the following are TRUE regarding the Border Industrialization Program EXCEPT
All of the above statements are correct
Which of the following did NOT facilitate the settlement of the South?
All the above contributed to the settlement of the South
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the metropolitan areas of Boston, Miami, and Vancouver?
All three grew to city size in the same historical period
The term 'fallow' refers to
Allowing the land to rest for a year under a recuperative grass
The term 'fallow' refers to:
Allowing the land to rest for a year under a recuperative grass
Proposition 13
Also known as the "tax revolt", it was a Californian ballot measure in 1978 that slashed property taxes and forced deep cuts in government services.
What is the technique often used by prairie farmers to preserve water?
Alternating rows of wheat with fallow rows
Which of the following was NOT a consequence of the 'Black Codes'?
Although sharecroppers, most Blacks owned the land they farmed
Regional boundaries are
Always changing over time
Regional boundaries are: Static Well-defined Easy to map Always changing over time Differentiate between sudden changes in cultural traits
Always changing over time
Nodal region
An area organized around a node or focal point
A narrow, jagged ridge line with small peaks created when two glaciers form in parallel valleys is called
An arête
Golden Horseshoe
An industrial district in Canada extending from Toronto to Hamilton, on the western end of Lake Ontario.
Riparian Rights
An owner's rights in land that borders on or includes a stream, river, or lake. These rights include access to and use of the water.
What are the major areas and agricultural products of the Bypassed East?
Annapolis River valley: apples, St. John- Aroostook Valley: potatoes, Lake Champlain Lowland: Milk shed: supplies milk to a metropolitan area for northern megalopolis. Prince Edward Island: Seed potatoes
What is the ethnic heritage of Appalachia and the Ozarks?
Appalachia: Germans, Scots, Irish, Catholic and Orthodox Ozarks: native americans??
ethnic heritage of Appalachia and the Ozarks
Appalachia: Germans, Scots, Irish, Catholic and Orthodox Ozarks: of English, Scots-Irish, and German descent,some Native American
The Interior Lowland is bound on the east by the
Appalachian
The Interior Lowland is bound on the east by the:
Appalachian Mountains
Blue Ridge
Appalachian Mtns; highest precipitation; clay and sandy soil; northeast Georgia
The Annapolis Valley is known to be Canada's center for production of
Apples
What is the average annual precipitation for the north coast of California?
Approximately 80 inches
Everywhere north of the ____________ is in darkness for at least one day at midwinter and experiences at least a 24-hour period without the sun setting at midsummer.
Arctic Circle
Places that experience greater seasonal temperature extremes
Are being affected by continentality
St. John
Area ideal for potato growth, widely sought seed potato production
Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain
Area of initial settlement, drowned river valleys, bays, swamps, barrier islands
In the postindustrial age, more employment opportunities exist in:
Areas with greater amenities like the California Region
In the postindustrial age, more employment opportunities exist in: -Areas with greater amenities like the California Region -Urban areas in the Manufacturing Core region -Agricultural areas like the Agricultural Core Region -Great population centers like the Megalopolis -Rural areas like the Appalachia Region
Areas with greater amenities like the California Region
Four extensive but generally unproductive soils are
Aridisols, Spodosols, tundra soils, highland soils
Four extensive but generally unproductive soils are:
Aridisols, spodosols, tundra soils, highland soils
This state has attracted the aircraft industry and the corporate offices of a number of other major corporations:
Arizona
Santa Fe
Capital of New Mexico
It is evident that manufacturing is an important economic activity in the United States through:
Articles of clothing, Items of preserved food, Residential structures, Means of transport and communication
In the decades between 1970 and 1990 the principal sources for immigrants into Canada were:
Asia and Europe
Flour milling sites sprang up
At points of embarkation, like Cincinnati
Coca-Cola and CNN are headquartered in:
Atlanta
A city that is an exception to water orientation is:
Atlanta Denver Calgary Dallas-Fort Worth
Bay Area Rapid Transit
BART
The PRIMARY crop in Alberta is
Barley
Economic activities that bring income to a region from outside are called:
Basic
BART
Bay Area Rapid Transit
Which of the following is NOT true regarding Honolulu:
Because of its size, living costs are about 20 percent below the national average
The Ogallala aquifer is
Being depleted
Washington, DC
Capital of the United States
All of the following might be considered PULL factors EXCEPT
Better employment opportunities elsewhere Closer proximity to loved ones Schools have higher rates of graduation Less commuting distance Correct Response All are examples of PULL factors
About 40 percent of Florida's citrus groves are found:
Between Tampa and Orlando
The largest human-made excavation is in
Bingham Canyon
All of the following are economic drivers in the Empty Interior EXCEPT
Biomedical research
What type of coal is MOST common in the Appalachians?
Bituminous
Immigration from China was:
Blocked by the United States after 1881 and by Canada in 1923
What are the three major physiographic provinces in Appalachia?
Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, Great Valley
three major physiographic provinces in Appalachia? What are the criteria for this regional scheme?
Blue Ridge, Ridge and Valley, Great Valley
The coniferous forest unique to the northlands region is called a:
Boreal forest
What major Manufacturing Core city changed to manufacturing electronic components and machinery?
Boston
Wheat was planted by settlers in the early nineteenth century as they moved west because:
Both B and C (It was a familiar crop to both the producers and the consumers, It was a high-value crop with a reliable market demand)
Between 1900 and 1997, the Midwest census showed:
Both B and D
Stonewall Jackson
Brave commander of the Confederate Army that led troops at Bull Run. He died in the confusion at the Battle of Chancellorsville.
Shenandoah Valley
Breadbasket of Virginia (hay, corn, apples)
Goods and people transfer from one transportation mode to another transportation mode at locations referred to as:
Break-in-Bulk Points
Which of the following terms best describes places where vessels were unloaded and their goods moved and reloaded onto other boats along the Northland waterway transportation network?
Break-in-bulk points
Which group led to arrival of Europeans in Ontario?
British Loyalist forced out of the United States after the Revolution.
Lower Canada
British colony "down" the St. Lawrence, mostly French speaking
In general terms, the topography of North America consists of:
Broad lowland plains East coast mountainous zones West coast mountainous zones
In general terms, the topography of North America consists of
Broad lowland plains, East coast mountainous zones, West coast mountainous zones
The primary role of the Appalachian Regional Commission was to:
Build roads and improve highways
This government agency controls the MOST land in the Empty Interior:
Bureau of Land Management
Crazy Horse monument
But Crazy Horse descendants feel the chief didn't have the right to ask that such a thing be done. Elaine Quiver, a descendant of Crazy Horse, told Voice of America in 2003 that Lakota culture requires consensus among family members, but nobody asked his descendants.
Bituminous coal
Coke for steel making and power plants
The MOST populous city of the Canadian prairies is
Calgary
All of the following are TRUE regarding the automobile landscape in California EXCEPT:
California spends more per capita on highway construction than any other state
cultural dualism that exists between Quebec and Ontario
Canada would lose the population and services Quebec: French, close to st Lawrence river, so has more access Ontario: British providence
The linear population distribution along Canada's southern border is partially a result of
Canadian policies using settlement as insurance against United States expansion
The linear population distribution along Canada's southern border is partially a result of:
Canadian policies using settlement as insurance against United States expansion
Settlement moved onto the interior grasslands more rapidly in the United States than in Canada for all of the following EXCEPT: -The Mississippi River and its tributaries offered easy routes -The Great Lakes presented a barrier to movement west in Canada -American settlers found excellent agricultural land well into the Great Plains -As they moved west, Canadian settlers found the land to be worthless for agriculture -Canadians moved south into the United States Great Plains
Canadians moved south into the United States Great Plains
Prince Edward Island
Charlottetown
In 1540, what did Francisco Vázquez de Coronado search for in what is now part of Kansas?
Cities of gold
fall line cities
Cities on the east coast located on a geographic boundary where the Piedmont meets the Atlantic Coast.
fall-line cities
Cities on the east coast located on a geographic boundary where the Piedmont meets the Atlantic Coast.
The region's MOST important specialty crops are:
Citrus fruits, rice, and sugarcane
Köppen is associated with:
Climate
What factor minimizes the moderating effect of the Arctic Ocean on the Northlands?
Climate
Köppen
Climatologists use a classification system devolved in 1918 by
Climax vegetation can be found:
Climax vegetation probably never existed
Which was NOT a staple of the early economy in Canada?
Coal
Largely ignored by 19th century Anglo settlers, the Navajo reservation lands are now highly valued because of their
Coal deposits
The region's major population clusters are i
Coastal Harbors and The Triassic Lowlands
Soils properties include
Color and Tecture
Soils properties include:
Color and Texture
Four Corners area
Colorado, Utah, Arizona, and New Mexico
Inshore fishing
Commercial fishing carried out close to shore in small, independently owned boats
Ninety years ago, the central business districts of all large cities were crowded with spiderweb networks of telephone lines, testifying to the intensity of:
Communication demands
In the 1980s U.S. farmers cut back on soybean production because:
Competition from foreign countries increased
Welland Canal
Connects all the Great Lakes with the Atlantic Ocean; part of the St. Lawrence Seaway
In terms of economic benefit, what is the most important mining resource in the Empty Interior?
Copper
By the 1830s the settlers in the agricultural core had switched crops and started planting a variety of:
Corn
Texas Triangle
Corpus Christi, Houston, San Antonio
Over time, the biggest revenue-generating crop grown in the South was
Cotton
Over time, the dominant revenue-generating crop grown in the South was:
Cotton
The United States is the leading exporter of all of the following EXCEPT:
Cotton
National Reclamation Act of 1902
Created to plan and develop irrigation projects
What are the site and situational characteristics of Canada's core region
Culture, health, political focus.
What are the site and situational characteristics of Canada's core region?
Culture, health, political focus.
site and situational characteristics of Canada's core
Culture, health, political focus.
Pennsylvania Valleys
Dairy, apples
The Cumberland Gap
Daniel Boone used this route (GAP) through the Appalachian Mountains, becomes Wilderness Road
Urban forms are manifested by
Dense patterns of streets and buildings, Industrial centers, Retail clusters and wholesale clusters, Governmental complexes
Iowa
Des Moines
What was the name of the new country early Mormons sought to create
Deseret
The city that derives its name from the French word for "the narrows" is
Detroit
Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA
Developed the resources of the Tennessee Valley
One way farmers adapt their practices to the flat terrain of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains is by:
Digging deep drainage ditches around fields
Given the disadvantageous nature of its site, how did Chicago emerge as the dominant city of the interior manufacturing core?
Disadvantages: bad water, swampy, fire. It emerged:people of south and west, the ports and transfer of goods and services
chicagos dominance
Disadvantages: bad water, swampy, fire. It emerged:people of south and west, the ports and transfer of goods and services
Latitude
Distance north or south of the equator
The Manufacturing Core rose to prominence:
During the 1870s
Which state in the Bypassed East has the HIGHEST per capita income?
New Hampshire
Topography's effect on precipitation almost disappears where?
East of the Rocky Mountains
Mohawk Corridor
East-west travel between the northeastern seaboard and the Great Lakes area
The cattle-grazing industry that the Spanish introduced into Texas was ill-suited to the moist, forested lands of the ___________portion of the state.
Eastern
Describe the conflicts that arise between the types of development in the eastern half of the region compared to the western half.
Eastern half: emphasizes environmental attractions, and Miami: recreation and travel, Cuban americans- links to latin America Western half: resources, manufacturing, trade, Houston.
development conflict in the eastern half of the region compared to the western half.
Eastern half: emphasizes environmental attractions, and Miami: recreation and travel, Cuban americans- links to latin America Western half: resources, manufacturing, trade, Houston.
North America's ethnic mosaic was a result of:
Economic Opportunity
How did the early plantation economy impact on the spatial organization of the South?
Economic activities??
North America's ethnic mosaic was a result of
Economic opportunity
Which statement is TRUE regarding urbanization in the Appalachian region?
Excepting West Virginia, every capital and major urban center lies outside of the region
Push factors
Factors that induce people to leave old residences.
pull factors
Factors that induce people to move to a new location.
When is winter wheat planted?
Fall
A large-scale map will show a large area.
False
A nodal region is characterized by a uniform set of features.
False
A uniform region is also called functional region.
False
Air arriving from the arid southwest usually carries MORE moisture across the Great Plains
False
Alaska has NO metropolitan areas.
False
Alaska has NO metropolitan areas. True or False?
False
Alaska has an economy of low prices resulting from its use of its own natural resources
False
Although Great Plains agriculture is large-scale, mechanization is rare and much of the work is still done by laborers
False
Forestry did not become nationally important until well into the 20th century when improved transportation facilities and the destructive overcutting of many eastern forests opened the region's woods to lumbering
False
Higher elevations are warmer than lower elevations by 6.5 degrees Celsius per kilometer.
False
Multifeature uniform regions are specific and frequently objective.
False
Multifeature uniform regions are specific and frequently objective. True or False?
False
Native Americans no longer live in the Great Plains
False
Only about 5 million Americans operated farms in 2002
False
Plucking rocks are massive boulders left behind by glaciers.
False
Proximity to the ocean always equals access to oceanic travel. True or False?
False
Regional boundaries are quite well-defined.
False
The High Plains is considered to be the smallest section of the Great Plains
False
The Yukon Delta is part of the National Park System
False
The rural Southern United States has very little poverty.
False
The rural Southern United States has very little poverty. True or False?
False
The type of rock that forms when small solid particles settle gradually in stationary or almost stationary water and are compressed over a long period of time is known as metamorphic rocks. True or False
False
True or false? Only about 5 million Americans operated farms in 2002.
False
Wind and temperature are the MOST important components of climate. True or False?
False
In the United States and Canada the major topographic features extend east-west across the continent.
False. (North/South)
All of the following are TRUE about water use in California EXCEPT
Farmers are unable to keep up with the costs of irrigation projects
The Columbia Plateau is a substantial
Farming area
Quebec
First permanent French settlement in North America, founded by Samuel de Champlain
Tourism
Fishing, skiing, canoeing, and just driving around
Florida Keys
Florida
Miami
Florida
Which of the following agriculture products does the Lompoc valley primarily produce?
Flowers
James River
Flows into the Chesapeake Bay; Richmond and Jamestown located along the James River
Tennessee valley
Fodder crops, livestock
Which is TRUE about the climate of the Bypassed East
Fog and clouds are common
What has long been a major economic mainstay of the north pacific region?
Forest products
Vegetation regions include:
Forest, Grasslands, Scrublands
Cajuns
French Acadians who were sent to Louisiana by the British.
Jacques Cartier
French explorer who explored the St. Lawrence river and laid claim to the region for France (1491-1557) Reached Montreal island
Gold and silver deposits can be found:
From south of the Mexican border to central Alaska
Since a variety of activities are carried on in a city, interaction is stimulated between or within zones of the same _________
Function
During which early trading period did the Métis appear in the Northlands?
Fur
Agricultural Adjustment Acts
Gave farmers money to reduce crop size to reduce production and bring up the value of crops
Which of the following is the main factor contributing to the poor economic opportunities in the Appalachians?
Geographic isolation and limited access to/from the region
The Interior Plains
Geographic region in the United States composed of flat lands
The mix of rocks and soil dropped by glaciers is known as:
Glacial Till
The unimpressive landscape of the agricultural core is a result of
Glaciation
Which one of the following does NOT explain how Long Island has enhanced the quality of New York's harbor? -The length of coastline available for port facilities, already significant along the Hudson River, was increased considerably -When an urban area grows around a large, fully developed harbor, the growth creates a demand for more space -Good land to accommodate the New York area's urban growth was not restricted to the west of the Hudson River in New Jersey by tidal marshes and the erosion-resistant ridge of the Palisades -Long Island had good harbors that lent themselves to expansion -All of the above
Good land to accommodate the New York area's urban growth was not restricted to the west of the Hudson River in New Jersey by tidal marshes and the erosion-resistant ridge of the Palisades
The region occupying most of the center of the United States is
Great Pains and Prairies
The region occupying most of the center of the United States is:
Great Pains and Prairies
The region showing the greatest negative population change is the:
Great Plains and Prairies
All of the following are TRUE about ethnic diversity in Los Angeles EXCEPT:
Greater Los Angeles has the largest Chinese population outside China
Scots-Irish
Group that settled the frontier, made whiskey, and hated the British and other governmental authorities
Nova Scotia
Halifax
Which of the following is the Bypassed East's largest city?
Halifax and Nova Scotia
The LARGEST and SMALLEST of the main eight islands are
Hawaii and Kahoolawe
Extreme variations in precipitation from one Hawaiian location to another are caused by:
Hawaii's unique topography
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT
In Los Angeles, mountain breezes push pollutants out towards the Pacific
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Northlands region?
High amounts of precipitation
Mining has all of the following impacts on the Appalachian region EXCEPT
High profits from taxes of local economies
All of the following might be considered PUSH characteristics EXCEPT:
Higher wages elsewhere
All of the following might be considered PUSH characteristics EXCEPT: Higher wages elsewhere Religious intolerance War High crime rates Ethnic discrimination
Higher wages elsewhere
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Northland's region?
Highest precipitation levels occur in the far southeast part of the region
Which of the following is NOT true about John Borchert?
His model for metropolitan growth was called the concentric zone model
Layers within soil are known as:
Horizons
Great Lakes
Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior
The Southern Coastlands are the region where:
Hurricanes concentrate
Stock-car racing
I am the official state sport. Fans come watch at the track or speedway.
In the 19th and early 20th centuries, cheap transportation was of critical importance to those moving iron ore to the coal fields in:
Illinois, Indiana, Ohio, West Virginia
Which of the following is NOT true about the European immigration patterns to North America: -Nearly all French migration to Canada occurred in the seventeenth century -In 1790 two-thirds of the white United States population was ethnically British -Immigration to North America increased rapidly between 1760 and 1815 -The number of French in Canada increased hundreds of times over in last 300 years -Germans and Dutch made up a significant portion of the immigrants in 1790
Immigration to North America increased rapidly between 1760 and 1815
Salton Sea
Imperial Valley water flow from Colorado River, tried to increase water flow and the flood created the
Shenandoah Valley
Important source of Confederate supplies and key victory for Union; breadbasket of Virginia
The development of sugar plantations created a need for
Imported Labor
site and situation factors
In terms of production, these refer to factors like labor cost, distance to markets, and labor laws. They help influence where industries locate.
The Grand Canyon is located:
In the Colorado plateau
Metropolitan Statistical Area
In the US, a central city of at least 50,000 population, the county within which the city is located, the adjacent counties meeting one of the several tests indicating a functional connection to the central city
major identifying regional features are found
In the core of a multifeatured uniform region:
Quaternary occupations are in the field of:
Information and data manipulation
Port Royal
Inland river territory, scene of fierce competition between the French and land-speculating English colonists
Lake Bonneville
Inland sea left by melting glaciers whose remnant is the Great Salt Lake
Jim Crow laws
Institutionalized racial segregation
Borchert's Third Epoch was stimulated by the development of steel, which replaced
Iron rails
The Winter Garden area of the lower Rio Grande Valley is a major area of
Irrigated agriculture
The Great Salt Lake
Is saltier than the oceans
As a result of the massive weight of vast ice sheets covering much of the Shield over the last 1 million years this region:
Is slowly increasing in elevation
The core of a multifeatured uniform region:
Is where the major identifying regional features are found
All of the following are TRUE about the California megalopolis EXCEPT:
It began its urban shift just after World War II
All of the following are advantages to growing corn EXCEPT:
It can be grown year after year on the same land
Which of the following is NOT true about the great Arctic ice pack?
It holds less fresh water then all the world lakes.
Which of the following is NOT true regarding plantation agriculture?
It increased voluntary immigration to the South
What is TRUE about the 'Extraterrestrial Highway' in the Empty Interior?
It is known for its sparse human impact
Which statement is TRUE about location of the Canadian National core?
It is located at the far east of the center of the country
Which is NOT true about Northern Appalachia?
It is much less developed than Southern Appalachia
Which statement is TRUE regarding the precipitation in the western portion of the Great Plains?
It is often lighter than other parts of the region
Which statement is TRUE about Proposition 13?
It limits property taxes and limits a county's ability to raise revenue
All of the following are TRUE about the California Aqueduct EXCEPT:
It originates at the Delta-Mendota canal
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the Salton Sea?
It provides irrigation water for the Imperial Valley
Which best describes the Big Thompson River project?
It supplied water down the western slope of the Rockies Front Range
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the Southern steel industry?
It was aided by corporate manipulation of the market
The reasons why any city grew where it did are often divided in aspects of:
Its site and situation
A city's site relates to
Its soil characteristics, Its terrain, Its topography, Its access to water transportation
The Napa Valley is noted for
Its vineyards
quaternary sector
Jobs that deal with the handling and processing of knowledge and information
Quaternary Sector
Jobs that deal with the handling and processing of knowledge and information.
Counties showing large positive population change are located in all the following states EXCEPT
Kansas
Counties showing large positive population change are located in all the following states EXCEPT: Nevada Arizona Kansas Colorado Florida
Kansas
What is the general climate of the Great Plains?
Large temperature extremes resulting from very cold winters and very hot summers
The development in the eastern half of the Southern Coastlands region is:
Largely recreational and includes abundant retirement communities
The Allegheny Plateau contains which of the following?
Largest deposits of coal in the world
carrying capacity
Largest number of individuals of a population that a environment can support
Great Salt Lake
Largest saltwater lake in North America
San Antonio
Largest settlement in Texas during the Spanish period
The fastest growing city in the Empty Interior is
Las Vegas
The growing season in the Southern Coastlands region
Lasts at least 9 months
In the decades between 1970 and 1990 the principal sources for immigrants into the United States were:
Latin America and Asia
Angular measurement of distance north or south of the Equator is known as:
Latitude
Jim Crow laws
Laws designed to enforce segregation of blacks from whites
Overburden
Layer of soil and rock overlying a mineral deposit. Surface mining removes this layer.
The offshore banks comprise all but the following:
LeFevere Bank
What are the mining activities in the region?
Lead, Oil, Zinc, and copper. Shaft Mining: underground mining, surface mining, strip mining
mining activities in the region
Lead, Oil, Zinc, and copper. Shaft Mining: underground mining, surface mining, strip mining
Francisco Vázquez de Coronado
Leader of Spanish expedition into northern frontier region of New Spain; entered what is now United States in search of mythical cities of gold.
About what percentage of the population of the United States were farmers in 2002?
Less than 1%
Karst formations are associated with
Limestone
Mixed farming refers to farmers who raise
Livestock and feed grain
Appalachian farms were marginalized from the prosperity of large scale farming in the United States mainly due to:
Local geography prevented farmers from ever having large farms to compete, especially after rising farm costs
Prince Edward Island
Located in New Brunswick, seed potatoes
Aroostook Valley
Located in St John (Maine), potatoes
Annapolis river valley
Located in novia scotia, apples
How might you define the relative location of the continent's manufacturing core?
Located near resources, oil and steel, above megalopolis, culture
relative location of the continent's manufacturing core
Located near resources, oil and steel, above megalopolis, culture
In geography, situation describes:
Locational features that link one place to another
example of a moraine
Long Island
Describe the long-lots of Southern Quebec. What are the advantages of this unique survey system?
Long lots- people interact with neighbors easier. They are on a river. Advantages: access to main transport line which is the river, inclusion of land of all types (swamp to upland)
long-lots of Southern Quebec
Long lots- people interact with neighbors easier. They are on a river. Advantages: access to main transport line which is the river, inclusion of land of all types (swamp to upland)
Quebec Succession
Lose 25% of population, lose 90% of Canadas economy, lose mouth of St. Law
Northern Appalachia
Lower mountains, less poor, orthodox and catholic, more economic activities, more diverse
Lignite coal
Lowest grade of coal containing only about 30% carbon.
The North Pacific Coast is the leading producer of:
Lumber
The mechanical reaper
Machine invented by Cyrus McCormick that could harvest wheat quickly
Mechanical Reaper
Machine invented by Cyrus McCormick that could harvest wheat quickly (mechanically)
In which of the following states is forestry a key industry?
Maine
Which state accounts for over 70% of the United States lobster catch?
Maine
What state and province share the Aroostook-St. John River Valley?
Maine and New Brunswick
White Pine
Maine to become a center for ship construction, all gone now
Department of the Interior
Manages and protects the nations public lands and natural resources
A basic economic activity is:
Manufacturing
A basic economic activity is: Manufacturing A barber shop A grocery store Retail sales Food services
Manufacturing
Which of the following regions does NOT extend WEST of the Mississippi River?
Manufacturing Core
Which of the following regions does NOT extend WEST of the Mississippi River? Manufacturing Core Southwest Border Area California Southern Coastlands Great Plains and Prairies
Manufacturing Core
A major impact of massive office clusters emerging within the suburban rings surrounding the central cities is:
Many exceeded the square footage of downtown office space
The MOST fertile major soil group in the agricultural core is the
Mollisols
The MOST fertile major soil group in the agricultural core is the:
Mollisols
Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers
Monongahela River rises in northern West Virginia and flows north into PA where it joins allegheny River at Pittsburg to form Ohio River Monogahela
North America's traditional population core lies in a quadrant defined by:
Montreal, Chicago, St. Louis and Washington, D.C.
When glaciers pause during their retreat they leave behind hills of debris referred to as:
Moraines
Deseret
Mormon land in Utah
Which of the following is TRUE regarding the Mormon legacy in the Empty Interior?
Mormons initiated large-scale irrigation projects that are now the norm for the region
Lompoc Valley
Most flowers grown for seed in the United States are planted in
Francophones
Most native speakers of the French language in Canada live in Quebec, where French is the official and majority language.
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding tourism in Hawaii:
Most visitors to Hawaii now come from Asia
All of the following are TRUE about the topography of California EXCEPT
Mount Whitney is the highest peak in the Coast Range
Adirondacks
Mountain range in upstate New York that is separated from the Green Mountains of Vermont by Lake George and Lake Champlain
High precipitation and the vegetation associated with this heavy moisture are the result of the influence of __________ on the region's climate
Mountains
Green Mountains
Mountains in Vermont
The highest mountain in North America is
Mt. McKinley
The highest mountain in North America is:
Mt. McKinley
The eastern half of the agricultural core occupies the same area as the western half of the manufacturing core because
Much of the urban development and manufacturing capacity was stimulated by the demands of agricultural producers
Apache
Native American-Indian tribe; 1870's; group from Arizona and New Mexico led by Geronimo were difficult to control; chased into Mexico by Federal troops; they became successful farmers raising stock in Oklahoma
Many petroleum deposits are found in conjunction with
Natural Gas
Many petroleum deposits are found in conjunction with:
Natural Gas
Most large cities in the United States and Canada are located near:
Navigable waters
Arizona and New Mexico together are the home to about how many American Indians?
Nearly 400,000
Which statement is TRUE about the separatist referendum of Quebec?
Nearly half of Quebec does not want to succeed
Las Vegas
Nevada
Which of the following has the GREATEST percentage of land area dedicated to forestry industries?
New Brunswick
Which one of the following had access to very productive fishing banks?
New England Coast
Which one of the following regions was covered with hardwood and pine forests ideal for ship construction?
New England Hills
What are the major factors that have limited manufacturing in New England?
New England is more unified, and the lack of effect of us to Canada boundary.
Economic activities that recirculate money already in a region are called:
Nonbasic
Tundra soils with frozen and often water saturated soils dominate the
North
Mount Mitchell, the tallest peak in the eastern United States, is located in:
North Carolina
The Manufacturing Core includes parts of all the following states EXCEPT
North Carolina
The Manufacturing Core includes parts of all the following states EXCEPT: Ohio North Carolina Pennsylvania Michigan Indiana
North Carolina
Which state is NOT part of the Empty Interior region?
North Dakota
Which state is NOT part of the Empty Interior region? Utah Arizona Colorado North Dakota Wyoming
North Dakota
French geographer Jean Gottmann's 'very special region' is located in the
Northeastern United States
The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain extends from
Northern Mexico to New England
The Manufacturing Core of the United States includes all of the following areas EXCEPT:
Northern New England
Which of the following is TRUE about the Canadian electrical power
Northland hydroelectric facilities provide nearly 70% of Canada's electricity
Precipitation above 190 centimeters is common, and averages are double that amount on the western slopes of the Olympic Mountains in ___________Washington.
Northwestern
Mixed hardwood forests in Ohio, Indiana, and lower Michigan were signs that:
Noting the gradual transition from forested land to grasslands
Halifax
Nova Scotia
Atlanta-Birmingham-Chattanooga Triangle
Numerous iron-making companies and iron- and steel-using industries
The territory created by the Canadian government in 1999 to settle Inuit land claims is known as:
Nunavut
Soil horizons in order
O, A, E, B, C, R
New Orleans became both a control point and a shipping focus for the entire Mississippi River system because:
Of its site
The New York metropolitan economy has become dominated by what kind of industries?
Office
The climate of the Bypassed East can generally be described as the following:
Often cold and damp
Within the interior core, the _________River crosses the interior plains for hundreds of kilometers before joining the ___________ River.
Ohio, Mississippi
heavy manufacturing industries
Oil, mining, shipbuilding, steel, chemicals, machinery manufacturing
All of the following are states in the Empty Interior EXCEPT:
Oklahoma
The Appalachian Highlands
Old, eroded mountains (oldest mountain range in North America)
Moisture falls:
On the windward side of a mountain
Mauna Loa pours out lava on the average of:
Once every four years
What province benefited the MOST from the opening of the Welland Canal?
Ontario
Which of the following incorporated areas is farthest east of the City of Los Angeles?
Ontario
Lake Placid
Opening Ceremonies of the 13th Winter Olympics are held in...
What competitor states have been the main threats to the St. John-Aroostook Valley farmers' economic development?
Oregon and Idaho
Site and situation are clues to the __________ of the Megalopolis.
Origin and Growth
Site and situation are clues to the __________ of the Megalopolis
Origins and growth
What are some of the major social and environmental problems experienced within Megalopolis? Identify some possible solutions.
Over crowded housing = urban sprawl, gentrification = waste management and pollution issues solutions- wider roads, more efficient use of vehicles like car pooling
What are some of the major social and environmental problems experienced within Megalopolis? Identify some possible solutions
Over crowded housing = urban sprawl, gentrification = waste management and pollution issues. (making a place more suitable) increased capacity-wider roads, more efficient use of vehicles like car pooling
social and environmental problems experienced within Megalopolis
Over crowded housing = urban sprawl, gentrification = waste management and pollution issues. (making a place more suitable) increased capacity-wider roads, more efficient use of vehicles like car pooling
Which of the following has become a high-status community free from the typical Los Angeles smog?
Palm Springs
Which of the following best describes the "rang" system?
Parceling of land to settlers in parts of Quebec and Ontario
driftless area
Part of Wisconsin not covered by the last glaciation, contains non-glacial topography absent everywhere else
Which of the following does NOT affect the pattern of manufacturing industries in the United States? -Industrial linkages -Differences in labor availability Patterns of city growth Quality of transportation facilities Local political attitudes
Patterns of City Growth
Which of the following does NOT affect the pattern of manufacturing industries in the United States?
Patterns of city growth
Which of the following is NOT part of the Changing South region?
Peninsular Florida
The cultural characteristics found in the agricultural core include
People who are politically and socially conservative
Maritime moderation in northlands region is significant only along the:
Peripheries of the region
In some cases, decayed organic matter is trapped between folds of rock and is then found as:
Petroleum
What and where are the major areas of mineral production in the Bypassed East?
Petroleum and natural gas: Hibernia field off of newfoundland, Iron ore: Adirondacks, Labrador. Coal in Nova Scotia. Building stone/ granite and marble in Vermont and Maine
Which two cities are so different in industrial inheritance and urban character but now show indications they may be becoming more alike?
Philadelphia and Baltimore
This city has doubled in size several times since 1950 and it is now a major urban area:
Phoenix
The North Pacific Coast is primarily defined on the basis of its:
Physical environment
Traveling inland from the Atlantic Coast, the very flat coastal plain is succeeded by a rolling, frequently hilly landscape called the
Piedmont
A mixture of these two trees predominates around the Great Lakes
Pines; Hardwoods
Lodgepole Pine
Pinus contorta, Pinaceae
major manufacturing core cities
Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Louisville, cities on Ohio River, Detroit, Buffalo, Cleveland
major manufacturing core cities
Pittsburg, cincinnati, Louisville, buffalo, all on Ohio river, Cleveland, and Detroit
Continentality
Places far from large bodies of water have greater seasonal extremes of temperature than coastal communities
Bracero program
Plan that brought laborers from Mexico to work on American farms
"let it burn policy"
Policy change that allows naturally-started fires to burn rather than racing to put them out
Which of the following is TRUE about agriculture in the Canadian Shield?
Poor soil and harsh climate restricted productive farming.
What city/nation was the first European settlement in the Bypassed East?
Port Royal/France
Economies specializing in professions and services are known as:
Postindustrial
Economies specializing in professions and services are known as: Basic Regional Postindustrial Nonbasic Manufacturing
Postindustrial
Aroostook Valley
Potato producing valley in Maine
What crop is The Aroostook Valley of Maine and New Brunswick know for producing
Potatoes
What quality of the vegetation on the Great Plains did NOT lend it to plowing?
Prairie grass root systems are deep and well developed
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the Great Plains region?
Prairie grasses have shallow, simple root systems in order to take maximum advantage of the region's precipitation
It is variations in ____________ that mark seasonal changes on the islands:
Precipitation
Leaching
Process of soil nutrient removal by erosion and chemical action of water
Buffalo Commons
Proposed refuge for wildlife and Native American populations
The initial role of the Tennessee Valley Authority was to:
Provide navigable waterways through the Tennessee River stream network
The latest patterns of internal migration in the United States reflect the recent economic growth patterns in:
Providing services and manipulating data
Discuss the push and pull factors that led to the tremendous out-migration of Black people from the South.
Push factors: Jim crow laws- violence, war in Europe- cutting off market for cotton Pull factors: jobs in industry, opportunity for better life
Which of the following is NOT considered a main occupation of the region?
Retail
As of 2001, 90% of Canadians speak French in?
Quebec
This Canadian province tried to secede from Canada?
Quebec
Which industry was key to the settlement of a large portion of the small towns in the Empty Interior?
Railroad
Southern Pacific Railroad
Railroad into Southern California that greatly sparked interest in that area, despite the former idea that Southern California was unfarmable.
Broad geographical areas of distinctive character are called
Regions
Broad geographical areas of distinctive character are called:
Regions
Which of the following is NOT correct
Regions are primarily physical constructs
Which of the following is NOT correct?
Regions are primarily physical constructs
Which of the following is NOT correct? -Regions are primarily physical constructs -No one regional scheme is necessarily better than another -Regions are systems of categorization -A regionalization is acceptable if it meets the requirements of its creator -Regions make combinations of discrete information understandable
Regions are primarily physical constructs
British Loyalists
Remained loyal to the Crown and England/powerful navy/well trained
Exurbia
Residential areas far from big cities
exurbia
Residential areas far from big cities; region beyond suburbs
The development in the western half of the Southern Coastlands region is heavily dependent on
Resource extraction
Landscapes
Scenery of places, including physical, human, and cultural features
In 1883 the Northern Pacific Railroad was completed to
Seattle
In 1883 the Northern Pacific Railroad was completed to:
Seattle
Which type of rock is NOT a major component of the Canadian Shield?
Sedimentary
The type of rock that forms when small solid particles settle gradually in stationary or almost stationary water and are compressed over a long period of time is known as:
Sedimentary Rock
The type of rock that forms when small solid particles settle gradually in stationary or almost stationary water and are compressed over a long period of time is known as:
Sedimentary rock
Niagara Peninsula
Separates Lake Ontario and Lake Erie. Crosses by Niagara River. Cascades over Niagara Falls. All waters flowing from the lakes flows into the falls. Hydroelectric power.
Tertiary occupations are in the field of:
Services such as retail or restaurant work
All of these are defining characteristic of the Canadian Core EXCEPT?
Several large multi-nodal urban-industrial cities.
A form of agricultural tenancy where the tenant pays for use of the land with a portion of the crop is known as
Sharecropping
A form of agricultural tenancy where the tenant pays for use of the land with a portion of the crop is known as:
Sharecropping
welland canals
Ship canal in Ontario, Canada, connecting Lake Ontario and Lake Erie
Typically, what economic activity is found in the fringe suburbs near major highways?
Shopping Centers
Typically, what economic activity is found in the fringe suburbs near major highways?
Shopping centers
great circle route
Shortest route between any two places on the planet
Borchert's Model better understand the evolving American urban system
Showed change as time went on 1st: sail wagon, 2nd: railway development, 3rd: steel rail, 4th: auto-air-amenity
How can Borchert's Model be employed to better understand the evolving nature of the American urban system?
Showed the population and change of the city as time went on; named periods of time. 1st: sail wagon, 2nd: railway development, 3rd: steel rail, 4th: auto-air-amenity
The drainage basin of the Mississippi River is an example of a: Single-feature nodal region Single-feature uniform region Multifeature nodal region Multifeature uniform region None of the above
Single- feature uniform region
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding rural Southern poverty?
Small-scale southern white farmers managed to escape the poverty levels of Black farmers
Appalachian Plateau
Smallest of Georgia's regions; contains the only fossil fuel deposits (coal) in the state.
Which statement is FALSE about air quality in Southern California?
Smog levels have increased over the last 25 years due to more automobiles
Lignite Coal
Soft, brownish coal
Megalopolis provided easy ocean access to all of the following EXCEPT: Europe South America The Caribbean colonies Southern North America The British Isles
South America
The giant Crazy Horse monument can be found in which state?
South Dakota
n what state would you primarily find the Black Hills?
South Dakota
The Grand Coulee Dam made large amounts of irrigation water available to
South-central Washington
By 1913, more than 80 percent of all immigrants into the United States were from:
Southern and Eastern Europe
Black Codes
Southern laws designed to restrict the rights of the newly freed black slaves
A coniferous forest stretches across an arc in the
Southern part of the region
Presidios
Spanish military bases built to protect the missions
North American's manufacturing hearth is:
The Pittsburgh steel cities region
Describe the five general components of the urban landscape
Spatial interaction, spatial complementary, functional complexity, public services, accessibility
five general components of the urban landscape
Spatial interaction, spatial complementary, functional complexity, public services, accessibility
The type of soils you would expect to find in a cool, moist climate are:
Spodosols
Which river has its mouth on the northern coastline of the Bypassed East?
St. Lawrence
EXCEPT for Spain's modest northward expansion from the Rio Grande, Europe's settlement of North America:
Started along the continent's east coast and moved west
White-tailed deer
State Animal
What are the significant attributes of Pittsburgh's site and situation
Steel is located here and is important for the cities growth. River junction: two rivers: Allegheny and monongahela river, raw materials, down river market
Which of the following helped solidify the Canadian core as the focus of Canada's transportation network?
Strong economic trade connections to Europe
The most substantial group of Native Americans in the region can be found in:
Substantial groups of Native Americans are found in all of the above
An increasing number of urbanites have minimized some disadvantages of city living by moving their residences to _________locations
Suburban
An increasing number of urbanites have minimized some disadvantages of city living by moving their residences to _________locations.
Suburban
What are the key specialty crops in the region?
Sugar cane, citrus, rice
the key specialty crops in the region
Sugar cane, citrus, rice
One byproduct of burning coal from the Eastern Interior Field is a noxious gas called:
Sulfur Dioxide
Which of the following is the historical time of year in which sea ice allows cross-Arctic sea transport?
Summer
Which of the following is NOT one of the fish in the Atlantic Province catch
Swordfish
Crop Lien System
System that allowed farmers to get more credit. They used harvested crops to pay back their loans.
Hispano/Chicano/Tejano
T- hispanic texans h- hispanic american c- live in us have strong mexican american ties
The most important components of climate are:
Temperature and Precipitation
The most important components of climate are
Temperature and precipitation
Clarksville
Tennessee
Which of the following is NOT part of the Ozark tristate district?
Tennessee
New South
Term that identified southern promoters' belief in the technologically advanced industrial South
The monotony of the interior plain's flatness is broken up by
Terminal moraines
Which state has the GREATEST power capacity from wind farming
Texas
What is the significance of the term "transportation shadow" as it applies to the Bypassed East?
That it is an area of limited development located near an area of much greater accessibility. The bypast east became isolated as settlement pushed westward
Area of the United states that exhibited the lowest level of poverty as a percentage of population in 2014
The Agricultural Core region
Which of the following areas of the United States exhibits the LOWEST level of poverty as a percentage of population in 2014?
The Agricultural Core region
The most important coal deposits in the United States are in
The Appalachian field
The most important coal deposits in the United States are in:
The Appalachian field
The physiographic region MOST affected by glaciation is
The Canadian Shield
The physiographic region MOST affected by glaciation is:
The Canadian Shield
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the Northland region?
The Canadian Shield is underlain by relatively new basaltic rock
In North America the primary deposits of metallic ores are located in
The Canadian Shield, Portions of the Appalachian Highlands, The eastern Piedmont of the Appalachian Highlands, Sections of the Western mountains.
What is generally true about the population and economics of Canada?
The Canadian core contains the majority of the population and most of the economic activities
Ninety percent of British Columbia's forests are owned by
The Canadian government
According to the Association of Statisticians of American Religious Bodies, in 2000 the most dominant religion at the county level in the United States is:
The Catholic Church
All of the following statements are TRUE regarding the Central Valley EXCEPT
The Central Valley receives more precipitation than the California coast
All of the following statements are TRUE regarding the Central Valley EXCEPT:
The Central Valley receives more precipitation than the California coast
The cultural contributions of African-Americans are more predominate in:
The Changing South Region
The cultural contributions of African-Americans are more predominate in:
The Changing South region
The Trail of Tears refers to the forced relocation of
The Cherokee
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding the topography of the North Pacific Coast?
The Coast Mountains decline in elevation from west to east
The portion of southwestern Wisconsin and the part of the adjacent Mississippi River that escaped glaciation are known as:
The Driftless area
Long range economic plans for the Empty Interior are decided by:
The Federal government
Cotton was the major cash crop in all of the following areas EXCEPT
The Florida Panhandle
Who was responsible for establishing many of the trading posts in the Canadian Prairies, such as Edmonton?
The Hudson Bay Company
The settlers who arrived in Hawaii about 1500 years ago came from:
The Marquesas
Which of the following is NOT true about water consumption in California?
The Metropolitan Water District serves cities in all of California's counties
The MOST widely used and understood name for the U.S. portion of the agricultural core region is
The Midwest
The Manufacturing Core region of the US is bordered by or overlaps all of the following EXCEPT:
The Mississippi River
Which of the following statements is NOT true regarding the relative location of the Manufacturing Core?
The Mississippi River formed a barrier to east-west transportation
Which of following has allowed for the irrigation of at least a quarter of the Great Plains?
The Ogallala Aquifer
Which of the following statements is INCORRECT? The United States imports nearly all its coal The United States imports nearly half of its petroleum The United States imports all its tin The United States imports all its aluminum The United States imports an increasing amount of iron ore
The United States imports nearly all its coal
Which canal was built to bypass Niagara Falls?
The Wellands
Bilingualism
The ability to speak two languages
What are some of the general circumstances that contributed to the growth of an American manufacturing core?
The accessibility resources, like welland canals, ports, goods and services and raw materials. Railroads and canals.
Complementarity
The actual or potential relationship between two places, usually referring to economic interactions.
complementary
The actual or potential relationship between two places, usually referring to economic interactions.
When the United States had a warfare-generated labor shortage, Mexican laborers could enter the United States and work in
The agricultural sector
The dramatic seasonal variation in temperature results from shifts in:
The angle of incidence of the sun's rays
An example of an urbanized cluster is:
The area between Boston and Washington D.C.
Farm machinery can be used throughout the Agriculture Core region because:
The area has low, moderate relief
Farm machinery can be used throughout the region because
The area has low, moderate relief
Central Business District (CBD)
The area of a city where retail and office activities are clustered.
What was the MOST important contribution to the production of the southern California landscape?
The automobile
Green River Formation
The basins comprises of three primary lakes formed as a consequnce of drainage from tectonic highlands envolved in the uplift of the Rocky Mountains during Tertiary time.
Redwoods
The beautiful trees that inspired John Muir in Yosemite Valley.
Settlement density increases as we approach:
The city core
What are the major changes that have occurred in the South's economic structure since the mid-1930s?
The civil rights act??
Which of the following did NOT contribute to the outmigration of Blacks from the South?
The increasing flow of European immigrants into the South
Maritime influence
The influence of the sea on climate
The growth of the region was reflected in the gradual shift of transportation concentration as railroad lines began to spread across:
The interior Plains
Which of the following is NOT a reason Northern textile manufacturers moved to the South?
The lack of land in the North for new factories
Allegheny Plateau
The largest region of Pennsylvania
In terms of quality harbors, what makes Megalopolis different from other cities such as San Francisco, Seattle, and Mobile?
The location of the harbors and their proximity to one another
In terms of quality harbors, what makes Megalopolis different from other cities such as San Francisco, Seattle, and Mobile?
The location of the harbors and their proximity to one another.
All of the following are TRUE regarding California's population EXCEPT
The majority population are California natives
All of the following are TRUE regarding California's population EXCEPT:
The majority population are California natives
Which of the following is the driving force behind Appalachian poverty
The mechanization of coal mining
The Great Lakes connect:
The mineral-rich Canadian Shield and the fuel-rich Interior Plains
MOST precipitation in the Great Plains is caused by:
The mixture of northern and southern air masses
Bituminous coal
The most common form of coal; produces a high amount of heat and is used extensively by electric power plants.
The Southern Coastlands region extends from
The mouth of the Rio Grande, through Florida and up to North Carolina
Yukon River
The mouth of which river is farther north - the Yukon River or the Columbia River?
Easy and inexpensive shipment of farm goods in Agriculture Core region is a result of:
The natural networks of waterways
Easy and inexpensive shipment of farm goods is a result of
The natural networks of waterways
Which part of Megalopolis was covered by glaciers during the most recent Ice Age?
The northern half
An important high-volume business enterprise of the early South was
The plantation
secondary sector
The portion of the economy concerned with manufacturing useful products through processing, transforming, and assembling raw materials.
primary sector
The portion of the economy concerned with the direct extraction of materials from Earth's surface
Tertiary Sector
The portion of the economy concerned with transportation, communications, and utilities
Thematic regionalization
The process of dividing an area into smaller segments called regions
Bochert's Second Epoch was triggered by the development of:
The railway
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Northlands region climate:
The region's climate is mostly a maritime climate
Grand Banks
The rich fishing area in the Atlantic Ocean near Newfoundland
Altamaha River
The river along which the Highland Scots settled.
St. Lawrence River
The river that connects Lake Superior with the Atlantic Ocean and is a major trade route for Canada
Transhumance
The seasonal migration of livestock between mountains and lowland pastures.
The regions's climate is influenced by
The warm waters of the Gulf of Mexico
Much of the basis for the location of the industrial capacity that developed along the southern margins of the Great Lakes can be attributed to
Their function as a natural accessibility resource
Capturing what is fundamentally significant in a region rather than using predetermined categories is called: Scale Landscape evolution Single classification Thematic regionalization Topography
Thematic Region
Capturing what is fundamentally significant in a region rather than using predetermined categories is called:
Thematic regionalization
All of the following are TRUE about California's climate EXCEPT
There is a definite east-west gradient in average annual precipitation
All of the following are TRUE about California's climate EXCEPT:
There is a definite east-west gradient in average annual precipitation
Which of the following is NOT true regarding the cultural effects of cash crop agriculture?
There was increased interaction with the North
As a direct consequence of high farm productivity on high-quality agricultural land and the natural accessibility provided by the region's waterways
There were industrial growth opportunities in Kansas City, Chicago and Cincinnati
As a direct consequence of high farm productivity on high-quality agricultural land and the natural accessibility provided by the region's waterways:
There were industrial growth opportunities in Kansas City, Chicago and Cincinnati
All of the following are TRUE regarding the grape crop of the San Joaquin Valley EXCEPT
These grapes produce the state's finest wines
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding multifeatured uniform regions?
They are frequently quite objective
Which of the following is INCORRECT regarding multifeatured uniform regions? -They summarize different types of information for a given area -They encompass several distinct zones -They have a core area containing the major identifying features -They are frequently quite objective -They are usually quite general in nature
They are frequently quite objective
Which of the following is NOT true about the Canadian lumbering, pulp, and paper industries?
They are owned by the Canadian government
Which of the following is TRUE about the trees of the taiga?
They are slow growing and short
Which of the following is TRUE about the skylines of San Francisco and Los Angeles?
They both had a practically even and low skyline with very few tall buildings until recently
Which of the following is TRUE about the Hudson's Bay Company expansion into the Canadian Northlands?
They established on the margins of the Hudson Bay, and then pushed south and west.
Large, nearly flat fields in the Agricultural Core can be managed by small numbers of farmers as long as:
They have enough equipmen
Basic economic activities are:
Those industries that bring income into an area
Nonbasic economic activities are
Those industries that recirculate money through the local economy
Nonbasic economic activities are:
Those industries that recirculate money through the local economy
. Nonbasic economic activities are:
Those industries that recirculate money through the local economy.
The manufacturing region overlaps the agricultural core
Throughout much of Ohio
Which of the following Northland ports is the second largest in Canada?
Thunder Bay
glacial till and moraines
Till is gravel, clay and rock--> when it mounds up it is called moraines
What were the initial goals of the Tennessee Valley Authority? Discuss the major contributions of the TVA.
To improve accessibility through rivers: transportation, water power, flood control, navigation
initial goals of the Tennessee Valley Authority
To improve accessibility through rivers: transportation, water power, flood control, navigation
What were the original objectives of the Appalachian Regional Commission? Discuss the major goals of the ARC.
To improve highways and roads: decrease isolation and attract manufacturers
original objectives of the Appalachian Regional Commission
To improve highways and roads: decrease isolation and attract manufacturers
Until the end of the nineteenth century in the United States, the population migrated
To the West and frontier agricultural lands
Until the end of the nineteenth century in the United States, the population migrated:
To the West and frontier agricultural lands
What are the key agricultural products of the region?
Tobacco, apples, tomatoes, cabbage, corn to moonshine, marijuana
key agricultural products of the region
Tobacco, apples, tomatoes, cabbage, corn to moonshine, marijuana
A portion of the United States may be occupied by parts of two or more multifeature regions.
True
A uniform region may be multifeatured.
True
Because the fall line was often the head of navigation, goods brought inland or those to be exported had to be unloaded at fall line locations for transfer to another mode of transport.
True
Denver is considered to be at the western edge of the Great Plains.
True
Gottmann believed massive and complex urban regions such as those developing in North America at the time, represented a future in which similarly evolving urban regions would develop elsewhere in the world. True or False?
True
In the United States, producing and consuming wealth plays a large part in where settlements are located.
True
Inuit are the predominant population in most of the Arctic
True
Many petroleum deposits are found in conjunction with natural gas.: True or false?
True
Metallic minerals are located most often where metamorphic rock occurs. True or False?
True
Most of the land in the United States is rural
True
Most of the land in the United States is rural.
True
Nearly 20% of all Americans will change their residence in any given year.
True
The soil that represents the ultimate stage of weathering and soil formation in the United States is:
Ultisols
soil classification system
Unified Soil Classification System (USCS), describes the texture and grain size of a soil
An area that one or more features throughout is called a:
Uniform region
All of the following are differences between rural and urban environments EXCEPT
Urban areas possess less intense and complex spatial organization
In the early twentieth century, migration within the United States moved towards:
Urban areas where new industries were located
In the early twentieth century, migration within the United States moved towards:
Urban areas where new industries were located.
What are some of the repercussions of urban sprawl?
Urban sprawl, when someone moves out of a place. They lose the population and less goods and services. Gentrification
repercussions of urban sprawl
Urban sprawl, when someone moves out of a place. They lose the population and less goods and services. Gentrification
A main reason for regional specialization in manufacturing in the United States is:
Variations in the availability of industrial raw materials
A main reason for regional specialization in manufacturing in the United States is:
Variations in the availability of industrial raw materials.
Which of the following does NOT produce wild blueberries for market?
Vermont
Which of the following is the leading marble producing state?
Vermont
Which of the following is TRUE about population distribution in New England?
Vermont has small urban clusters surrounded mainly by empty forested areas
spring wheat
Wheat planted in the spring and harvested in the late summer.
The southern section of the Cascade Mountains appear as a high, eroded plateau topped by a line of:
Volcanic Peaks
The southern section of the Cascade Mountains appear as a high, eroded plateau topped by a line of:
Volcanic peaks
Which city was no longer large enough to absorb the burgeoning civil service population and the growing number of people needed to feed, clothe, and otherwise serve that population?
Washington DC
Which fall line city is unique in that its growth has followed directly from expansion of the national government structure
Washington DC
Which of the following was NOT one of the Manufacturing Core cities based on commerce and the financial exchanges it stimulated?
Washington DC
Badlands
Wasteland that has been carved into unusual shapes by wind and water
For early settlers, the fall line hindered
Water navigation
Borchert identified the Sail-Wagon Epoch as when almost all cities and towns were associated with:
Water transportation
Which of the following is the only state COMPLETELY in Appalachia?
West Virginia
Napa Valley
What California valley is known for its vineyards
Sangre de Cristo Mountains
What mountain range forms the eastern side of Great Sand Dune National Park and Preserve exposing Precambrian aged granitic rocks?
All of the following are leading California agriculture products EXCEPT
Wheat
All of the following are leading California agriculture products EXCEPT:
Wheat
Initially European settlers in agriculture core region grew
Wheat
What tree dominated the New England forests?
White pine
Canada's most ethnically diverse city is
Winnipeg
What are the potential climatic hazards found throughout the Southern Coastlands?
Winter freeze, Hurricanes, rainfall, sinkholes
the potential climatic hazards found throughout the Southern Coastlands
Winter freeze, Hurricanes, rainfall, sinkholes
Mennonite immigrants from the Ukraine are credited with the introduction of what crop to the Great Plains?
Winter wheat
Which of the following was the world's first national park
Yellowstone
Mediterranean climate
a climate marked by warm, dry summers and cool, rainy winters
Labrador Current
a cold ocean current flowing down from the north
Migrant labor
a common type of periodic movemetn involving millions of worker in the US and tens of millions of workers worldwide who cross internationl borders in search of employment and become immigrants, in many instances
Maquiladoras
a factory in Mexico run by a foreign company and exporting its products to the country of that company.
Bureau of Land Management
a federal agency responsible for managing vast tracts of public lands in the American west
California's Central Valley
a flat valley that dominates the geographical center of the U.S. state of California. It is 40 to 60 miles wide
Piedmont
a gentle slope leading from the base of mountains to a region of flat land.
Wyoming Basin
a geographic area through which the Continental Divide of the Americas traverses
Ozark tristate district
a historic lead-zinc mining district
Central Valley
a huge basin with the Sierras and Coast Ranges on either side
Llano Estacado
a large semiarid plateau forming the southern part of the Great Plains
Everglades
a large subtropical swampland in Florida of about 4,000 square miles
Navajo
a member of the Navajo Indian tribe
metropolitan coalescence
a merging of urbanized areas of separate metropolitan centers
Sierra Nevada
a mountain range in eastern California
Accessibility Resources
a naturally occurring landscape feature that facilitates interaction between places
accessibility resources
a naturally occurring landscape feature that facilitates interaction between places
Lacustrine plain
a nearly level land area that was formed as a lake bed
Montreal
a point of trans-shipment and a stopover on the passage to the interior
"Pittsburgh plus"
a pricing system that was economic discrimination against the South in the steel industry, in which steel lords of Pittsburgh charged Birmingham steel a fictional fee no matter where it was shipped
growth of an American manufacturing core
accessibility resources, like welland canals, ports, goods and services and raw materials. Railroads and canals.
York
after British rule began in southern Ontario, they decided this would be the regions capital. (now Toronto) which is the cities political capital while Quebec is the provincial capital. This region had to be well connected by road and rail to Ontario.
Canadian Shield
all areas are underlaying by Igneous rock, metallic minerals mined here
The Mississippi River does all of the following EXCEPT
all of the above are correct
Which of the following is incorrect regarding the metropolitan areas of Boston, Miami, and Vancouver? All three attracted immigrants from different places All three have different climates All three have populations that exceed one million All three have active ocean ports All three grew to city size in the same historical period
all three grew to city size in the same historical period
Chesapeake bay bridge
allowed expansion for urban sprawl
conurbation
an agglomeration of towns or cities into an unbroken urban environment
Cash crop farming
an agricultural crop which is grown for sale to return a profit
Transportation shadow
an area of limited transportation development located near an area of much greater facility availability.
Piedmont
an area of rolling land along the foot of a mountain range
vernacular region
an area that people believe exists as part of their cultural identity
Erie Canal
an artificial waterway connecting the Hudson river at Albany with Lake Erie at Buffalo
dorr farm
an uprisning led by thomas dorr - so you didnt have to own land to vote
Great Valley
another name for the Shenandoah Valley
Winter Garden
area of south Texas known for its vegetable production
The Hudson-Mohawk River system is located where?
at the head of the best natural route through the Appalachian Mountains
soil classification system
attempts to classify soils
Oshawa
automobile center.
Chicago bad site, good situation
bad water, swampy, fire. - people of south and west, the ports and transfer of goods and services
township and range survey
based upon lines of latitude and longitude
Laurentian Upland
basically a part of the Canadian Shield that extends into the northern part of the US. It encompasses the Great Lakes region of the country.
black migration during World War I
blacks moving north to industrial jobs
Delaware River
body of water Washington famously crossed before launching the attack on Trenton
uniform region
boundary based on the area/ physical characteristics
bison
buffalo
One way farmers adapt their practices to the flat terrain of the Atlantic and Gulf coastal plains is
by digging deep ditches around fields
Places that experience greater seasonal temperature extremes are being affected by what?
continentality
table crops
carrots, onions, leafy greens
Orographic rainfall
caused by uplifting and cooling of moist air over mountains
Iron Horse Epoch (1830-70
characterized by impact of steam engine technology, and development of steamboats and regional railroad networks;
Sail-Wagon Epoch (1790-1830)
cities grow near ports and major waterways which are used for transportation;
An assemblage that will grow and reproduce indefinitely at a place, given a stable climate and average conditions of soil and drainage is called:
climax vegetation
light industry
clothing, appliances, and bicycles
raw materials
coal and iron, cement and limestone
Mississippi riviera
coastal area with poor, sandy soil, but attracts many tourists because of the beaches
Maritime influence
coastal locations have much smaller temperature range than continental interiors
Labrador
cold, flows south, ocean current, extends growing season
Prairie wedge
common grass
map scale
compares a distance on a map with a distance in the real world
Puget Sound Lowland
contains fertile valleys and deep water ports and largest populated region
The Pacific Mountain System
covers west coast of usa; area extends from cascade mountains in north down entire west coast through states of washington, oregon, and california
growth of AM manuifactuing core
deep ports, hubs, freight transfer areas
Big Thompson River Project
designed to carry water from the west slope of the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains to the east slope and the irrigated lands beyond
The Pueblo of the Upper Rio Grande Valley
developed the technologically most advanced pre-European Indian civilization in what was to become the United States
Tertiary Sector
devoted to service activities (transportation)
Exotic streams
discharge decreases as you move downstream
sectors of the economy
divisions of regions
Black Hills
dome-shaped area of eroded igneous rock
Steel Rail Epoch (1870-1920)
dominated by the development of long haul railroads and a national railroad network;
baptist religion
early European migrants seeking freedom of worship brought this religion as a nonestablished church. became the souths dominant church
Prairie Wedge
eastward extension of the grasslands across Illinois and western Indiana, use of fire by Native Americans
High-Technology Epoch (1970-present)
expansion in service and information sectors of the economy
manifest destiny
expansion of the US throughout the American continents was invetible
Someone living north of the Arctic Circle experience...
experiences 24 hours of daylight at midsummer
Major Stephen Long
explored the plains, called it the "Great American Desert"
Basic employment
export driven employment
conurbation
extended urban area, several towns merging with suburbs of 1 or more cities
A nodal region is characterized by a uniform set of features. True or False?
false
suitcase farmers (hobby farmers)
farmers who move from pieces of land to another and farm for hobby
Rang System
farmsteads were located on a riverbank or lakeshore, or on a railroad constructed parallel to the shore. This gave settlers equal access to the main transport lines
climax vegetation
final stage in the succession of a vegetative community
oil shale
fine-grained sedimentary rock from which oil can be extracted.
New York City
first capital of the United States
Yellowstone
first national park in Wyoming
John borcherts epochs of metropolitan growth
five distinct periods, Each epoch is characterized by the impact of a particular transport technology on the creation and differential rates of growth of American cities.
Calgary
flames
Buffalo
flour making, wheat industry raised
sedimentary rock
forms when small solid particles settle gradually in stationary water and then compressed over a long period of time, formed from minerals or organic particles at bottom of ocean
fall line
found along a line tracing physiographic boundary
Major Manufacturing Core Cities
from atlantic mississippi river
Specialty Crops
fruits and vegetables, tree nuts, dried fruits, horticulture, and nursery crops (including floriculture).
Silage
grass or other green fodder compacted and stored in airtight conditions, typically in a silo, without first being dried, and used as animal feed in the winter.
Mollisols
grassland soils with high base status
The spread of urban population far beyond city limits also had a strong impact on rural activities in Megalopolis such as
greater number of people having to be fed by foodstuffs shipped in from rural areas, Tens of millions of people in urban Megalopolis began consuming agricultural products from across America and beyond, Table crops such as tomatoes, lettuce and apples came to dominate farm production in sections of rural Megalopolis, The production of dairy products increased
situation
growth of the place
Anthracite coal
hardest / lowest in moisture content
Athabasca Tar Sands
heavy crude oil sands in alberta
moraines
higher hills
morraine
higher hills
long lots
houses erected on narrow lots perpendicular to a long river, so that each original settler had equal river access
Vernacular region
how someone describes an area
Ranchos
huge properties for raising livestock set up by Mexican settlers in California
Halifax
ice free during winters, largest city in Bypast east
What are some of the implications of the cultural dualism that exists between Quebec and Ontario?
if Quebec split off from Canada, Canada would lose the population and services Quebec: French providence, close to st Lawrence river, so has more access Ontario: British providence They are both located on access routes from Europe to Canadian interior They are both urban commercial centers, rural to urban migration
great circle route
imaginary line that follows the curve of the earth and represents the shortest distance between two points
2. How has Long Island enhanced the quality of New York harbor?
increased length of coastline, more land for urban growth
How has Long Island enhanced the quality of New York harbor?
increased length of coastline, more land for urban growth
Long Island enhanced the quality of New York harbor
increased length of coastline, more land for urban growth
Wasatch Valley
initial western settlement of mormons
Delaware Bay
inlet of the Atlantic Ocean between the states of Delaware and New Jersey
Non-reservation American Indians
integrate / blend in community but still practice their cultural traditions
general locations of the major coal and metallic ore reserves
interior, western, appalachian
TVA and ARC
introduced poverty in Appalachia's
Reclamation Act of 1902
is a United States federal law that funded irrigation projects for the arid lands of 20 states in the American West.
Moab
is the son of Lot through Lot's eldest daughter. The Moabites are descendents from Moab.
Erratics
isolated boulders left behind by a glacier
Mount Assiniboine
it is the highest peak in the Southern Continental Ranges of the Canadian Rockies.
Auto-Air-Amenity Epoch (1920-70
ith growth in the gasoline combustion engine;
boston
known for shoes; letter industry
Intermontane Plateaus
large region that includes the pacific northwest, the Colorado plateau, and the basins of the southwestern us. This area covers the states of Washington, Oregon, Idaho, part of Utah, new Mexico, and Arizona. It also covers the areas of the grand canyon and death valley.
Grand Canyon
largest canyon in the world
the four major climatic controls
latitude, elevation, ocean currents, airmasses/nearness to water
tree line
latitudinal or elevational limit of normal tree growth
Border Industrialization program
launched by Mexican gov, solved unemployment along the border - Maquiladora program
soil horizons
layers in well developed soils
table crops
lettuce, tomatoes, apples, dairy products
The US Interior Highlands
located between the Rockies and the Appalachians, this mountain region is located in Central US
1. Explain the site and situational characteristics of megalopolis.
located in a centered region, highly populated, on a coast, located on fall lines, good soils, good access to resources
Explain the site and situational characteristics of the megalopolis
located in a centered region, highly populated, on a coast, located on fall lines, good soils, good access to resources
site and situational characteristics of the megalopolis
located in a centered region, highly populated, on a coast, located on fall lines, good soils, good access to resources
site
location of a place
break-in-bulk points
locations where transfer among transportation modes is possible
long-lots of Southern Quebec
long strips of land on river, more people could have river, got all types of land
Briefly describe some of the long-term implications for Canada should the province of Quebec ever seceded
lose population, transport of goods and services. Lose 25% of population, 90% of Canadas economy is in Quebec. St Lawrence river, mouth of river is by Quebec, so controlled by Quebec.
Quebec ever seceded
lose population, transport of goods and services. Lose 25% of population, 90% of Canadas economy is in Quebec. St Lawrence river, mouth of river is by Quebec, so controlled by Quebec.
Erie Canal
low cost needs of transport, connects the Hudson River at Albany with it in buffalo.
coal
main source is Appalachian plateau
push factors
make people move from their home permanently
heavy Manufacturing industries
manufacturing activities engaged in conversion of large volumes of raw materials in higher value
hinterland
market area
erratics
massive boulders
fault block
massive part of earth's crust tilted upward
Allegheny and Monongahela Rivers
meet at Pittsburgh to form Ohio River
Marble
metamorphic rock that was once limestone
megapolis
metropolitan region merged to form centered region
Alfisols
moderately weathered forest soils
Hudson Mohawk River system
mohawk flows into Hudson
When glaciers pause during their retreat they leave behind hills of debris referred to as....
moraines
Southern Appalachia
more poor, Higher mountains, independent, conservative, dominated by germans, Scots, and Irish.
White Mountains
mountain range in New Hampshire that is part of the Appalachians
st Lawrence river
mouth of river by Quebec, main value for large quantities of raw materials. Low value bulky materials (iron ore, coal, cement, limestone)
migration
movement from one part to another
General farming
multiple crops and animals exist on a single farm to provide diverse nutritional intake and non-food items
Bingham Canyon Mine
near Salt Lake City, Utah is the largest mine in the world; it is one of the few man-made things on Earth that can be seen from space
driftless area
never glaciated
Porkopolis
nickname for Cincinnati for its important slaughterhouses
agricultural patterns that prevail along the southern coasts
nine months or longer of potential growth - veggies - citrus
continets manufactuing core
north east region of US is the most important for manufacturing because it has had well developed ties with Europe and Asia since past years due to better connectivity
Nunavut
northern province Canada created, to settle decades of claims issues with native Insuit in the region
Yazoo-Mississippi Delta
northwest section of the U.S. state of Mississippi which lies between the Mississippi and Yazoo Rivers.
cotton
number 1 Cash Crop in the South in the 1800's.
1862 homestead act
obtain land easier
tertiary and quaternary occupations
occupations providing services and those manipulating and creating information
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-Day Saints
official name of the Mormon Church.
Civil Rights Act of 1964
outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin
Coachella Valley
palm springs, CA irrigated ag crop: dates
continental shelf
part of a continent that extends out underneath the ocean
Avalon Peninsula
peninsula on the southeastern end of Newfoundland, location of St. John
What are the major fall line cities in Megalopolis? How did these cities benefit early on as break-in-bulk points?
philly, Trenton, Washington, Baltimore, Wilmington, benefited: transportation and transfer of goods and services is better because located on coast
What are the major fall line cities in Megalopolis? How did these cities benefit early on as break-in-bulk points? Major fall line cities: cities along the coast?
philly, Trenton, Washington, Baltimore, Wilmington, benefited: transportation and transfer of goods and services is better because located on coast
fall line cities in meglopolis
philly, Trenton, Washington, Baltimore, Wilmington, benefited: transportation and transfer of goods and services is better because located on coast
moraines
piles of rocky debris left by melting glaciers
fallow
plowed but not seeded; inactive; reddish-yellow; land left unseeded; to plow but not seed
Ogallala aquifer
porous rocks that contain the largest freshwater supply in North America
Birmingham differential
pricing policy imposed and enforced by the US steel company on all users of Alabama steel, consumers required to pay price of steel in Pittsburgh and freight cost from Birmingham
Sectors of the economy
primary, secondary, tertiary
urbanization
process of making an area more urban
Secondary Sector
processing of basic materials extracted by the primary sector
Annapolis Valley
produces a large proportion of Canada's leading fruit, the apple and also potatoes and vegetables. It is located in the southwest in the cultivated land in Nova Scotia.
Canyonlands of Arizona and Utah
provided an effective barrier to Spanish expansion northward from Mexico.
plantation agriculture
raising a large amount of a "cash crop" for local sale or export
key advantages of manufacturing core
raw materials, labor, market, transportation, energy
Appalachian Field
refers to the entire mountain range with its surrounding hills and the dissected plateau region
site
relates to its immediate physical environment; landscape characteristics where the city is located
situation
relates to the city's position relative to other places, also called relative locations
Leaching
removal of dissolved materials from soil by water moving downwards
Gentrification
renovating and improving a house or district to meet middle class taste; begins in small area and spreads outward
Alabama's 'Black Belt'
rich black topsoil, oppressive white area, black slaves
metamorphic rock
rock that has been changed by heat and pressure
Dejure segregation
segregation that is imposed by law
What occurs wherever rivers flow off the Piedmont?
series of rapids form, A series of small waterfalls are formed along a line tracing the physiographic boundary, A boundary known as the fall line is formed, A source of water power is created
Long Island
shelters Upper New York Bay† from the Atlantic Ocean and was for many years the most important part of the hinterland* of New York City.
welland canals
ship canal in Ontario, connecting Lake Ontario and Lake Erie
city location
site and situation
Bituminous coal
soft coal
Pulpwood
soft wood used in making paper
megalopolis
southern New Hampshire and northern Massachusetts to Washington, D.C
Central Business District (CBD)
the main business and commercial area of a town or city.
Big bluestem
state prairie grass
Pittsburg
steel industry
Colorado Trail Ridge Road
stretch of U.S. Highway 34 that traverses Rocky Mountain National Park from Estes Park, Colorado in the east to Grand Lake, Colorado in the west
white wolves
subspecies of grey wolf
Susquehanna River
supplies around 50% of the Ch. Bay's freshwater
Lake Champlain Lowland: Milk shed
supplies milk to a metropolitan area for northern megalopolis. Location: Vermont / New York/ Quebec
Lake Champlain milk shed
surplus of milk
Sharecropping
system in which landowners leased a few acres of land to farmworkers in return for a portion of their crops
Houston
texas
The Maritimes
the Canadian provinces that make up the east coast of Canada, Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, PEI and Newfoundland.
All of the following statements are TRUE regarding the Central Valley EXCEPT:
the Central Valley receives more precipitation than the California coast
Vieux Carre
the French Quarter
Hudson-Mohawk River system
the Hudson River Watershed. It covers much of New York, as well as parts of Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, and Vermont
fault block
the blocks of crust on each side of the fault
Interior Lowland
the broad, generally flat areas of the central part of the North American continent.
Sarnia
the center of the Canadian oil industry, petroleum deposits were discovered in oil springs.
Anthracite coal
the cleanest-burning coal; almost pure carbon. Hard coal.
Allegheny Front
the eastern slope of the Allegheny Plateau
Primary Sector
the extraction of basic materials (mining, agriculture, lumbering)
Trail of Tears
the forced removal of Cherokees and their transportation to Oklahoma
urbanization
the growth of cities
Tree line
the highest elevation where trees grow on a mountain
Mount Mitchell
the highest peak of the Appalachian Mountains and the highest peak in mainland eastern North America.
Chesapeake Bay
the largest estuary in the United States.
Great Lakes
the largest group of freshwater lakes in the world
Columbia Plateau
the largest lava plateau in the world
water table
the level below which the ground is saturated with water.
Melting pot
the mixing of cultures, ideas, and peoples that has changed the American nation. The United States, with its history of immigration, has often been called a melting pot.
church of Jesus Christ or ladder day saints
the mormons
core area
the portion of a country that contains its economic, political, intellectual, and cultural focus.
light industry
the production of small consumer goods
the midwest
the region that contains the 12 states of the north-central United States
Strip mining
the removal of strips of soil and rock to expose ore
Climax vegetation
the species of plants that dominate the region
Estuaries
the tidal mouth of a large river, where the tide meets the stream.
urban sprawl
the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas.
urban sprawl
the uncontrolled expansion of urban areas. (sprawls out of inner city)
Salinas Valley
the valley where Steinbeck lived
nodal region
the way communication moves
Canadian core area compared to the relatively small territory it now occupies
thin soils, acidic soils, poor drainage, length of growing season is shorter, low temperatures
What are some of the factors that have limited the size of the Canadian core area to the relatively small territory it now occupies?
thin soils, acidic soils, poor drainage, length of growing season is shorter, low temperatures
limited the size of the Canadian core area
thin soils, acidic soils, poor drainage, length of growing season is shorter, low temperatures
Cherokee
this native tribal group formed a national government, sought to modernize their society, but were forcibly relocated in the 1830s.
Hudson and Mohawk Valley
this valley was a great gap in Appalachians, was a gateway westward
Bureau of Indian Affairs
to manage Indian removal to western lands, Congress approved the creation of a new government agency
Caprock
top layer of impermeable rock; oil
North Platte River
top one
The primary geographic influences on climate are:
topography and latitude
Rio Grande and Nueces Rivers
two rivers were involved at in the beginning of the mexican war
Polynucleated urban area
urban area with multiple center
heavy manufacturing industry
used for heavy, bulky, low cost materials
light manufacturing industry
used for light, basic, materials.
alegheny and monoghela river
used for low cost transfer for steel industry in Pittsburg
mechanical reaper
used to harvest wheat quickly
non basic employment
using the money that is inside that region; recirculating
Owens Valley
valley in eastern California that contains the dried-up Owens Lake; located east of Mount Whitney and the Sierra Nevada, but west of Death Valley; provides water for Los Angeles
bonanza teams
very large teams of migrants to farm large land - mostly wheat
fall line cities
washington, Trenton, Wilmington, Baltimore , Philly
Accessibility Resources
welland canals, Great Lakes, canals, Erie Canal. Ohio river and Mississippi River. St Lawrence river
Rocky Mountain System
western usa and canada extending from bc to montana, utah, colorado, and new mexico; mountain range called continental divide because it separates eastward flowing rivers from westward flowing rivers; waters flowing east empty into atlantic and waters flowing west into pacific
estuaries
wetlands formed where rivers meet the sea
winter wheat
wheat planted in the autumn and harvested in the early summer
complementarity
when two regions through an exchange of commodities can specifically satisfy each others demands
break in bulk points
where goods and people transfer from one transportation mode to another
Moonshine
whiskey illegally distilled from a corn mash
Grand Canyon
world's largest canyon
Mendocino
world's tallest tree
Why do geographers employ regional schemes
• A mental construct, a system of categorization