Geol 106 test 2

volcanic gas

2nd atmosphere of the early earth came from ____

terrestrial

Earth mars venus and mercury are the _____ planets

one

How many stars does our solar system have

Shields

A large area of ancient rocks exposed at the surface undeformed for the last many millions of years is called

the shoreline has advanced over the land

A transgression is when______ sea level has dropped sea level has risen the shoreline has advanced over the land the shoreline has retreated seaward

a liquid outer core had formed

Accumulation of the near atmosphere was possible because _____

-eukaryotes

Acritarchs are_________. -prokaryotes -eukaryotes

amniotic eggs freed reptiles from having to go back to the water to reproduce

Although land tetrapods had already made the transition to life on land the development of the amniotic egg was significant because

a surface in the rocks that represents a gap in the rock record

An unconformity is a period of time when sediments did not accumulate a surface in the rocks that represents a gap in the rock record

-all of the above

Archean plate tectonics differs somewhat from recent plate tectonics because -the crust was thinner -the earths interior was hotter -continents were smaller -all of the above

greenstone belts

Archean rocks include sedimentary sequences called _____

-rondinia

By late in the proterzoic, virtually all of the small continents had merged to form a single supercontinent called_____. -Euramerasia -gondwanaland -rondinia -pangea

hydrogen and helium

Earths 1st atmosphere consisted of ____ which was blown away by solar winds

-All of the above

Eukaryotes differ from prokaryotes in that they ______. -have nucleus -are larger -have sexual reproduction -All of the above

-white ice reflects more solar energy

Glaciations make the climate get even colder because _____ -white ice reflects more solar energy -strong winds are created -the earth moves further from the sun

-CO2 and CH4

Greenhouse gases that were most important in the Precambrian atmosphere include_______ and_____. -CO2 and H2 -CH4 and N2 -CO2 and CH4 -CO2 and H2O

pillow lavas

Greenstone belts include abundant ____ indicating underwater eruptions of lava

Red

Iron rich sediments that have been oxidized are ____ in color

have pipe-like cells to conduct water up from the roots

Land plants are vascular which means they ____ live underwater have pipe-like cells to conduct water up from the roots had muscle like tissue are green

-About the same time

Mendel lived________ Darwin. -Before -After -About the same time

well sorted well rounded

New depositional sequences generally start with ______ above a major unconformity limestone shale poorly sorted angular grains well sorted well rounded

photosynthesis, cyanobacteria

Oxygen in the Precambrian atmosphere is believed to haven been supplied by ____ by _____

-True

Plate tectonics is believed to have operated even in the archean although with some differences compared with more recent times -True -False

Cartilaginous

Sharks are ______ fish Cartilaginous Bony

False

The Cambrian explosion is the name given to the sudden appearance of abundant shelly fossils (trilobites, brachiopods...) at the very beginning of the Cambrian true or false?

-paleozoic

The Cambrian, Devonian, etc, are all part of the______ -precambrian -mesozoic -paleozoic -cenozoic

-limestone

The Proterozoic differs from the archean that _____ becomes more abundant. -cherts -limestone -Sandstones -Shale -Lavas

octopus

The ammonites were most closely related to modern Clams octopus Brachiopods corals

amphibians

The first land vertebrates (tetrapods) were amphibians reptiles mammals

-ediacara

The late precambrian animals are part of the ____ fauna. -wollagonga -canberra -ediacara -Tasmania

-Lapetus

The late proterozoic supercontinent broke up just before the start of the Cambrian and a new ocean separated Europe from North America _____. -Atlantic -Pacific -Lethys -Lapetus

amniotic egg

The most important advance by the reptiles over the amphibians was the development of scales walking on legs amniotic egg

Ordovician

The next period immediately after the Cambrian was the cretaceous Jurassic Ordovician Silurian

n2co2 nitrogen carbon dioxid

The secondary Precambrian atmosphere consist initially of

-rondinia

The supercontinent that broke up late in the proterozoic

Fish , amphibians

The transition to land vertebrates is the transitions from _____ to _____

Paleozoic

Trilobites became extinct at what time?

they had jaws

What was the major advance made by the placoderms fish concerned with the Agatha

542 million years ago

When did the Precambrian end?

Devonian

When did vertebrates first invade land Cambrian Devonian Triassic cretaceous

lobe finned fish

Which fish were the ancestors of the first land vertebrates ray finned fish lobe finned fish cartilaginous finned fish placoderm

All

Which of the following was evolving during the Precambrian? -life -Earth atmosphere -Crust -All

-Steno

Who established the principle of Original Horizontality of Strata? -Steno -Lyell -Smith -Hutton

one

how many cells make up the body of a typical formainiferan (foram) one two

south america and north america

what 2 continents collided to form the ouachita mountains late in the paleozoic

--most groups of animals and plants suffered some extinctions

what happened at the end of the Permian

Ouachitas

what paleozoic mountain belt can be seen in arkansas and oklahoma?

Mississippian

what period came immediately before the Pennsylvanian

Permian

what period came instantly after the Pennsylvanian

late Jurassic or early Cretaceous

when did flowering plants first appear on earth early Triassic Cambrian tertiary late Jurassic or early Cretaceous

542 million years ago

when did the paleozoic begin

251 million years ago

when did the paleozoic end

oyster

which is larger foram coccolith oyster

Triassic

which is the earliest (oldest) period of the Mesozoic Triassic Jurassic Cretaceous tertiary