Geology 101 Spring Final
The oldest occurred -After layer A was deposited, but before layer B was deposited -After layer B was deposited, but before layer C was deposited -After layer C was deposited, but before layer D was deposited -After layer D was deposited, but before layer E was deposited -After layer E was deposited
-After layer A was deposited, but before layer B was deposited
What type of material likely composed this volcano? -Felsic to intermediate lava flows -Pyroclastic flows -Volcanic mudflows and landslides -All of these -None of these
-All of these
A Lahar is -A flood of hot ash over a landscape -Caused by melted snow/ice during an eruption -Nothing like a debris flow -Not of concern during an eruption -None of these choices are correct
-Caused by melted snow/ice during an eruption
The main hazard that Mount Rainier poses to Tacoma and its suburbs is: -hot lava flows numerous small but deadly pyroclastic flows -lahar -a hot, glowing lava fountain
-Lahar
Which of the following eruptions is understood to have been triggered by a phreatomagmatic reaction? -Mt. St. Helens-1980 -Mt. Laki-1783 -Hawaii-2018 -Vesuvius-AD 79
-Mt. St. Helens-1980
The Earthquake Early Warning System (Shake Alert) in California uses ____________________ to allow citizens time to brace for an earthquake -Richter scale amplitudes -moment magnitude calculations -the P and S wave intervals -Fault slip data
-Richter scale amplitudes
A single North Position graph is showing a negative slope. What does this indicate about the direction that the GPS station is moving? -That it is moving toward the north -That it is moving toward the south -That it is moving to the northwest -That it is moving to the southwest -Option 5
-That it is moving toward the south
This is an Isopleth map supplying data on the Vesuvius eruption of AD 79. What data does this Isopleth map provide us with? -This Isopleth map provides the thickness of the ashfall that radiated out from the volcanic eruption. -This Isopleth map provides the distribution of tephra by size, which radiated out from the volcanic eruption -This Isopleth map provides data on how far reaching the seismic waves permiated outward, -This Isopleth map provides the extent of the structural damage from the eruption.
-This Isopleth map provides the thickness of the ashfall that radiated out from the volcanic eruption.
The composition of oceanic plates are different from continental plate composition. If a volcano forms from oceanic crust, the magma will -tend to be mafic in composition and will induce the formation of low viscosity volcanic activity/products. -tend to be felsic in composition and will induce the formation of high viscosity volcanic activity/products. -tend to be mafic in composition and will induce the formation of high viscosity volcanic activity/products. -Tend to be felsic in composition and will induce the formation of low viscosity volcanic activity/products
-tend to be mafic in composition and will induce the formation of high viscosity volcanic activity/products.
As the magma chamber inflates to peak, tiltmeter data from the flanks of the volcano will show -that the tilt decreases -that the tilt does not change -that the the tilt increases
-that the the tilt increases
Sudden movement on a fault can cause a tsunami when: -a hurricane or cyclone is occurring -the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor -hot water trapped below the seafloor is released -a fault on land has a large displacement -none of these choices
-the fault suddenly uplifts or downdrops the seafloor
Which of the numbered features is a lava flow? * 1 2 3 4 5
1
Using the graph to the right, if the Moment Magnitude of a fault is measured at M6.0, what would be the expected length of the fault rupture? -40 km -70 km -10km 100km
10 km
Observe this graph: Approximately how many millimeters has this station moved in the East Position over the time provided? 230 mm -150 mm -230 mm 150 mm -60 mm This station has not moved in the East Posituin
230 mm
The energy released during an M6 earthquake will be __________ greater than the energy released in an M5 earthquake. -10 times 32 times -100 times -900 times
32 times
The shaking during an M6 earthquake will be _________ greater than the shaking in an M5 earthquake 10 times 32 times 100 times 900 times
32 times
Which of the numbered features is a pyroclastic flow? * -1 -2 -3 -4 -5
4
Using this nomogram, what is the magnitude of an earthquake that is 500 km from a seismic station and has an amplitude of 0.2 mm? -2.0 -4.0 -6.0 -7.0
4.0
Which of the following sites has volcanoes related to subduction? A is on an island arc, B is in the Andes, C is near Hawaii, D is along a mid-ocean ridge. -A and B -Band C -C and D -A and C -B and D
A and B
The most recent earthquake occurred -After layer A was deposited, but before layer B was deposited -After layer B was deposited, but before layer C was depositedOption 2 -After layer C was deposited, but before layer D was deposited -After layer D was deposited, but before layer E was deposited -After layer E was deposited
After layer E was deposited
Which of the following are ways that viscosity affects gases in magma? * -Viscous magma prevents gas from escaping easily. -Abundant silica chains in viscous magma allow gas to pass quick;y through the magma. -Less viscous magma allows gas to escape, which can lead to very explosive eruptions. -All of these choices.
All of these choices.
The eruption that occurred on Mount St. Helens was triggered by: -A fast-moving viscous lava flow -Groundwater mixed with magma -A mega thrust earthquake -An oversteepened bulge on the flank of the volcano failed and collapsed -C None of these
An oversteepened bulge on the flank of the volcano failed and collapsed
Where would most deformation occur (prior to an earthquake) in relation to a locked fault? -Closer to the fault -On the fault -Farther away from the fault -Deformation does not occur around faults -None of these choices
Closer to the fault
Which of the following plate boundaries is LEAST likely to produce composite volcanoes? -Ocean-ocean convergent boundary with a subduction zone (Phillippines) -Ocean-continent convergent boundary with a subduction zone (Andes) -Continent-continent convergent boundary with a high mountain range (Himalayas)
Continent-continent convergent boundary with a high mountain range (Himalayas)
Most of the fatalities that occurred in Indonesia during the eruption of Krakatoa in 1883, were caused by the pyroclastic flow. -True -False
False
In this diagram, GPS stations (letters A, B, C and D) are placed near the crater and on the flanks of an active volcano. The magma chamber is deflating into a vent as the magma is diverted around an obstructing plug of granite. The most probable GPS data would show that in this case -GPS stations A and B would be moving farther apart while stations C and D would be moving closer together. -GPS stations A and B would be moving closer together while stations C and D would be moving farther apart. -GPS station A would remain stationary while B would be moving closer towards stations C and D. -GPS stations A and B would remain stationary while Stations C and D would likely be moving apart. -None of these choices
GPS stations A and B would be moving farther apart while stations C and D would be moving closer together.
The eruption of Mount St. Helens in 1980 is categorized as a _________ style of eruption. -Vulcanian Pelean Plinian -Stombolian
Plinian
The most violent style of eruption is named after * Vuclan, the god of fire Pliny the Elder Pelee, the god of fire Stromballi, the puppeteer
Pliny the Elder
Which of the following choices places these explosive eruption styles in the correct order (left to right) from least explosive to most explosive. -Vulcanian, Plinian, Pelean, Strombolian -Plionian, Vulcanian, Strombolian, Pelean -Strombolian, Vulcanian, Plinian, Pelean, -Strombolian, Vulcanian, Pelean, Plinian
Strombolian, Vulcanian, Pelean, Plinian
Volcanic eruptions are scaled on the VEI based on -the syle of the eruption -the composition of the magma -the effects of the pyroclastic flow -the quantity and range of the tephra emitted -the number of fatalities
The style of the eruption
Which of the following is true about S-waves? -They cannot travel through liquids -They are faster than P waves -They cause the greatest amount of shaking -They only occur on the Earth's surface
They cannot travel through liquids
Which of the following statements is true about P-waves? -They can only travel through solids -They cannot be recorded on a seismogram -They are the most destructive type of seismic wave -They travel faster than S waves
They travel faster than S waves
This is an Isopach map that provides data on the Vesuvius eruption of 79 AD. what data does this map provides us with? -This Isopach map provides the distribution of tephra by size, which radiated out from the volcanic eruption -This Isopach map provides the extent of the structural damage from the eruption. -This Isopach map provides the thickness of the layers of pumice fall that radiated out from the volcanic eruption. -This Isopach map provides us with the extent of the tsunami waves generated by the eruption.
This Isopach map provides us with the extent of the tsunami waves generated by the eruption.
Although the magma chambers are considered to be intermediate Composition (in terms of silica content) andesitic volcanoes are still considered to be capable of deadly eruptions -True -False
True
By studying rock layers of areas surrounding volcanoes, volcanologist have found that the largest tephra particles typically radiate out far from the flanks of explosive volcanoes. -True -False
True
The people of Herculenium became victims of the eruption of Vesuvius. The majority of those victims perished due to -a lahar caused by the eruption. -a massive earthquake caused by the eruption. -many hours of tephra fall from the eruption. -a blast of hot and poisonous gases from the volcano.
a blast of hot and poisonous gases from the volcano.
Which of the following is the best indicator that a volcano might be very dangerous? -gentle slopes that signify fast-flowing lavas -rock analyses that indicate a low content of silica -a volcano that contains andesite and welded tuffs -ages that indicate the volcano last erupted 12 thousand years ago
ages that indicate the volcano last erupted 12 thousand years ago
Long-range earthquake forecasting: -is based on the knowledge of when and where earthquakes occurred in the past -uses slip rate data from GPS technology -utilizes historical records from paleo-seismic trenches -measures patterns of seismic activity along a fault to determine locations and recurrence intervals -all of these choices
all of these choices
Which of the following types of faults does NOT generate earthquakes? * -Normal fault -Reverse fault -thrust fault -strike-slip fault -all types of faults can generate earthquakes
all types of faults can generate earthquakes
This image is an example of * -an offset feature on a left lateral strike-slip fault -an offset feature on a right lateral strike-slip fault -an offset feature on a divergent boundary -normal faulting
an offset feature on a right lateral strike-slip fault
What types of rocks would be most common in the volcano shown in this photograph? -pumice -felsic and intermediate lava flows -tuff and tephra -basalt mostly formed in lava flows -none of these
basalt mostly formed in lava flows
If this volcano was about to erupt the tiltmeter would * -be tilting toward the crater -be moving toward station A -be tilting away from the crater -be stationary
be tilting away from the crater
Magma rising through the crust fractures rocks, producing rhythmic, repeating: * -eruptions -seismic tremors -landslide activity -volcanic mudflows
eruptions
What types of rocks would be most common in the volcano in this photograph? -scoria and other vesicular basalt -basalt mostly formed in lava flows -felsic and intermediate lava flows and tephra -pillow basalts -none of these -all of these
felsic and intermediate lava flows and tephra
Moment magnitude differs from Richter magnitude in that it * -takes into consideration the intensity reports from local citizens -combines Richter magnitude with factors like rock rigidity and fault slip to calculate energy release. -uses data from multiple siesmograms instead of just one. -identifies the exact moment an earthquake occurs more accurately.
identifies the exact moment an earthquake occurs more accurately.
Which of the following activities is NOT used to monitor volcanoes? * -measuring seismic activity with seismic instruments -measuring sulfur dioxide gas emissions -measuring tilting on the flanks of a volcano -measuring the distances between GPS benchmarks -all of these are used to monitor volcanoes none of these are used to monitor volcanoes
measuring seismic activity with seismic instruments
As a magma chamber inflates to peak inflation, seismic tremors will become very frequent. This is due to -local faulting around the base of the mountain -stressed rocks breaking around the magma reservoir -sound waves emitting form the volcanic blast -Stressed rosk breaking on the lower flanks of the volcano -none of these choices apply
none of these choices apply
This relatively large, symmetrical volcano contains interlayered lava flows, pyroclastic deposits, and volcanic mudflows. What kind of a volcano is this? -cinder cone -shield volcano -composite volcano -volcanic dome -caldera
shield volcano
Potentially explosive composite volcanoes are most common above: -subduction zones -diverging rift zones -transform boundaries -intraplate hot spots
subduction zones
Comparing these two photographs, which eruption has a lower silicate content magma? Photo A Photo B -the fluid cascade of lava -the circular volcanic feature -they could have the same viscosity -there is no way to tell
the fluid cascade of lava
The trigger for the Krakatoa eruption of 1883 has been attributed by volcanologists as being -a dome growing on its flanks collapsed. -the intrusion of hotter basaltic magma flowed in through a fault, resulting in the break up of a viscous plug that had halted eruptions for centuries. -the mixing of magma with ground water in the crust. -a massive landslide that fell from the mountain.
the mixing of magma with ground water in the crust.
