PLNT 1213 Exam 2 Fall 2020
_____________ have umbel shaped flowers.
Apiaceae
When the stoma is closed, rubisco binds to:
O2
Which plant family? Grass family No petals or sepals Most agronomically significant flowering plant family
Poaceae
__________ simulates winter and prevents seeds from sprouting in an inappropriate season.
sratification
_____________ is the movement of water from protoplast to protoplast through the cytoplasm via the plasmodesmata.
symplastic
Soybeans are photoperiod sensitive. When they are planted in April or May they are able to start obtaining a maximum amount of vegetative growth before the summer solstice begins. What will start to happen around or just after the summer solstice?
the nights start to become longer and the plant starts to flower
The shoot apical meristem on a dicot is located on which part of the plant?
the top
In monocots, _____________ takes places at the axillary meristems.
tillering
What is the purpose of dormancy?
to allow a seedbank to develop Reduce intergenerational competition Reduce the chance of a seed germinating at the wrong time
__________ is how a plant is able to move sugars and other molecules thrughout.
translocation
___________ is water loss in a plant through its stomatal openings.
transpiration
______ crops are ones that are planted to attract specific pests so as to keep them away from the main crops.
trap
__________ __________ is the outward pressure in the cell that occurs when the vacuoles expands and takes in solutes and water.
turgor pressure
Dicots has ______________ cotyledon(s).
two
Who developed binomial nomenclature?
Carl Linnaeus
___________ crops are a crop grown to sell for a profit.
Cash
___________ crops are crops that are planted in the same field so that they will benefit from each other.
Companion
__________ crops are a crop planted to protect or improve the soil.
Cover
Which plant family? Gourd family Imperfect flowers Typically vines
Cucurbitaceae
Which plant family? Legume plants Create large amounts of Nitrogen Very high in protein
Fabaceae
____________ fix Nitrogen.
Fabaceae
_____________ are important sources of dietary protein.
Fabaceae
Kenaf that the stem is harvest is a type of:
Fiber
____________ crops are used to produce textiles for clothing and manufacturing purposes.
Fiber
What is the GDD equation?
GDD = [(minT+maxT)/2] - Base
What is the first step in plant development?
Germination
What are the 5 growth stages?
Germination Emergence Vegetative Growth Reproductive Growth Senescence
What are the two forces that cause transpiration pull?
adhesion and cohesion
_______________ is when a plant is showing anthers and pollen is being released.
anthesis
__________ is the movement of water through cell walls.
apoplastic
__________ yield is the total amount of dry matter present at harvest.
biological
____________ is all of the organic matter produced at a given location at a given time.
biomass
_____________ is the site of photosynthesis.
chloroplast
Annual Plants:
complete life cycle in one growing season
Biennial Plants:
complete life cycle in two growing seasons
C3s are __________ crops.
cool season
Watermelon and squash belong to which family?
cucrubitaceae
A plant that stops vegetative growth and then switched over to reproductive growth is known as:
determinate
_____________ plants stop vegetative growth once reproductive growth begins.
determinate
What is the upper threshold for corn?
86F
Parsley, carrots, and coriander belongs to which family?
Apiaceae
Which plant family? Parsley or carrot family Umbel flowers Aromatic herbs
Apiaceae
Which plant family? Sunflower family Largest family of flowering plants Asters have composite flowers
Asteraceae
___________ is the largest family of flowering plants.
Asteraceae
___________ crops are harvested for their potential to be used for biofuel production.
Bioenergy
Which plant family? Mustard family High in sulfur 4 petal flowers
Brassicaceae
_____________ can also be referred to as the Mustard family.
Brassicaceae
When the stoma is open, rubisco binds to:
CO2
The scientific name of carrot:
Daucus carota
What is binomial nomenclature?
Describes the genus and species of an organism
What are composite flowers?
Each flower is actually hundreds of individuals tiny flowers making up the flower head
Which plant family? Mallow family Native to tropical and subtropical regions 5 petals and numerous stamen fused together
Malvaceae
_________ is any process that breaks, scratches, or mechanically alters a seed coat.
Scarification
Tomato belongs to the ____________ family.
Solanaceae
Which plant family? Nightshade family A very important vegetable family Produce alkaloids
Solanaceae
_______________ is a condition in some seeds that prevents germination.
dormancy
__________ yield is the amount of useable/saleable plant matter.
economic
In a monocot, the intercalary meristems are responsible for:
elongating between the nodes
______________ has a show papilionaceous flower.
facabeae
Winter Annual is planted in __________ and harvested in ____________.
fall late spring
Carl Linnaeus classification is based on:
flower characteristics
Bermuda grass that is harvested for hay is a type of:
forage
What is the chemical reaction of respiration?
glucose + oxygen -> energy + carbon dioxide + water
Perennial Plants:
grow year after year without re-establishing from seed
___________ maturity is the moisture content of seeds is appropriate for processing and storing.
harvest
Your corn is at 35% moisture. You want to harvest it at 18% moisture. Since you are waiting until is it dry enough to store the grain, what type of maturity are you trying to achieve?
harvest maturity
C3 is more efficient in _______________ environments.
high-carbon
C4 is more efficient in __________ environments.
hot
What is the first part of the plant in a dicot that breaks through the soil surface?
hypocotyl arch
___________ is the first part of a DICOT that breaks through the soil surface.
hypocotyl arch
How does a plant grow?
increase in cell size and cell number
You watch a cotton plant grow and you notice that as it flowered it developed new leaves and new branches. You have watch the cotton plant have a ___________ habit of growth.
indeterminate
____________ plants continue vegetative growth while reproductive growth occurs.
indeterminate
When do C4s begin growing?
late spring
What are the three factors that regulate development?
light exposure temperature energy accumulation
Monocots are in ____________ class.
liliopsida
Dicots are in _____________ class.
magnoliopsida
What are the 3 more common companion crops.
maize beans squash
This part of the plant is known as a point of growth or growth point.
meristem
Where does cell division occur?
meristems
___________ are an area where undifferentiated plant cells are dividing and enlarging rapidly,
meristems
___________ are points of growth in the plant.
meristems
Potato is a:
modified stem
Does senescence only occurs when a plant dies?
no
Monocots have _________ cotyledon(s).
one
______________ is when a crop requires specific amounts of light exposure to flower.
photoperiodism
__________ is when plants use energy to make oxygen into CO2.
photorespiration
________________ is the use of light energy to convert non-nutritious compounds (CO2 and H2O) into nutritious foodstuffs for use in plants.
photosynthesis
_________ fills the gas tank and _______ starts the engine.
photosynthesis respiration
_________ maturity is when a plant stops depositing energy in seeds and it reached its maximum dry weight.
physiological
The most agronomically important family of flowering plants is:
poaceae
What is the fist par of the seedling that emerges from the seed?
radicle
________ is the first thing to emerge from the seed.
radicle
Cells convert sugars to energy through:
respiration
Treating a seed with an acid rinse is an example of:
scarification
The _____________ is the key to cell expansion.
vacuole
____________ contains waters, sugars, enzymes, etc. This also helps the plant stay upright.
vacuole
In winter wheat, they need to experience 3-5 weeks of temperatures below 30-50 degrees in order to flower. This is known as:
vernalization
C4s are ______________ crops.
warm season
When does photorespiration occur?
when C3 plants get too hot or too dry
