PLNT 1213 Exam 2 Fall 2020

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_____________ have umbel shaped flowers.

Apiaceae

When the stoma is closed, rubisco binds to:

O2

Which plant family? Grass family No petals or sepals Most agronomically significant flowering plant family

Poaceae

__________ simulates winter and prevents seeds from sprouting in an inappropriate season.

sratification

_____________ is the movement of water from protoplast to protoplast through the cytoplasm via the plasmodesmata.

symplastic

Soybeans are photoperiod sensitive. When they are planted in April or May they are able to start obtaining a maximum amount of vegetative growth before the summer solstice begins. What will start to happen around or just after the summer solstice?

the nights start to become longer and the plant starts to flower

The shoot apical meristem on a dicot is located on which part of the plant?

the top

In monocots, _____________ takes places at the axillary meristems.

tillering

What is the purpose of dormancy?

to allow a seedbank to develop Reduce intergenerational competition Reduce the chance of a seed germinating at the wrong time

__________ is how a plant is able to move sugars and other molecules thrughout.

translocation

___________ is water loss in a plant through its stomatal openings.

transpiration

______ crops are ones that are planted to attract specific pests so as to keep them away from the main crops.

trap

__________ __________ is the outward pressure in the cell that occurs when the vacuoles expands and takes in solutes and water.

turgor pressure

Dicots has ______________ cotyledon(s).

two

Who developed binomial nomenclature?

Carl Linnaeus

___________ crops are a crop grown to sell for a profit.

Cash

___________ crops are crops that are planted in the same field so that they will benefit from each other.

Companion

__________ crops are a crop planted to protect or improve the soil.

Cover

Which plant family? Gourd family Imperfect flowers Typically vines

Cucurbitaceae

Which plant family? Legume plants Create large amounts of Nitrogen Very high in protein

Fabaceae

____________ fix Nitrogen.

Fabaceae

_____________ are important sources of dietary protein.

Fabaceae

Kenaf that the stem is harvest is a type of:

Fiber

____________ crops are used to produce textiles for clothing and manufacturing purposes.

Fiber

What is the GDD equation?

GDD = [(minT+maxT)/2] - Base

What is the first step in plant development?

Germination

What are the 5 growth stages?

Germination Emergence Vegetative Growth Reproductive Growth Senescence

What are the two forces that cause transpiration pull?

adhesion and cohesion

_______________ is when a plant is showing anthers and pollen is being released.

anthesis

__________ is the movement of water through cell walls.

apoplastic

__________ yield is the total amount of dry matter present at harvest.

biological

____________ is all of the organic matter produced at a given location at a given time.

biomass

_____________ is the site of photosynthesis.

chloroplast

Annual Plants:

complete life cycle in one growing season

Biennial Plants:

complete life cycle in two growing seasons

C3s are __________ crops.

cool season

Watermelon and squash belong to which family?

cucrubitaceae

A plant that stops vegetative growth and then switched over to reproductive growth is known as:

determinate

_____________ plants stop vegetative growth once reproductive growth begins.

determinate

What is the upper threshold for corn?

86F

Parsley, carrots, and coriander belongs to which family?

Apiaceae

Which plant family? Parsley or carrot family Umbel flowers Aromatic herbs

Apiaceae

Which plant family? Sunflower family Largest family of flowering plants Asters have composite flowers

Asteraceae

___________ is the largest family of flowering plants.

Asteraceae

___________ crops are harvested for their potential to be used for biofuel production.

Bioenergy

Which plant family? Mustard family High in sulfur 4 petal flowers

Brassicaceae

_____________ can also be referred to as the Mustard family.

Brassicaceae

When the stoma is open, rubisco binds to:

CO2

The scientific name of carrot:

Daucus carota

What is binomial nomenclature?

Describes the genus and species of an organism

What are composite flowers?

Each flower is actually hundreds of individuals tiny flowers making up the flower head

Which plant family? Mallow family Native to tropical and subtropical regions 5 petals and numerous stamen fused together

Malvaceae

_________ is any process that breaks, scratches, or mechanically alters a seed coat.

Scarification

Tomato belongs to the ____________ family.

Solanaceae

Which plant family? Nightshade family A very important vegetable family Produce alkaloids

Solanaceae

_______________ is a condition in some seeds that prevents germination.

dormancy

__________ yield is the amount of useable/saleable plant matter.

economic

In a monocot, the intercalary meristems are responsible for:

elongating between the nodes

______________ has a show papilionaceous flower.

facabeae

Winter Annual is planted in __________ and harvested in ____________.

fall late spring

Carl Linnaeus classification is based on:

flower characteristics

Bermuda grass that is harvested for hay is a type of:

forage

What is the chemical reaction of respiration?

glucose + oxygen -> energy + carbon dioxide + water

Perennial Plants:

grow year after year without re-establishing from seed

___________ maturity is the moisture content of seeds is appropriate for processing and storing.

harvest

Your corn is at 35% moisture. You want to harvest it at 18% moisture. Since you are waiting until is it dry enough to store the grain, what type of maturity are you trying to achieve?

harvest maturity

C3 is more efficient in _______________ environments.

high-carbon

C4 is more efficient in __________ environments.

hot

What is the first part of the plant in a dicot that breaks through the soil surface?

hypocotyl arch

___________ is the first part of a DICOT that breaks through the soil surface.

hypocotyl arch

How does a plant grow?

increase in cell size and cell number

You watch a cotton plant grow and you notice that as it flowered it developed new leaves and new branches. You have watch the cotton plant have a ___________ habit of growth.

indeterminate

____________ plants continue vegetative growth while reproductive growth occurs.

indeterminate

When do C4s begin growing?

late spring

What are the three factors that regulate development?

light exposure temperature energy accumulation

Monocots are in ____________ class.

liliopsida

Dicots are in _____________ class.

magnoliopsida

What are the 3 more common companion crops.

maize beans squash

This part of the plant is known as a point of growth or growth point.

meristem

Where does cell division occur?

meristems

___________ are an area where undifferentiated plant cells are dividing and enlarging rapidly,

meristems

___________ are points of growth in the plant.

meristems

Potato is a:

modified stem

Does senescence only occurs when a plant dies?

no

Monocots have _________ cotyledon(s).

one

______________ is when a crop requires specific amounts of light exposure to flower.

photoperiodism

__________ is when plants use energy to make oxygen into CO2.

photorespiration

________________ is the use of light energy to convert non-nutritious compounds (CO2 and H2O) into nutritious foodstuffs for use in plants.

photosynthesis

_________ fills the gas tank and _______ starts the engine.

photosynthesis respiration

_________ maturity is when a plant stops depositing energy in seeds and it reached its maximum dry weight.

physiological

The most agronomically important family of flowering plants is:

poaceae

What is the fist par of the seedling that emerges from the seed?

radicle

________ is the first thing to emerge from the seed.

radicle

Cells convert sugars to energy through:

respiration

Treating a seed with an acid rinse is an example of:

scarification

The _____________ is the key to cell expansion.

vacuole

____________ contains waters, sugars, enzymes, etc. This also helps the plant stay upright.

vacuole

In winter wheat, they need to experience 3-5 weeks of temperatures below 30-50 degrees in order to flower. This is known as:

vernalization

C4s are ______________ crops.

warm season

When does photorespiration occur?

when C3 plants get too hot or too dry


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