Geology Chapter 14: Energy Resources - Fossil Fuels
_________________ are hydrocarbon energy sources formed from the remains of once-living organisms
Fossil fuels
___________________ is the process by which coal is converted into a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.
Gasification
_________________________ are sedimentary rocks containing a viscous, tar-like petroleum
Tar sands
Petroleum accounts for about _________ percent of the energy used in the United States. a.10 b.25 c.40 d.75
c. 40
The worst oil spill in United States waters was the a.Santa Barbara spill b.Amoco Cadiz spill c.Exxon Valdez spill d.Torrey Canyon spill
c. Amoco Cadiz spill
The nation having the largest proven reserves of crude oil is a.the United States. b.Kuwait. c.Saudi Arabia. d.Algeria.
c. Saudi Arabia
The environmental disaster that has affected the town of Centralia, Pennsylvania was caused by a.toxic coal-ash residue. b.acid rainfall. c.an underground coal-mine fire. d.an oil spill.
c. an underground coal-mine fire
As heat and pressure act upon petroleum, it finally becomes a.oil. b.tar. c.natural gas. d.coal.
c. oil
Natural gas supplies about _______ percent of the energy used in the United States. a.5 b.11 c.15 d.25
d. 5
Oil, natural gas, and coal are examples of a.fossil fuels. b.hydrocarbon fuel. c.nonrenewable resources. d.All of the above are correct.
d. All of the above are correct
Which one of the following fuels would give off the most heat per given unit weight? a.peat b.lignite c.bituminous d.anthracite
d. anthracite
The reservoir now believed to contain the largest amount of carbon is a.the atmosphere. b.natural gas. c.coal (bituminous and anthracite). d.gas hydrates.
d. gas hydrates
The United States has about two-thirds of the world's known resources of a.tar sands. b.natural gas. c.coal. d.oil shale.
d. oil shale
All of the following are problems in the development of oil shale in the U.S. as a viable energy resource except a.extraction and processing technologies are not competitive with those of conventional petroleum. b.environmental problems associated with the surface mining of oil shale. c.the problem of waste rock disposal. d.the low quality of the oil.
d. the low quality of the oil
Coal subjected to overly high temperatures will metamorphose into a.graphite. b.oil shale. c.tar sand. d.peat.
a. graphite
As societies evolve from primitive to technological, the energy consumption associated with agriculture a.increases. b.decreases. c.remains constant. d.may either increase or decrease depending upon what foods the individuals eat.
a. increases
An oil well "gusher" would be an example of a.primary recovery. b.secondary recovery. c.forced recovery. d.enhanced recovery.
a. primary recovery
The term _________________ describes processes that occur in the absence of oxygen
anaerobic
Coal supplies about ___ percent of the energy used in the United States. a.10 b.25 c.50 d.80
b. 25
One barrel of oil is equal to how many gallons? a.21 b.42 c.56 d. 100
b. 42
The largest recoverable U.S. energy reserve is a.petroleum. b.coal. c.natural gas. d.uranium oxide.
b. coal
The hydrocarbon fuel in oil shale is a.petroleum. b.kerogen. c.natural gas. d.methane.
b. kerogen
Geopressurized zones might one day become an important source of a.petroleum. b.natural gas. c.lignite. d.kerogen.
b. natural gas
The substance found in coal that contributes to acid rainfall is a.carbon. b.sulfur. c.chlorine. d.nitrogen.
b. sulfur
T/F Most petroleum is found in rocks no older than one to two million years old.
False
T/F Most petroleum source rocks are highly permeable, coarse-grained, clastic sedimentary rocks.
False
T/F Oil and natural gas are believed to have formed from the bodies of large land animals such as dinosaurs.
False
T/F The United States consumes about 10% of all the world's oil resources
False
T/F The United States has about two-thirds of the world's supply of tar sands
False
T/F The United States has consumed almost half of its total coal resources.
False
T/F The potential fuel in tar sands is a waxy solid called kerogen
False
________________ is a soft, brown coal formed directly from peat
Lignite
________________________ is the process by which coal is converted into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel
Liquefaction
_____________ is the most common gaseous hydrocarbon in natural gas
Methane
___________________ energy resources are those not being replenished or formed on a human time scale
Nonrenewable
____________________, or petroleum, is not a single chemical compound, but a liquid mixture of various hydrocarbons
Oil
________________________ is a sedimentary rock containing the waxy hydrocarbon fuel called kerogen
Oil shale
T/F Coal formation from land plants takes place under conditions in which oxygen is absent, or nearly so.
True
T/F The United States obtains almost 90% of its energy from fossil fuels
True
T/F The richest oil shale deposits in the United States occur in the western states of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming
True