Geology Chapter 14: Energy Resources - Fossil Fuels

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_________________ are hydrocarbon energy sources formed from the remains of once-living organisms

Fossil fuels

___________________ is the process by which coal is converted into a gaseous hydrocarbon fuel.

Gasification

_________________________ are sedimentary rocks containing a viscous, tar-like petroleum

Tar sands

Petroleum accounts for about _________ percent of the energy used in the United States. a.​10 b.​25 c.​40 d.​75

c. 40

The worst oil spill in United States waters was the a.​Santa Barbara spill b.​Amoco Cadiz spill c.​Exxon Valdez spill d.​Torrey Canyon spill

c. Amoco Cadiz spill

The nation having the largest proven reserves of crude oil is a.​the United States. b.​Kuwait. c.​Saudi Arabia. d.​Algeria.

c. Saudi Arabia

The environmental disaster that has affected the town of Centralia, Pennsylvania was caused by a.​toxic coal-ash residue. b.​acid rainfall. c.​an underground coal-mine fire. d.​an oil spill.

c. an underground coal-mine fire

As heat and pressure act upon petroleum, it finally becomes a.​oil. b.​tar. c.​natural gas. d.​coal.

c. oil

Natural gas supplies about _______ percent of the energy used in the United States. a.​5 b.​11 c.​15 d.​25

d. 5

Oil, natural gas, and coal are examples of a.​fossil fuels. b.​hydrocarbon fuel. c.​nonrenewable resources. d.​All of the above are correct.

d. All of the above are correct

Which one of the following fuels would give off the most heat per given unit weight? a.​peat b.​lignite c.​bituminous d.​anthracite

d. anthracite

The reservoir now believed to contain the largest amount of carbon is a.​the atmosphere. b.​natural gas. c.​coal (bituminous and anthracite). d.​gas hydrates.

d. gas hydrates

The United States has about two-thirds of the world's known resources of a.​tar sands. b.​natural gas. c.​coal. d.​oil shale.

d. oil shale

All of the following are problems in the development of oil shale in the U.S. as a viable energy resource except a.​extraction and processing technologies are not competitive with those of conventional petroleum. b.​environmental problems associated with the surface mining of oil shale. c.​the problem of waste rock disposal. d.​the low quality of the oil.

d. the low quality of the oil

Coal subjected to overly high temperatures will metamorphose into a.​graphite. b.​oil shale. c.​tar sand. d.​peat.

a. graphite

As societies evolve from primitive to technological, the energy consumption associated with agriculture a.​increases. b.​decreases. c.​remains constant. d.​may either increase or decrease depending upon what foods the individuals eat.

a. increases

An oil well "gusher" would be an example of a.​primary recovery. b.​secondary recovery. c.​forced recovery. d.​enhanced recovery.

a. primary recovery

The term _________________ describes processes that occur in the absence of oxygen

anaerobic

Coal supplies about ___ percent of the energy used in the United States. a.​10 b.​25 c.​50 d.​80

b. 25

One barrel of oil is equal to how many gallons? a.​21 b.​42 c.​56 d. 100

b. 42

The largest recoverable U.S. energy reserve is a.​petroleum. ​b.​coal. c.​natural gas. d.​uranium oxide.

b. coal

The hydrocarbon fuel in oil shale is a.​petroleum. b.​kerogen. c.​natural gas. d.​methane.

b. kerogen

Geopressurized zones might one day become an important source of a.​petroleum. b.​natural gas. c.​lignite. d.​kerogen.

b. natural gas

The substance found in coal that contributes to acid rainfall is a.​carbon. b.​sulfur. c.​chlorine. d.​nitrogen.

b. sulfur

T/F Most petroleum is found in rocks no older than one to two million years old.

False

T/F Most petroleum source rocks are highly permeable, coarse-grained, clastic sedimentary rocks.

False

T/F Oil and natural gas are believed to have formed from the bodies of large land animals such as dinosaurs.

False

T/F The United States consumes about 10% of all the world's oil resources

False

T/F The United States has about two-thirds of the world's supply of tar sands

False

T/F The United States has consumed almost half of its total coal resources.

False

T/F The potential fuel in tar sands is a waxy solid called kerogen

False

________________ is a soft, brown coal formed directly from peat

Lignite

________________________ is the process by which coal is converted into a liquid hydrocarbon fuel

Liquefaction

_____________ is the most common gaseous hydrocarbon in natural gas

Methane

___________________ energy resources are those not being replenished or formed on a human time scale

Nonrenewable

____________________, or petroleum, is not a single chemical compound, but a liquid mixture of various hydrocarbons

Oil

________________________ is a sedimentary rock containing the waxy hydrocarbon fuel called kerogen

Oil shale

T/F Coal formation from land plants takes place under conditions in which oxygen is absent, or nearly so.

True

T/F The United States obtains almost 90% of its energy from fossil fuels

True

T/F The richest oil shale deposits in the United States occur in the western states of Colorado, Utah, and Wyoming

True


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