Geology Chapter 7- Sedimentary Rocks
A ____ marks the end of one episode of sedimentation and the beginning of another.
bedding plane
Abundant plant material accumulating in a swampy environment with ____ is required for peat to form.
low oxygen levels
How is anthracite produced from bituminous coal?
metamorphism
Name the progression of coal types with increased heat and pressure from burial.
peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite
Which is an example of a sedimentary rock composed of solid masses of intergrown crystals?
rock salt
What mudstone displays fissility?
shale
What makes up the sediment that forms an organic sedimentary rock?
shells and plant fibers
____ describes the range in particle sizes in a detrital sedimentary rock.
sorting
In the United States, the most common type of coal is ____ and the largest producing state is ____.
sub-bituminous; Wyoming
You find a sedimentary rock that has all its flat particles aligned in parallel. From this you can infer that ____
the particles have been compacted
Chemical sedimentary rocks form from ____
the precipitation of ions in solution
What is diagenesis?
the textural, compositional, and other changes that occur to sediments after deposition
The formation of sedimentary rocks requires ____
weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks
Which agents are capable of moving sediment from the site of formation to the site of deposition?
wind running water waves ice
Example of Compaction
A dump truck dumps a load of gravel on your lawn. The dirt below it becomes more consolidated
Examples of erosion and transport of sediment
Dirt blown off a patio The dirt going down the drain after you give your dog a bath and drain the tub.
Examples of weathering of rock
Ice expanding in a crack in the road, creating a pothole Tree roots extending and cracking a sidewalk
____ is a biochemical sedimentary rock that often forms in carbonate reefs.
Limestone
Where are most sediments and sedimentary rocks found?
On the ocean floor on the surface of the continents
Examples of deposition of sediment
The dirt settling to the bottom of the tub after you give your dog a bath Dust collecting on furniture
Approximately 75% of the planets landmasses are covered by sedimentary and sedimentary rocks.
True
Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified according to clast size whereas chemical sedimentary rocks are classified based on their dominant minerals.
True
Volcanic activity in the early history of Earth is believed to be responsible for much of the CO2 found in the atmosphere.
True
What environments is fossilization likely to occur in?
a swamp the ocean floor in a floodplain
What coal is soft, black in color, and produces soot upon handling?
bituminous
Sedimentary rocks that exhibit the intergrowth of crystal masses are generally formed from the products of ____
chemical weathering
What type of detrital sedimentary rock forms from sediment transported and deposited by energetic mountain streams?
conglomerate
A ____ describes how, when a sedimentary layer is examined in cross-section laterally, various parts of the layer consist of different sediments accumulating next to each other in different environments of deposition
facies
What method of transportation will result in the coarsest sorting (poorest sorting)?
glaciers
During the process that forms sedimentary rocks, how does compaction affect sediment?
it decreases the volume of pore spaces.
Why is coal different from other sedimentary rocks?
it is made of almost entirely of organic matter