Geology Chapter 7- Sedimentary Rocks

A ____ marks the end of one episode of sedimentation and the beginning of another.

bedding plane

Abundant plant material accumulating in a swampy environment with ____ is required for peat to form.

low oxygen levels

How is anthracite produced from bituminous coal?

metamorphism

Name the progression of coal types with increased heat and pressure from burial.

peat, lignite, bituminous, anthracite

Which is an example of a sedimentary rock composed of solid masses of intergrown crystals?

rock salt

What mudstone displays fissility?

shale

What makes up the sediment that forms an organic sedimentary rock?

shells and plant fibers

____ describes the range in particle sizes in a detrital sedimentary rock.

sorting

In the United States, the most common type of coal is ____ and the largest producing state is ____.

sub-bituminous; Wyoming

You find a sedimentary rock that has all its flat particles aligned in parallel. From this you can infer that ____

the particles have been compacted

Chemical sedimentary rocks form from ____

the precipitation of ions in solution

What is diagenesis?

the textural, compositional, and other changes that occur to sediments after deposition

The formation of sedimentary rocks requires ____

weathering and erosion of pre-existing rocks

Which agents are capable of moving sediment from the site of formation to the site of deposition?

wind running water waves ice

Example of Compaction

A dump truck dumps a load of gravel on your lawn. The dirt below it becomes more consolidated

Examples of erosion and transport of sediment

Dirt blown off a patio The dirt going down the drain after you give your dog a bath and drain the tub.

Examples of weathering of rock

Ice expanding in a crack in the road, creating a pothole Tree roots extending and cracking a sidewalk

____ is a biochemical sedimentary rock that often forms in carbonate reefs.

Limestone

Where are most sediments and sedimentary rocks found?

On the ocean floor on the surface of the continents

Examples of deposition of sediment

The dirt settling to the bottom of the tub after you give your dog a bath Dust collecting on furniture

Approximately 75% of the planets landmasses are covered by sedimentary and sedimentary rocks.

True

Detrital sedimentary rocks are classified according to clast size whereas chemical sedimentary rocks are classified based on their dominant minerals.

True

Volcanic activity in the early history of Earth is believed to be responsible for much of the CO2 found in the atmosphere.

True

What environments is fossilization likely to occur in?

a swamp the ocean floor in a floodplain

What coal is soft, black in color, and produces soot upon handling?

bituminous

Sedimentary rocks that exhibit the intergrowth of crystal masses are generally formed from the products of ____

chemical weathering

What type of detrital sedimentary rock forms from sediment transported and deposited by energetic mountain streams?

conglomerate

A ____ describes how, when a sedimentary layer is examined in cross-section laterally, various parts of the layer consist of different sediments accumulating next to each other in different environments of deposition

facies

What method of transportation will result in the coarsest sorting (poorest sorting)?

glaciers

During the process that forms sedimentary rocks, how does compaction affect sediment?

it decreases the volume of pore spaces.

Why is coal different from other sedimentary rocks?

it is made of almost entirely of organic matter