Geology Final Prelude-5
The silicates are broken into several groups based on the way the silica tetrahedra are
arranged and bonded
The majority of new oceanic crust is created
at mid ocean ridges
which of the following is a mineral?
ice, which is water in the solid state
The lithosphere of the Earth will not flow because it
is too cool
Which of the following was NOT used as evidence for seafloor spreading
jigsaw puzzle fit of the continents
Marine magnetic anomalies can be used to estimate the
rate of seafloor spreading
Mid-ocean ridges are elevated above the surrounding seafloor because
ridge rocks are hot and therefore are relatively less dense than the surrounding seafloor
Terrestrial planets are mainly composed of ________, while the giant planets are made predominantly of ________.
rock and metals; volatiles
Continents passively move apart as a result of __________, and they passively move together as a result of __________.
seafloor spreading; subduction
On either side of a mid-ocean ridge, the lithosphere begins to
sink because it cools and contracts
The rate of seafloor spreading exactly matches the rate of
subduction
The primary difference between lithospheric and asthenospheric mantle that gives rise to numerous different patterns of physical behavior is
temperature: the lithosphere is cooler than the asthenosphere
Which of the following statements is true of terrestrial planets as compared to the Jovian planets?
terrestrial planets are smaller
Scientists believe that the Moon formed due to a protoplanet colliding with the Earth. If this is the case, the Moon should have a composition similar to
the Earth's mantle
If a geologist discovered coal in a modern-day cold, snowy location, he or she could conclude that
the area was once covered with swamps and/or jungles
The discovery that each continent had different and separate apparent polar-wander paths, such as those in the figure below, proved that
the continents move
Younger oceanic crust will have __________ ocean sediments, whereas older oceanic crust will have __________ oceanic sediments.
thinner; thicker
The west coast of South America is a convergent boundary
true
On Earth, __________ percent of water is fresh (nonsaline); most of this fresh water resides primarily in __________.
3; glaciers and icecaps
which of the following is Not true concerning the color of minerals
A mineral's color reflects the wavelengths of light that are absorbed by the mineral
Distinctive rock sequences on South America terminate at the Atlantic Ocean but reappear on the continent of
Africa
Minerals are grouped into mineral classes primarily on a basis of
Chemistry, specifically the anions within the chemical formula
Properties of mineral identification
Color (least reliable), streak, luster, hardness, crystal habit, clevage
A geologist aboard a deep-sea research vessel has collected several drill cores of oceanic crust from the bottom of the ocean. The cores are collected in order from east to west along the bottom of the basin and are labeled A1, B1, C1, and D1, respectively. Core A1 has 2.88 meters (m) of clay and siliceous ooze covering 4.86 m of pillow basalt. Core B1 has 2.37 m of muddy, clay ooze covering 3.57 m of basalt. Core C1 has 2.11 m of clay and siliceous ooze above 3.2 m of basalt. Core D1 has 1.87 m of siliceous ooze over 2.54 m of basalt. Which core is closest to the mid-ocean ridge?
D1
Using the Mohs hardness scale below, which of the following statements is false
Diamonds are twice as hard as apatite
Which planets lie within the habitable zone of our Solar System?
Earth and Mars
What defines a mineral
Naturally occurring, homogeneous composition and structures, crystalline solid, definable chemical composition, inorganic
In a hot spot volcanic island chain, such as the Hawaiian Islands, which of the following is true
The ages and distance between volcanoes can be used to calculate plate velocities
The image below shows a view of a typical segmented mid-ocean ridge. Which letter below marks the location of the active transform fault?
b
How do magnetic anomaly patterns on the ocean floor best serve as evidence for seafloor spreading?
The symmetry on either side of mid-ocean ridges show that new crust is created then split apart
earth was originally of homogenous composition
True
Evidence of paleomagnetism can be found in
basaltic rocks
Which of the following is a mineral?
calcite
The image below shows a mineral specimen of quartz. What is the term for the smoothly curving, clamshell-shaped surface on the sample?
conchoidal fracture
Which of these is NOT the result of plate tectonics?
convection in the outer core
which of the following is NOT a way in which specific rock types can be distinguished from one another
crystal shape
Transform boundaries occur MOST commonly perpendicular to __________ boundaries in order to break the __________ into segments so as to accommodate motion on a sphere.
divergent; mid ocean ridges
the distribution of ______ across the globe provides the primary indicator of boundaries between all tectonic plates
earthquakes
at transform plate boundaries,
earthquakes are common but volcanoes are absent
Which of the following choices lists atomic particles ordered from smallest to largest in size?
electron, proton, nucleus, atom
Atoms that are heavier than iron are generally produced by
explosions of supernovas
The two types of crust are known as lithospheric and oceanic
false
all minerals are compounds
false
which of the following minerals is a silicate
garnet
The thickness of oceanic lithosphere is
least near the mid-ocean ridges and thickens away from the ridges
A great boost in seafloor exploration and a greater understanding of seafloor bathymetry werea result of
military needs during WW2
The figure below shows the hypsometric curve for the Earth. Which of the following can be concluded from the plot of this data?
most of the continents are between 0 and 1 km above sea level
Which class of minerals is highly conductive because of metallic bonding?
native metals
The planets orbit the sun along the __________ plane
orbital
Deformed (bent, stretched, or cracked) lithosphere occurs
primarily on the margins of tectonic plates
which common rock-forming mineral shows up in all three major rock types (igneous, sedimentary, and metamorphic)
quartz
When a solution becomes oversaturated, new solid particles are said to
rapidly expand, causing an explosion