GI PreLecture Quizzes

True or False: A purpose of enteral feedings is to meet nutritional requirements of patients when oral intake is inadequate or not possible.

True

True or False: Absorption is the major function of the small intestine, and occurs when small molecules, vitamins, and minerals pass through the walls of the small intestine and into the bloodstream.

True

True or False: Acute pancreatitis presents with fever, jaundice, confusion, agitation, and abdominal guarding.

True

True or False: Barrett esophagus is a condition in which the lining of the esophageal mucosa is altered.

True

True or False: Celiac disease is a disorder of malabsorption caused by an autoimmune response to consumption of products that contain the protein gluten.

True

True or False: Decompression of the bowel through a nasogastric tube is necessary for all patients with small bowel obstruction.

True

True or False: Diarrhea is defined as the increased frequency of more than three bowel movements per day.

True

True or False: Herpes simplex is an abnormal condition of the lips that is frequently seen in immunosuppressed patients.

True

True or False: Lobectomy is the treatment of choice for hepatocellular carcinoma if it is confined to one lobe and liver function is adequate.

True

True or False: Most peptic ulcers result from infection with the gram-negative bacteria H. pylori, which may be acquired through ingestion of food and water.

True

True or False: Nursing interventions for impaired oral mucous membranes for the patient with oral cancer include gentle brushing and flossing, encourage fluid intake, and the use of synthetic saliva.

True

True or False: Parenteral nutrition solution is a good medium for bacterial growth and precautions must be taken to reduce the risk of infection.

True

True or False: Preparation of a patient for a barium enema study may begin 48 hours prior to the test.

True

True or False: Primary liver tumors usually are associated with chronic liver disease, hepatitis B and C infections, and cirrhosis.

True

True or False: The best time to teach a client to take proton pump inhibitors is 30 minutes before a meal.

True

True or False: The endocrine functions of the pancreas include secretion of insulin, glucagon, and somatostatin directly into the bloodstream.

True

True or False: The most significant source of bleeding in a patient with cirrhosis is esophageal varices.

True

True or False: The vast majority of gastric cancers are acquired and not inherited.

True

True or False: Visualizing the placement of a nasogastric or nasoenteric tube on x-ray is the only definitive way to verify its location.

True

True or False: When fluid accumulates in the peritoneal cavity, the presence and extent of ascites are assessed by percussing the abdomen.

True

True or False: Zollinger--Ellison syndrome is characterized by tumors of the islets of Langerhans that result in hypersecretion of gastric acid.

True

Pancreatic enzymes include amylase, which aids in the digestion of carbohydrates; _____________, which aids in the digestion of proteins; and lipase, which aids in the digestion of fats.

Trypsin

The most frequent symptom of oral cancer is a __________ sore or mass that bleeds easily and does not heal.

Painless

Elderly, acutely ill, or debilitated people with decreased salivary gland secretion from general dehydration or medications are at high risk for ____________ which is characterized by swelling.

Parotitis

The correct sequence to perform an abdominal assessment is to perform inspection, auscultation, __________ and palpation.

Percussion

_______________________ is a result of obstructed blood flow through the liver and results in ascites and esophageal varices.

Portal Hypertension

Patients with cirrhosis are at increased risk for bleeding and hemorrhage because of the decreased production of ________________ and the decreased ability of the diseased liver to synthesize the necessary substances for blood coagulation.

Prothrombin

The patient with chronic pancreatitis often has frequent, frothy, foul smelling stools, a condition known as _________________.

Steatorrhea

__________ is a frequently occurring side effect of chemotherapy or radiation therapy.

Stomatitis

In the immediate postoperative period following a neck dissection the nurse must assess for ________ which can be heard over the trachea with a stethoscope.

Stridor

Straining at stool initiates the ____________ maneuver that results in a potentially dangerous increase in BP.

Valsalva

________ is the most common symptom of esophageal disease and may vary from an uncomfortable feeling in the upper esophagus to acute pain on swallowing.

Dysphagia

Gastric residual volumes are measured before intermittent feedings and every _______ hours during continuous feedings.

4 to 6

True or False: Chyme, which is partially digested food mixed with gastric secretions, can stay in the small intestine for up to 24 hours allowing for continued breakdown and absorption of nutrients.

False

True or False: Cyclic feedings are administered into the stomach in large amounts and at designated intervals.

False

True or False: Diverticula may occur anywhere in the small intestine or colon, but most commonly occur in the ascending colon.

False

True or False: Gallstones, composed predominantly of pigment, account for 75% of all cases of gallbladder diseases in the United States.

False

True or False: In a radical neck dissection, the tumor and surrounding musculature are removed but the cervical lymph nodes are left intact.

False

True or False: Pancreatic carcinoma has only a 5% survival rate at 5 years regardless of the stage of the disease at diagnosis or treatment.

False

True or False: Ptyalin, an enzyme secreted by the salivary glands, has a direct effect on the digestion of proteins and fatty acids.

False

True or False: The hepatitis A virus is transmitted primarily parenterally through percutaneous and permucosal routes.

False

True or False: The most common site for a peptic ulcer formation is in the pylorus.

False

True or False: The patient with a hiatal hernia should be instructed to lie down for at least 1 hour after eating.

False

True or False: The patient with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) should select foods low in fiber in order to minimize intestinal irritation.

False

True or False: When administering oral medications to a patient receiving tube feedings, medications may be crushed and mixed with the feeding formula.

False

The major stimulus for digestive enzyme secretion is the hormone ________________, which acts by stimulating the gallbladder to contract.

Cholecystokinin

True or False: Acute gastritis is a prolonged inflammation due to benign or malignant ulcers of the stomach.

False

Severe _______________ pain is the major symptom of pancreatitis that causes the patient to seek medical care.

Abdominal

The etiology of cancer of the colon and rectum is predominantly _____________________, a malignancy arising from the epithelial lining of the intestine.

Adenocarcinoma

Currently, the most commonly used therapy for peptic ulcers is a combination of ____________, proton pump inhibitors, and bismuth salts that suppresses or eradicates H. pylori.

Antibiotics

________________, the most common cause of acute surgical abdomen in the United States, is the most common reason for emergency abdominal surgery.

Appendicitis

When administering continuous or cyclic tube feedings, a primary nursing responsibility is preventing _________ pneumonia by elevating the HOB 30 to 45 degrees.

Aspiration

_______________, an involuntary flapping of the hands, may be seen in stage 2 encephalopathy.

Asterixis

Intrinsic factor, which is secreted by the gastric mucosa, cannot be absorbed without the presence of vitamin ________.

B12

The liver manufactures and secretes ________ which has a major role in the digestion and absorption of fats in the GI tract.

Bile

Hepatocellular jaundice is caused by the inability of damaged liver cells to clear normal amounts of ___________ from the blood.

Bilirubin

In patients with gastric cancer a _______may be used to evaluate for the presence of anemia.

CBC

A ___________________ device is designed and used for long-term administration of medications and fluids into central veins.

Central Venous Access

A laparoscopic _________________ is the standard therapy for symptomatic gallstones.

Cholecystectomy

In Crohn's disease, the common clinical manifestations include abdominal pain and _____________.

Diarrhea

_____________________ may occur a result any surgical procedure that involves the removal of a significant portion of the stomach or includes resection or removal of the pylorus.

Dumping Syndrome

_____________, an abdominal discomfort associated with eating, is the most common symptom of patients with gastrointestinal dysfunction.

Dyspepsia

Gastritis and _____________ from peptic ulcer disease are the two most common causes of upper GI tract bleeding.

Hemorrhage

Greater than 5 to 6 bowel sounds heard in less than 30 seconds is considered a standard used to document bowel sounds that are ________________.

Hyperactive

The goals of parenteral nutrition are to _______ nutritional status and to attain a ________ nitrogen status.

Improve, Positive

_____________________ is a chronic functional disorder characterized by recurrent abdominal pain associated with diarrhea, constipation, or both.

Irritable Bowel Syndrome

Digestive enzymes secreted by the pancreas include trypsin (aids protein digestion), amylase (aids starch digestion), and __________ which aids fat digestion.

Lipase

Tumors of the small intestine are uncommon, of these approximately 64% are __________________.

Malignant

In order to prevent injury to the nasopharyngeal passages, the nasogastric tube is secured to the ______ with tape.

Nose