Global Issue Module 10 Test 3

While the MDGs included 8 goals and 21 targets, the SDGs include:

17 goals and 169 targets

At which of the following conferences was the UN's Environment Program (UNEP) created?

1972 Stockholm Conference

Which of the following environmental conferences first combined scientific issues with broader political, social, and economic issues?

1972 Stockholm Conference

Who was responsible for crafting the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs)?

A Group of UN experts under the guidance of the UN Secretary-General

What change in thinking is linked to Agenda 21? (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)

A growing recognition that developed countries should cut down on their wasteful consumption patterns A growing recognition that developing countries should integrate the environment into their development strategies

The Brundtland Commission's 1987 report "Our Common Future" identified: (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

A need for world-wide development strategies that recognized the limits of our ecosystem Poverty eradication as a necessary requirement for environmentally sustainable development

Which of the following are listed as part of the MDGs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Achieve universal primary education Reduce child mortality Combat HIV/AIDS and other diseases Ensure environmental sustainability Ensure environmental sustainability Promote gender equality and women's empowerment Develop a global partnership for development Improve maternal health

Which of the following were the key outcomes of the Johannesburg Summit in 2002 (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

An implementation plan detailing a comprehensive program of action with quantifiable goals and targets A pledge by the world's leaders to commit fully to the goal of sustainable development The forming of nearly 300 voluntary partnerships between private sector and civil society organizations to support sustainable development

Who was responsible for crafting the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)?

Governments working together in the Open Working Group on Sustainable Development

One of the key outcomes of Rio+20 was a focus on building a green economy. A green economy is an economy that (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

Improves human well-being and social equity while reducing environmental risks Is low-carbon, resource-efficient, and socially inclusive

What action did the UN take in 2015 to push for greater environmental stewardship in its development agenda?

It adopted the Sustainable Development Goals

In 2015, the UN's ___________________ expired and were replaced by the ____________________.

Millennium Development Goals / Sustainable Development Goals

What are reasons for why in 2000 the UN General Assembly adopted the MDGs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Official development assistance from industrialized countries had declined since the 1992 Rio Summit Increasing concerns over globalization and emerging issues such as the HIV/AIDS pandemic A growing recognition that the world was failing to reach most of the goals set out in Agenda 21

Sustainable development involves: (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)

Reducing consumption Increasing efficiency Using renewable energies

Which of the following are actions individuals can take to help achieve the SDGs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Save water: avoid baths, take shorter showers Don't waste food (buy only what you need, freeze left-overs) Buy products from companies that have sustainable practices Turn off the lights

Sustainable development has been defined as (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers):

Sound environmental planning without sacrificing economic and social improvements Development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs Development that improves the quality of human life while living within the carrying capacity of supporting ecosystems

What is the main critique that developing states (LDCs) levy against industrial states (MDCs) over global environmental issues (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

That the average person in an industrialized country accounts for significantly more resource consumption than someone in a poorer country That the long history of MDC industrialization processes has been the greatest contributor to global environmental problems

Which of the following are points of criticism made against the SDGs (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

The SDGs are internally inconsistent because they don't acknowledge that global poverty and ecological decline are tied to extreme wealth, inequality, and overconsumption There are too many goals and targets for them to be effective

While negotiated independently of the 1992 Earth Summit, what legally-binding treaties are also associated with the conference in Rio de Janeiro (and sometimes referred to as the Rio Conventions)?

The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change and the Convention on Biological Diversity

What distinguishes the Brundtland Commission's definition of sustainable development from the one proposed by the International Union for the Conservation of Nature, the United Nations Environment Programme, and the World Wide Fund for Nature?

The former focuses on the well-being of humans while the latter extends the definition to the biosphere

What apparent tension is part of the concept of sustainable development?

The tension between economic health, social health, and ecological health

What does "UN MDGs" stand for?

United Nations Millennium Development Goals

The tension over sustainable development can be stated as:

Whether the focus should be on environmental conservation of living and nonliving resources or on enhancing economic growth and development

Which of the following are questions that remain unanswered even after the SDGs were adopted (select all that apply, there are one to four possible correct answers)?

Who will decide on the how much of the financial costs will be taken on by public and how much by private sources? Will MDCs carry a greater share of the financial obligations than LDCs?