Global Issues Chapter 14

According to the text, the view of international environmental problems as collective action problems fits well with which of the following international relations theories?

Liberalism

The largest amount of a renewable resource that can be harvested each year without reducing the amount that can be harvested in the future years is called the

Maximum sustainable yield

According to the text, which of the following transnational problems does NOT relate to pollution of waterways that border more than one country?

Mississippi River

Which treaty commits to reduce the production and use of gases that deplete the ozone layer?

Montreal Protocol

of the environmental agreements discussed in this chapter, which one is seen as a success?

Montreal Protocol

World population is growing mainly because?

Mortality has decreased so dramatically

External costs that force costs (in terms, for example, of polluted air or water) onto others are also known as

Negative externalities

Natural products whos supply is fundamentally limited are known as?

Nonrenewable resources

Which of the following is a generalized factor that influences the difficulty in solving collective action problems?

Number of actors

All of the following environmental problems are considered global, except for

Overconsumption of water from watersheds which supply more than one country.

Those resources that can be sustained indefinitely, as long as the state of consumption does not exceed the natural rate of replacement, are known as?

Renewable resources

Beyond collective action problems, there is a general set of obstacles that tend to arise on many international environmental issues. Which of the following is not a barrier to cooperation?

Scientific proof

Beyond collective action problems, which of the following is not an obstacle that tends to arise on many international environmental issues?

Struggle for influence or control among intergovernmental organizations

Which of the following treaties was signed by the Rio Summit in 1992?

The Convention on Biological Diversity

Which of the following is NOT a goal of the Convention on Biological Diversity?

The control of biodiversity by developed countries

What was the primary reason that successive U.S. presidents have not submitted to the Kyoto Protocol for Senate ratification?

The economic cost of the agreement was prohibitively expensive

Concerning the resolution of collective action problems, which of the following is true?

The more actors are part of a given collective action problem, the harder it is to solve.

Which of the following is not a reason threat wind farms are opposed

They are not economical

How do scientists suggest we solve the "trilemma" created by the shift in recent years from fossil fuels to biofuels, such as ethanol?

They suggest that biofuel production should be carried out in very particular ways, such as by growing perennial grasses on abandoned fields.

According to the text, which of the following transnational problems relate to overconsumption of water from watersheds that supply more than one country?

Tigris and Euphrates

Which country is today the world's largest ethanol producer?

United States

Which two countries together account for nearly 90 percent of global ethanol production?

United States and Brazil

According to the text, which of the following wars would realist claim was not caused by a competition over resources?

Vietnam War

When national leaders must simultaneously negotiate with other nation-states and with domestic constituencies they are said to be engaging in

a two-level game

The Most recent meeting to negotiate a new plan to combat global warming and climate change took place in late 2011 in

b. Durban, South Africa

In Japan, Russia, and much of Europe, birthrates have

declined dramatically

The tragedy of the commons refers to the situation in which

each individual acts according to his or her individual interests, resulting in a collective disaster

The Convention of Biological Diversity contains all of the following components except

encouraging basic scientific research by easing laws

The Montreal Protocol is significant because it

focused on environmental problems between Canada and the United States

Economic structuralists focus on how environmental issues influence

gaps in wealth and economic power

While there is not yet a global shortage of fresh water in the world, several regions are already experiencing severe shortages due to

increased consumption

According to some observers of the Kyoto Protocol, if emissions were reduced to the 1990 level, this would .

not be enough to solve the problem of global warming

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has played an important role in

providing scientific evidence on the certainty of global warming

In terms of environmental problems, realists would agree with all the following except

realists are skeptical about climate change and resource shortages.

An increase in the planet's temperature can be expected to have all of the following effects except

rising sea levels

Cooperation to limit gases that deplete the ozone layer was possible because

science on this problem became indisputable

Regarding the Convention on Biological Diversity, the United States has

signed the treaty, yet not ratified it

All of the following are examples of the tragedy of the commons, except

space exploration

which of the following accidents was one of the first cases to bring environmental issues together with the questions of poverty and development

the Bhopal chemical leak in India in the early 1980s

One of the most prominent states who has not ratified the Kyoto Protocol is

the United States

In 1962, Silent Spring was published by Rachel Carson. What was the main subject of the book?

the effects of pesticide use on human and animal health

In the United States, the focus on environmental protection can be traced back to

the late 1800s when Yellowstone National Park was established

Approximately how much of U.S. corn production goes into ethanol production, rather than into food supply

4o percent

In 2012 the world's population surpassed

7 Billion

According to geographer Jared Diamond, if people in the developing world were to consume as much as the average American, in terms of consumption of resources is would be as if the total population exceeded

70 Billion

By 2025, many estimates claim that the world's population will exceed...

8 Billion people

A situation in which a group of actors has a common interest, but cannot collaborate to achieve it is called

A collective action problem

What event caused Britain to pass its Clean Air Act in the mid-1950s?

A severe smog event in London

China has recently provided billions of dollars in funding for national infrastructure and human development projects in which of the following regions?

Africa

Which of the following is a global environmental problem?

Biodiversity Loss

Which of the following pioneered the use of biofuels as a means of energy independence after the global energy crisis of 1973?

Brazil

According to the text, which of the following transnational problems concern overfishing of shared bodies of water?

Caspian Sea

Which country contributes the most ot the production of greenhouse gases?

China

Which of the following was not a result or outcome from the Durban meeting in late 2011?

China agreed to limit greenhouse gases, but the United States balked at having to do so.

Which of the following is NOT true about China?

China has minimal ability to grow economically because of strict environmental protections

Which of the following theories directs us to look at the role of ideas in shaping behavior toward the environment and toward environmental policy?

Constructivism

All of the following environmental problems are considered transnational, but not global, except for

Depletion of the ozone layer

The "Green Revolution" refers to the...

Dramatic gains in agricultural yields in many developing countries, caused by increased use of fertilizers, pesticides, and new crop breeds

According to the Kyoto Protocol, which area is meant to reduce the most in terms of greenhouse gases?

European Union states

For ________, the central questions are how environmental degradation affects women and how women might contribute to the amelioration of environmental problems.

Feminism