GOHS Level Gov - Final Exam Spring 22

Hernandez v. Texas (1954)

A 1954 Supreme Court decision that extended protection against discrimination to Hispanics.

Texas v. Johnson

A 1989 case in which the Supreme Court struck down a law banning the burning of the American flag on the grounds that such action was symbolic speech protected by the First Amendment.

writ of habeas corpus

A court order that requires police to bring a prisoner to court to explain why they are holding the person

Majority opinion of the Supreme Court:

A decision of the Supreme Court that represents the agreed-on compromise judgement of all the justices in the majority

democracy

A political system in which the supreme power lies in a body of citizens who can elect people to represent them

Limited Government

A principle of constitutional government; a government whose powers are defined and limited by a constitution. - government must follow the law

Federalism

A system in which power is divided between the national and state governments

Separation of Powers

Constitutional division of powers among the legislative, executive, and judicial branches, with the legislative branch making law, the executive applying and enforcing the law, and the judiciary interpreting the law

Mapp v. Ohio (1961)

Established exclusionary rule; illegally obtained evidence cannot be used in court; Warren Court's judicial activism.

Article I of the Constitution

Establishes Congress as the legislative branch of Federal Government and lists the powers of Congress.

Supremacy Clause

Federal law is supreme over state law

Tinker v. Des Moines (1969)

Guaranteed a student's right to protest (wearing armbands).

Engle v. Vitale (1962)

Mandatory prayer in schools is a violation of the establishment clause

Gideon v. Wainwright (1963)

Ordered states to provide lawyers for those unable to afford them in criminal proceedings. Warren Court's judicial activism in criminal rights.

Miranda v. Arizona

Supreme Court held that criminal suspects must be informed of their right to consult with an attorney and of their right against self-incrimination prior to questioning by police.

New Jersey v. TLO

Supreme court case in which it was decided that a student may be searched if there is "reasonable suspicion" for doing so.

appellate jurisdiction

The authority of a court to review decisions made by lower courts

Article II of the Constitution

This article describes the role and power of the Executive Branch. The President and Vice President.

double jeopardy

Trial or punishment for the same crime by the same government; forbidden by the Constitution.

Lawrence v. Texas (2003)

Using right of privacy, struck down Texas law banning sodomy.

political party

a group that seeks to elect candidates to public office

Plaintiff

a person who brings a case against another in a court of law.

Terms of Federal Judges

appointed for life- until they resign, retire, or die in office

jurisdication

authority to hear a case

Article III of the Constitution

creates the Supreme Court but allows Congress to establish lower courts.

expressed powers

powers that congress has that are specifically listed in the constitution

Veto Power of the President

sign bills into law veto bills and sends back to the house they originated pocket veto bills - Example of Checks and Balances

United States Supreme Court

the highest federal court in the United States - REQUIRED by the Constitution

Federal judges are appointed by

the president and confirmed by the senate