gov final pt2
The right of an individual to be left alone without any interference from others is known as the right to:
privacy
probably committed a crime
probable cause
more money you make the higher the tax burden
progressive taxes
none, other than having to be appointed by president and confirmed by senate
qualifications for all federal judges/justices
all others non suspect classes
rational bias test
rational scrutiny test
rational reason
2 consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth
recession
percentage of income is taxed, penalizes the poor
regressive taxes
elections must be held with regularity to give the people an opportunity to change their mind
regular
According to the establishment clause, the government is required to
remain neutral towards all religious institutions
__________ presidents favor original intent of justices and judges
republican
just because it wasn't written in the constitution doesnt mean its not a _______
right
What experience influenced the framers to include protections for civil liberties in the Constitution?
the British government's oppressive actions against American colonists
Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court interpreted as protected by the Second Amendment?
the right for states to have a well-regulated militia and for individuals to possess firearms
favored by democrat presidents
judicial activism
idea that the constitutions is a living breathing document and judges should interpret it in light of today's situation, judges make cost benefit analysis to see if it applies today
judicial activism
power to invalidate laws and actions of the executive and legislative branches
judicial review
The Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments ensure
justice and fairness in the administration of the law.
each side ties a legal brief arguing their side of case
legal briefs
Time, place, and manner restrictions on public assembly seek to control what type of behavior?
loud or violent protests that threaten public peace
must be agreed to by majority of the court (only opinion controlling and have to follow)
majority opinion
case gave the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review
marbury v madison
getting people elected as policy makers
means of political parties
business outlets that deliver information, data and or entertainment usually designed to appeal to a niche audience
media
combines both free and command economies
mixed economy
_______ plays part in interest group by giving access to political
money
________ for political parties is just a means of getting their people elected
money
all religious and nonreligious groups, an individual's free exercise of religion.
The constitutional freedom of religion protects
How has the Supreme Court generally interpreted the establishment clause in their rulings over time?
There is no set interpretation. The Court has often shifted back and forth in its opinions.
Constitutionally guaranteed civil liberties exist to protect Americans from
arbitrary government interference against citizens, opinions, and property.
every government in federal government besides supreme court is an _________
article 3 court
Based on their experiences with the British, what types of government action did the framers of the Constitution seek to protect citizens against
censorship, limitations on speech, confiscation of property
Runs the day-to-day operations of federal government, appoints members of cabinet, federal judges and jobs
chief executive
absolute monarch
chief of state
symbolic leader of the country, appoints ambassadors, negotiates treaties
chief of state
chiefs spokesperson and symbolic leader of those people, speaks to foreign countries; also president
chief of state (country)
What does the Fifth Amendment prohibit?
compelled self-incrimination, double jeopardy
justices that argue with majority decision, but for different
concurring opinion
The Supreme Court's ruling in District of Columbia v. Heller dramatically changed the meaning of the Second Amendment by
confering to citizens an individual right to possess a firearm for lawful purposes.
two categories of law
criminal and civil
Which constitutional rights safeguard those accused of crimes and constrain government investigations, trials, and punishments?
criminal due process rights
government tries officials with breaking laws
criminal law
The Eighth Amendment provides protection against the imposition of_____ and unusual punishment
cruel
while there are constitutional requirements to running for office, most people cant run for federal elective office
deciding to run
usually through negative campaigning
defining your opponent
limits government, protects people, government cant take away life/liberty/ property without going through the process
due process
True or false: Freedom of speech includes spoken or written language but not symbolic actions such as picketing or wearing an armband to signify a protest.
false
True or false: The Supreme Court tends to adopt a separationist approach for most cases that deal with interpretations of the establishment clause.
false
True or false: The last category of civil liberties that bear directly on civic engagement consists of the criminal due process protections established in the First, Second, Seventh, and Eighth Amendments.
false
The removal of some books from public primary and secondary school libraries is seen by some as a violation of the:
first amendment
way government taxes its population and spends it resources
fiscal policy
Feared anarchy, monarchy, wary of executive power, congress would be focal point in national emergency and government
framers of the presidency
available to all or universal suffrage without adverse consequence to participation
free
The First Amendment freedoms that support civic discourse include which of the following freedoms? (Choose every correct answer.)
freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, freedom of speech
The First Amendment freedoms that support civic discourse include which of the following freedoms?
freedom of speech, press, assembly
presidential strategy in primary elections to focus on early primaries to build momentum
front loading
estimate amount of money needed to mount a serious bid for federal elective office
fundraising
supreme court only ______ of cases appealed to them
%1
In the Griswold case, the Court concluded that the right to privacy is ______ all other liberties
implied in
challenger should attack the incumbent record, incumbent need to defend their record
incumbent v challenger strategy
_______ attempt to change policy or keep it the same by providing policy-makers with information
interest groups
gender, age, handicap
intermediate scrutiny
supreme court can _______ actions by states, assuming it conflicts with us constitution
invalidate
government leaves market alone, supply and demand will equalize
invisible hand
interest groups, theory of policy making that includes interest groups
iron triangle
bring out the body
Habeas Corpus
It passed the Flag Protection Act, which was subsequently struck down by the Court.
How did Congress respond to the Supreme Court's ruling in Texas v. Johnson?
right of a court to review decisions made by lower courts
appellate jurisdiction
recently a cargo ship ran into francis scott key bridge in what city
baltimore
True democracy Blank______ when the government controls the press
cannot survive
goal of political parties
change or keep policy
in many ways he sets the legislative agenda 1) president proposes laws he would like passed 2)proposes federal budget president has messaging power, veto, and their own federal budget
chief policy maker
head of political party, campaigns for members of his/her party
chief politician
disputes, usually between individuals who are attempting to right a wrong for which the law provides a remedy
civil law
5th amendment, due process, life/liberty/process
civil liberty
5th amendment, due process, 14th amendment equal protection
civil right
everyone must be treated the same under the law applied the same to all people
civil rights
central government control of all countries economic decisions
command (planned) economy
commander of all us military forces, broad powers to deal with emergencies, war making power
commander in chief
strict scrutiny test
compelling reason
increase in total value of a countries economy
economic growth
study of markets
economics
apportionment (draw lines to favor party), primaries
election law favor 2 party system
___________ are a fundamental aspect of civil and political engagement in a democracy
elections, campaigns and voting
whoever wins popular vote in each state gets all the states electoral vote
electoral college
The First Amendment clause that prohibits the government from passing any laws that establish an official religion is known as the________clause
establishment
The ______ clause of the First Amendment bans the state from helping religious institutions, whereas the ______ clause bans the state from restricting the free practice of religion by individuals.
establishment, free exercise
must be held with secret ballot and equal suffrage
fair
tax on all goods and services at the point of consumption, only pay it when you buy something, targeted sales tax
fair taxes
to gage the prevailing public opinion, most large campaigns do their own polling
focus groups and polling
The First Amendment protection that makes it illegal for the government to enact laws that restrict the free practice of religion by any individual is known as the ______ clause.
free exercise
businesses and individuals have freedom to pursue their own economic interests
free market economy
3 essential elements in democracy elections
free, fair, regular
election to determine which party's nominee will win the office being sought
general elections
Events or causes of action that occur within the geographical boundaries of the court's country, state or territory.
geographical jurisdiction
___________ is effected by economy and vice versa
government
The landmark case that firmly established the right to privacy is
griswold v connecticut
total amount of monetary value of all goods produced in one year
growth domestic product
chief executive of a nations government that runs the day to day business of the nations government
head of the government
In which of the following instances would a warrantless search be valid?
if there is no reasonable expectation of privacy
presidents have assumed extraordinary powers in areas of foreign and domestic policy
imperial presidency
intermediate scrutiny test
important reason
Constitutional guarantees that protect citizens, opinions, and property are known as civil
liberties
The role of the Bill of Rights is to ______ government power.
limit
district courts
lower level
The concept based on the belief that authentic discourse depends on free and unrestrained discussion of different points of view is known as the ______ of ideas.
marketplace
photo ops, sound bites, issue spinning
news management
television ads(most expensive), radio, newspaper, billboards
news management
In 2019, a report published by Freedom House noted that, worldwide, freedom of the press has been:
on the decline
primary elections in which all party ballots are available to any voter on election day, but a voter can only choose one
open primary
favored by republican presidents
original intent
judges apply values of the founders and original meaning of constitution in in 1787 and apply to today's situations
original intent
the right of a court to hear a case for the first time, collect evidence and render a verdict
original jurisdiction
pleading the fifth
person cannot be forced to contribute to their own prosecution
government attempts to balance government power and the rights of individuals
personal liberties
intersection between 2 seperate fields of study
political economy
organizations that attempt to keep or change the policy by getting their people elected as the policy-makers
political parties
organize, party platform (explain what they're for and what they're not), grow (attempt to bring in new people to their party)
political parties get people elected how?
general federal elections process
presidential campaigns
Vice president, Speaker of the House, President pro tempore
presidential succession
president of the senate and is to agree with president's views, is held as a close advisor.
vice president
Thomas Jefferson argued that the First Amendment built a ______ between church and state
wall of separation
According to the Constitution, a reasonable search is one where the police have obtained a(n)
warrant
media mentions, campaign support and money, and informal qualifications
ways to get elected
Before a warrant is issued, what must be determined?
whether probable cause exists
many parliamentary governments have proportional representation system
winner takes all electoral system
intermediate, court of appeals
13 civil courts
Which of the following amendments contribute to ensuring criminal due process
4th,5th,6th, and 8th
cruel and unusual punishment
8th amendment
What was the distinction that the Court made in granting students wearing armbands in Tinker v. Des Moines First Amendment protections but not extending those same protections to people burning draft cards in U.S. v. O'Brien?
In outlawing the burning of draft cards, the government had a legitimate purpose apart from the suppression of political expression.
Article 3 of the Constitution
Judicial Branch (least dangerous branch)
constitutional cases, cases involving federal laws and treaties
Jurisdiction of Federal Courts
natural born citizen, 35 years old, resident of U.S. for 14 years
What are the requirements to be president?
trying a person again for a crime they have been cleared of in court
What is double jeopardy?
Gun ownership creates a free and safe society, The right to personal safety versus everyone's right to be safe and secure
Which of the following arguments relate to the controversy surrounding the Second Amendment?
allowing citizens to hear competing ideas about public issues, ensuring that the government remains accountable to its citizens
Which of the following principles are important to the First Amendment freedom of the press?
Citizens must be able to share information and ideas and publicly criticize their government.
Why is freedom of speech important to the democratic process?
According to the Supreme Court, when considering the reasonableness of a search, the strictest interpretation requires which of the following?
a warrant
most issues are dualist in nature
abortion and taxes
father of political economy
adam smith
The Supreme Court's clear and present danger test, as established in the Schenck v. U.S. case,
allows authorities to silence speech when it poses a threat that the government could prevent.
what third party presidential candidate has been rising in polls
robert kennedy junior
four justices want to hear case
rule of four
A major concern with the development of new forms of data-collection technology is that they will
sacrifice citizens privacy and liberty
Citizens who support gun control laws claim that are seeking a ______ society
safer
when if ever, can the government discriminate based on race, gender, religion or other protected status
scrutiny tests
idea that judges should limit their power from the bench in favor of elected officials
self-restraint
In Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court extended the exclusionary rule to ____ court proceedings
state
race, religion, creed
strict scrutiny
What are the religious clauses in the First Amendment?
the establishment and free exercise clause
Which of the following elements of the government was the Bill of Rights intended to limit?
the national legislative, executive, and judicial branches
The application of all the protections claimed in the Bill of Rights to the states is known as ____ incorporation, whereas case-by-case consideration of these protections is known as ___incorporation.
total, selective
True or false: Central to the democratic process is the freedom to speak critically about government and politics.
true
True or false: Every state allows for some form of concealed-carry protection, which allows citizens to have weapons on them or in close proximity.
true
True or false: The American gun debate stems from a disagreement about how to interpret the language of the Second Amendment.
true
True or false: The constitutional right to privacy has only relatively recently been recognized by the Supreme Court.
true
Since 1992, the Supreme Court has evaluated state abortion laws by using the ______ test
undue burden
president uses popularity to bring up members of their political party
president coattails
chief of state, chief executive, chief politician, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief policymaker
president roles
structure of presidency has changed little overtime, function of presidency has changed a great deal over time
presidential power
election to determine a party's nominee for public office
primary elections
started with theodore roosevelt, who expanded the size and scope of presidency
rise of president centered government
Historically, in times of perceived internal and external threats, the Supreme Court has been more willing to ______ political speech
suppress
Picketing, flag burning, or wearing an armband are all examples of:
symbolic speech
imposed by governments upon taxpayers to fund government operations
taxes
What case tested the Court's commitment to protecting symbolic speech of a highly unpopular nature by asking it to evaluate an individual's conviction under state law for burning the American flag?
texas v johnson