gov final pt2

The right of an individual to be left alone without any interference from others is known as the right to:

privacy

probably committed a crime

probable cause

more money you make the higher the tax burden

progressive taxes

none, other than having to be appointed by president and confirmed by senate

qualifications for all federal judges/justices

all others non suspect classes

rational bias test

rational scrutiny test

rational reason

2 consecutive quarters of negative GDP growth

recession

percentage of income is taxed, penalizes the poor

regressive taxes

elections must be held with regularity to give the people an opportunity to change their mind

regular

According to the establishment clause, the government is required to

remain neutral towards all religious institutions

__________ presidents favor original intent of justices and judges

republican

just because it wasn't written in the constitution doesnt mean its not a _______

right

What experience influenced the framers to include protections for civil liberties in the Constitution?

the British government's oppressive actions against American colonists

Which of the following rights has the Supreme Court interpreted as protected by the Second Amendment?

the right for states to have a well-regulated militia and for individuals to possess firearms

favored by democrat presidents

judicial activism

idea that the constitutions is a living breathing document and judges should interpret it in light of today's situation, judges make cost benefit analysis to see if it applies today

judicial activism

power to invalidate laws and actions of the executive and legislative branches

judicial review

The Fourth, Fifth, Sixth, and Eighth Amendments ensure

justice and fairness in the administration of the law.

each side ties a legal brief arguing their side of case

legal briefs

Time, place, and manner restrictions on public assembly seek to control what type of behavior?

loud or violent protests that threaten public peace

must be agreed to by majority of the court (only opinion controlling and have to follow)

majority opinion

case gave the Supreme Court's power of Judicial Review

marbury v madison

getting people elected as policy makers

means of political parties

business outlets that deliver information, data and or entertainment usually designed to appeal to a niche audience

media

combines both free and command economies

mixed economy

_______ plays part in interest group by giving access to political

money

________ for political parties is just a means of getting their people elected

money

all religious and nonreligious groups, an individual's free exercise of religion.

The constitutional freedom of religion protects

How has the Supreme Court generally interpreted the establishment clause in their rulings over time?

There is no set interpretation. The Court has often shifted back and forth in its opinions.

Constitutionally guaranteed civil liberties exist to protect Americans from

arbitrary government interference against citizens, opinions, and property.

every government in federal government besides supreme court is an _________

article 3 court

Based on their experiences with the British, what types of government action did the framers of the Constitution seek to protect citizens against

censorship, limitations on speech, confiscation of property

Runs the day-to-day operations of federal government, appoints members of cabinet, federal judges and jobs

chief executive

absolute monarch

chief of state

symbolic leader of the country, appoints ambassadors, negotiates treaties

chief of state

chiefs spokesperson and symbolic leader of those people, speaks to foreign countries; also president

chief of state (country)

What does the Fifth Amendment prohibit?

compelled self-incrimination, double jeopardy

justices that argue with majority decision, but for different

concurring opinion

The Supreme Court's ruling in District of Columbia v. Heller dramatically changed the meaning of the Second Amendment by

confering to citizens an individual right to possess a firearm for lawful purposes.

two categories of law

criminal and civil

Which constitutional rights safeguard those accused of crimes and constrain government investigations, trials, and punishments?

criminal due process rights

government tries officials with breaking laws

criminal law

The Eighth Amendment provides protection against the imposition of_____ and unusual punishment

cruel

while there are constitutional requirements to running for office, most people cant run for federal elective office

deciding to run

usually through negative campaigning

defining your opponent

limits government, protects people, government cant take away life/liberty/ property without going through the process

due process

True or false: Freedom of speech includes spoken or written language but not symbolic actions such as picketing or wearing an armband to signify a protest.

false

True or false: The Supreme Court tends to adopt a separationist approach for most cases that deal with interpretations of the establishment clause.

false

True or false: The last category of civil liberties that bear directly on civic engagement consists of the criminal due process protections established in the First, Second, Seventh, and Eighth Amendments.

false

The removal of some books from public primary and secondary school libraries is seen by some as a violation of the:

first amendment

way government taxes its population and spends it resources

fiscal policy

Feared anarchy, monarchy, wary of executive power, congress would be focal point in national emergency and government

framers of the presidency

available to all or universal suffrage without adverse consequence to participation

free

The First Amendment freedoms that support civic discourse include which of the following freedoms? (Choose every correct answer.)

freedom of assembly, freedom of the press, freedom of speech

The First Amendment freedoms that support civic discourse include which of the following freedoms?

freedom of speech, press, assembly

presidential strategy in primary elections to focus on early primaries to build momentum

front loading

estimate amount of money needed to mount a serious bid for federal elective office

fundraising

supreme court only ______ of cases appealed to them

%1

In the Griswold case, the Court concluded that the right to privacy is ______ all other liberties

implied in

challenger should attack the incumbent record, incumbent need to defend their record

incumbent v challenger strategy

_______ attempt to change policy or keep it the same by providing policy-makers with information

interest groups

gender, age, handicap

intermediate scrutiny

supreme court can _______ actions by states, assuming it conflicts with us constitution

invalidate

government leaves market alone, supply and demand will equalize

invisible hand

interest groups, theory of policy making that includes interest groups

iron triangle

bring out the body

Habeas Corpus

It passed the Flag Protection Act, which was subsequently struck down by the Court.

How did Congress respond to the Supreme Court's ruling in Texas v. Johnson?

right of a court to review decisions made by lower courts

appellate jurisdiction

recently a cargo ship ran into francis scott key bridge in what city

baltimore

True democracy Blank______ when the government controls the press

cannot survive

goal of political parties

change or keep policy

in many ways he sets the legislative agenda 1) president proposes laws he would like passed 2)proposes federal budget president has messaging power, veto, and their own federal budget

chief policy maker

head of political party, campaigns for members of his/her party

chief politician

disputes, usually between individuals who are attempting to right a wrong for which the law provides a remedy

civil law

5th amendment, due process, life/liberty/process

civil liberty

5th amendment, due process, 14th amendment equal protection

civil right

everyone must be treated the same under the law applied the same to all people

civil rights

central government control of all countries economic decisions

command (planned) economy

commander of all us military forces, broad powers to deal with emergencies, war making power

commander in chief

strict scrutiny test

compelling reason

increase in total value of a countries economy

economic growth

study of markets

economics

apportionment (draw lines to favor party), primaries

election law favor 2 party system

___________ are a fundamental aspect of civil and political engagement in a democracy

elections, campaigns and voting

whoever wins popular vote in each state gets all the states electoral vote

electoral college

The First Amendment clause that prohibits the government from passing any laws that establish an official religion is known as the________clause

establishment

The ______ clause of the First Amendment bans the state from helping religious institutions, whereas the ______ clause bans the state from restricting the free practice of religion by individuals.

establishment, free exercise

must be held with secret ballot and equal suffrage

fair

tax on all goods and services at the point of consumption, only pay it when you buy something, targeted sales tax

fair taxes

to gage the prevailing public opinion, most large campaigns do their own polling

focus groups and polling

The First Amendment protection that makes it illegal for the government to enact laws that restrict the free practice of religion by any individual is known as the ______ clause.

free exercise

businesses and individuals have freedom to pursue their own economic interests

free market economy

3 essential elements in democracy elections

free, fair, regular

election to determine which party's nominee will win the office being sought

general elections

Events or causes of action that occur within the geographical boundaries of the court's country, state or territory.

geographical jurisdiction

___________ is effected by economy and vice versa

government

The landmark case that firmly established the right to privacy is

griswold v connecticut

total amount of monetary value of all goods produced in one year

growth domestic product

chief executive of a nations government that runs the day to day business of the nations government

head of the government

In which of the following instances would a warrantless search be valid?

if there is no reasonable expectation of privacy

presidents have assumed extraordinary powers in areas of foreign and domestic policy

imperial presidency

intermediate scrutiny test

important reason

Constitutional guarantees that protect citizens, opinions, and property are known as civil

liberties

The role of the Bill of Rights is to ______ government power.

limit

district courts

lower level

The concept based on the belief that authentic discourse depends on free and unrestrained discussion of different points of view is known as the ______ of ideas.

marketplace

photo ops, sound bites, issue spinning

news management

television ads(most expensive), radio, newspaper, billboards

news management

In 2019, a report published by Freedom House noted that, worldwide, freedom of the press has been:

on the decline

primary elections in which all party ballots are available to any voter on election day, but a voter can only choose one

open primary

favored by republican presidents

original intent

judges apply values of the founders and original meaning of constitution in in 1787 and apply to today's situations

original intent

the right of a court to hear a case for the first time, collect evidence and render a verdict

original jurisdiction

pleading the fifth

person cannot be forced to contribute to their own prosecution

government attempts to balance government power and the rights of individuals

personal liberties

intersection between 2 seperate fields of study

political economy

organizations that attempt to keep or change the policy by getting their people elected as the policy-makers

political parties

organize, party platform (explain what they're for and what they're not), grow (attempt to bring in new people to their party)

political parties get people elected how?

general federal elections process

presidential campaigns

Vice president, Speaker of the House, President pro tempore

presidential succession

president of the senate and is to agree with president's views, is held as a close advisor.

vice president

Thomas Jefferson argued that the First Amendment built a ______ between church and state

wall of separation

According to the Constitution, a reasonable search is one where the police have obtained a(n)

warrant

media mentions, campaign support and money, and informal qualifications

ways to get elected

Before a warrant is issued, what must be determined?

whether probable cause exists

many parliamentary governments have proportional representation system

winner takes all electoral system

intermediate, court of appeals

13 civil courts

Which of the following amendments contribute to ensuring criminal due process

4th,5th,6th, and 8th

cruel and unusual punishment

8th amendment

What was the distinction that the Court made in granting students wearing armbands in Tinker v. Des Moines First Amendment protections but not extending those same protections to people burning draft cards in U.S. v. O'Brien?

In outlawing the burning of draft cards, the government had a legitimate purpose apart from the suppression of political expression.

Article 3 of the Constitution

Judicial Branch (least dangerous branch)

constitutional cases, cases involving federal laws and treaties

Jurisdiction of Federal Courts

natural born citizen, 35 years old, resident of U.S. for 14 years

What are the requirements to be president?

trying a person again for a crime they have been cleared of in court

What is double jeopardy?

Gun ownership creates a free and safe society, The right to personal safety versus everyone's right to be safe and secure

Which of the following arguments relate to the controversy surrounding the Second Amendment?

allowing citizens to hear competing ideas about public issues, ensuring that the government remains accountable to its citizens

Which of the following principles are important to the First Amendment freedom of the press?

Citizens must be able to share information and ideas and publicly criticize their government.

Why is freedom of speech important to the democratic process?

According to the Supreme Court, when considering the reasonableness of a search, the strictest interpretation requires which of the following?

a warrant

most issues are dualist in nature

abortion and taxes

father of political economy

adam smith

The Supreme Court's clear and present danger test, as established in the Schenck v. U.S. case,

allows authorities to silence speech when it poses a threat that the government could prevent.

what third party presidential candidate has been rising in polls

robert kennedy junior

four justices want to hear case

rule of four

A major concern with the development of new forms of data-collection technology is that they will

sacrifice citizens privacy and liberty

Citizens who support gun control laws claim that are seeking a ______ society

safer

when if ever, can the government discriminate based on race, gender, religion or other protected status

scrutiny tests

idea that judges should limit their power from the bench in favor of elected officials

self-restraint

In Mapp v. Ohio, the Supreme Court extended the exclusionary rule to ____ court proceedings

state

race, religion, creed

strict scrutiny

What are the religious clauses in the First Amendment?

the establishment and free exercise clause

Which of the following elements of the government was the Bill of Rights intended to limit?

the national legislative, executive, and judicial branches

The application of all the protections claimed in the Bill of Rights to the states is known as ____ incorporation, whereas case-by-case consideration of these protections is known as ___incorporation.

total, selective

True or false: Central to the democratic process is the freedom to speak critically about government and politics.

true

True or false: Every state allows for some form of concealed-carry protection, which allows citizens to have weapons on them or in close proximity.

true

True or false: The American gun debate stems from a disagreement about how to interpret the language of the Second Amendment.

true

True or false: The constitutional right to privacy has only relatively recently been recognized by the Supreme Court.

true

Since 1992, the Supreme Court has evaluated state abortion laws by using the ______ test

undue burden

president uses popularity to bring up members of their political party

president coattails

chief of state, chief executive, chief politician, chief diplomat, commander in chief, chief policymaker

president roles

structure of presidency has changed little overtime, function of presidency has changed a great deal over time

presidential power

election to determine a party's nominee for public office

primary elections

started with theodore roosevelt, who expanded the size and scope of presidency

rise of president centered government

Historically, in times of perceived internal and external threats, the Supreme Court has been more willing to ______ political speech

suppress

Picketing, flag burning, or wearing an armband are all examples of:

symbolic speech

imposed by governments upon taxpayers to fund government operations

taxes

What case tested the Court's commitment to protecting symbolic speech of a highly unpopular nature by asking it to evaluate an individual's conviction under state law for burning the American flag?

texas v johnson