Government Chapter 8

protest

participation that involves assembling crowds to confront a government or other official organization

What are the two types of political participation?

Traditional and online

What percent of eligible American adults typically do not vote? Select one: a. 40 percent b. 10 percent c. 20 percent d. 30 percent

a. 40 percent

______________ is the definition of individuals' being represented in government by officials of their same race, ethnicity, or gender. Select one: a. Descriptive representation b. Proportional representation c. Direct democracy d. Representative democracy

a. Descriptive representation

How are election days in the United States different from those in Europe? Select one: a. European countries typically hold their elections on Sundays or holidays. b. European countries do not allow voting by mail or any other form of absentee voting. c. Most European countries allow voting for 21 days. d. European countries typically hold their elections during the summer.

a. European countries typically hold their elections on Sundays or holidays.

Which of the following groups has been considered the sleeping giant for many years because of its relatively low levels of political mobilization? Select one: a. Latinos b. union members c. seniors d. African Americans

a. Latinos

The digital divide refers to which of the following? Select one: a. Separating citizens with Internet access from those without Internet access. b. The lack of political participation found among young Americans who regularly engage in social media. c. Differences in the use of social media by Democrats and Republicans. d. The challenges that older politicians face when trying to engage young voters online.

a. Separating citizens with Internet access from those without Internet access.

In which of the following countries is voter turnout the lowest? a. United States b. Italy c. Australia d. Sweden

a. United States

Which of the following elections is most likely to have high voter turnout? Select one: a. a competitive election with two well-funded candidates b. an election with only one well-respected candidate running c. an election with an incumbent candidate d. a one-sided election that favors a female candidate

a. a competitive election with two well-funded candidates

Which of the following political activities is most common among Americans? Select one: a. attending a local community meeting b. posting a campaign sign in one's yard c. wearing a campaign button d. volunteering for a campaign

a. attending a local community meeting

Which of the following statements about the voting rights of felons is accurate? a. some states allow felons who have served their sentence to vote, while others do not b. the recent trend is for increasingly strict restrictions on voting rights for felons c. the supreme court has ruled that convicted felons are no longer US citizens and are therefor ineligible to vote d. the supreme court has ruled that felons cannot be deprived of the constitutional right to vote once they have completed their sentences

a. some states allow felons who have served their sentence to vote, while others do not

Which of the following individuals would be most likely to vote? a. white middle-aged college graduate b. middle-aged Latina c. a young white male who is unemployed d. a high-school-educated white male

a. white middle-aged college graduate

traditional political participation

activities designed to influence government including voting and face-to-face activities such as protesting or volunteering for a campaign

online political participation

activities designed to influence government using the Internet, including visiting a candidate's website, organizing events online, or signing an online petition

In most European countries, national voter turnout is usually a. 50-70 percent b. 70-90 percent c. 40-60 percent d. 50-60 percent

b. 70-90 percent

Which of the following has shown the most promise for increasing voter turnout? Select one: a. permanent absentee ballots b. Election Day registration c. early voting d. voting by mail

b. Election Day registration

Which of the following is most important in predicting conventional political participation in American politics? Select one: a. gender b. education c. region d. race

b. education

Research suggests that political participation in the United States is Select one: a. increasing significantly because of changes in the demographics of the American electorate. b. not declining but rather changing by including norms of citizenship that are more expressive than voting. c. declining due to increases in partisan polarization among political elites.. d. declining due to the growing isolation of American communities.

b. not declining but rather changing by including norms of citizenship that are more expressive than voting.

During the 2012 presidential elections, the television's dominant role as a medium for campaigns was replaced by which of the following? Select one: a. door-to-door canvassing by party activists b. online campaigning c. radio advertising d. telephone campaigning

b. online campaigning

Nonvoters are disproportionately young, nonwhite, uneducated and Select one: a. southern. b. poor. c. urban. d. union workers.

b. poor.

Which of the following would be the least likely to improve voter turnout in the United States? a. creating greater political awareness through education b. requiring all voters to show photo identification c. easing the absentee ballot process d. making Election Day a holiday

b. requiring all voters to show photo identification

Riots and rural uprisings were relatively common in American until which of the following? a. the poll tax b. the growth of elections and other formal mechanisms of popular involvement in politics c. the adoption of referenda by state and local governmentsd. reforms that decreased the influence of the electoral college

b. the growth of elections and other formal mechanisms of popular involvement in politics

Which religious group became a significant part of the Republican Party base starting in the 1980s? a. jews b. white evangelical protestants c. muslims d. hindus

b. white evangelical protestants

Turnout in the 2008 presidential election set a modern record, with ____________ of eligible citizens voting. Select one: a. 72 percent b. 68 percent c. 62 percent d. 52 percent

c. 62 percent

Which of the following groups was deprived of the right to vote during much of the twentieth century? Select one: a. union members b. seniors c. African Americans d. rural citizens

c. African Americans

____________ offers a striking example of how new media can be used to mobilize offline participation in politics. Select one: a. The Romney campaign's use of radio and cable advertising to engage Tea Party voters in the 2012 presidential election b. The Christian Coalition's use of churches to mobilize social conservative voters c. Online protests against the proposed laws known as SOPA and PIPA d. The Obama campaign's decision to advertise significantly in college newspapers

c. Online protests against the proposed laws known as SOPA and PIPA

Ballot measures (referenda) have been found to Select one: a. decrease voter turnout among well-educated citizens. b. decrease voter turnout among Democrats. c. increase voter turnout among less educated citizens. d. increase voter turnout among older citizens.

c. increase voter turnout among less educated citizens.

Which demographic group tends to vote the most? a. people who earn less than $30,000 per year b. recent college graduate c. seniors d. those without a high school diploma.

c. seniors

Voter turnout in America is ____________ other democracies around the world. Select one: a. substantially higher than b. slightly higher than c. substantially lower than d. about the same as

c. substantially lower than

______________ refers to an individual's right to vote a. democracy b. collectivism c. suffrage d. habeas corpus

c. suffrage

National elections featurea. modestly low turnout because parties do not mobilize voters in national elections b. the same turnout rate as state and local elections c. the highest American levels of turnout because of media attention and voter familiarity with candidates d. very low turnout because elections are seldom determined by one vote

c. the highest American levels of turnout because of media attention and voter familiarity with candidates

Throughout much of American history, a common form of political participation among those denied the right to vote was: Select one: a. joining political parties. b. writing letters to their representatives. c. urban riots and rural uprisings . d. campaigning for candidates they supported.

c. urban riots and rural uprisings .

What was the effect of the Motor Voter Act in the first presidential election after it was passed? a. neither voter registration nor voter turnout rose b. voter registration did not rise, but voter turnout levels did c. voter registration rose, but voter turnout did not d. both voter registration and voter turnout rose

c. voter registration rose, but voter turnout did not

The right to vote was granted to which of the following groups in 1920? a. Asian Americans b. 18-year-olds c. women d. African Americans

c. women

Opponents of the _____________ employed both online protests and modern lobbying techniques to oppose this legislation a. Motor Voter Act b. Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act c. NAFTA Treaty d. SOPA and PIPA bills

d. SOPA and PIPA bills

Which of the following granted 18-year-olds the right to vote? a. Bill of Rights b. Twenty-Sixth Amendment c. 1965 Voting Rights Act d. Twenty-First Amendment

d. Twenty-First Amendment

Which of the following set of statements is accurate a. African Americans vote more than Latinos; Latinos vote more than African Americans b. Latinos vote more than whites; whites vote more than African Americans c. Latinos vote more than African Americans; African Americans vote more than whites d. Whites vote more than African Americans; African Americans vote more than Latinos

d. Whites vote more than African Americans; African Americans vote more than Latinos

The gender gap refers to the fact that females a. vote at higher rates than males b. vote at lower rates than males c. are more likely than males to support republican candidates d. are more likely than males to support democratic candidates

d. are more likely than males to support democratic candidates

Which of the following groups rely disproportionately on mobile phones for internet access? a. rural voters b. Republican voters c. seniors d. blacks and Latinos

d. blacks and Latinos

Which of the following factors is not significant in informing our understanding of voting in elections? Select one: a. the political environment in which elections take place b. socioeconomic status and attitudes about politics c. state electoral laws d. levels of religiosity

d. levels of religiosity

While voting rights are granted to all American citizens over the age of 18, which of the following is a legal reason for some states to revoke this right? Select one: a. status as a college student b. lack of income or property c. failure to participate in previous elections d. mentally incompetent

d. mentally incompetent

The use of digital technology in the 2008 and 2012 electionsa. suppressed the vote of minority voters b. increased turnout only among wealthy white voters c. biased turnout in favor of incumbent candidates d. mobilized new voters

d. mobilized new voters

An example of ________________ was the Occupy Wall Street movement in New York City's Financial District in September 2011. a. electoral politics b. suffrage c. voting d. protests

d. protests

Which of the following represents the broadest barrier to voting in the United States? Select one: a. restrictions preventing incarcerated individuals from voting b. photo Identification laws c. restrictions preventing felons from voting d. registration requirements

d. registration requirements

The increased use of new media in campaigns has done which of the following? Select one: a. significantly increased the cost of campaigning and candidate's reliance on corporate donors b. slightly leveled the campaign playing field by reducing candidate reliance on money from special interests and wealthy donors c. decreased the ability of candidates to attract new donors and mobilize voters d. significantly increased the ability of dark-horse and third-party candidates to reach voters

d. significantly increased the ability of dark-horse and third-party candidates to reach voters

Women and minorities in the U.S. Congress are a. significantly overrepresented compared with their percentage of the US population b. represented commensurate with their percentage of US population c. limited to representing states with majority-minority population d. significantly underrepresented compared with their percentage of the US population

d. significantly underrepresented compared with their percentage of the US population

Costs related to voting include which of the following? Select one: a. the emotional strains of supporting a candidate who fails to win the election b. membership fees for political parties c. poll taxes that state and local governments collect prior allowing individuals to vote d. the time required to become informed and cast a ballot

d. the time required to become informed and cast a ballot

socioeconomic status

status in society based on the level of education, income, and occupational prestige.

election-bay registration

the option in some sates to register on the day of the election; at the polling place, rather than in advance of the election.

early voting

the option in some states to cast a vote at a polling place or by mail before the election

permanent absentee ballots

the option in some states to have a ballot sent automatically to your home for each election, rather than having to request an absentee ballot each time

turnout

the percentage of eligible individuals who actually vote

mobilization

the process by which large numbers of people are organized for a political activity (MOST SIGNIFICANT FACTOR AFFECTING PARTICIPATION)

suffrage

the right to vote

The Latino vote is often referred to by analysts as the....

the sleeping giant