Government Exam 1

Minorities & immigrants

Religious liberty=Leverage for

Deepening mutual antipathy

Rooted in social isolation, loneliness, preying on loneliness

Jim Crow

Slang term for black person in 19th century, egregious violation

Martin Luther King Jr.

"A new founding father", dream that all men are truly created equal, "Let freedom ring"

Ignorance"

"Knowledge governs

Minority rights or public good

Enduring debate about Constitution: majority rule infringes on

In Bill of Rights

Religious liberty=First freedom because it's 1st clause

State-enforced religion

Religious liberty=First freedom because of innovative break from 13 centuries of

Michelle Alexander, The New Jim Crow

Civil Liberties crisis, "mass incarceration is the most pressing racial justice issue of our time": over 2.2 million people in prison, 4.8 million or parole, 60% African American or Hispanic, highest prisoner population in world

Slavery

1619 US, 6-11 million Africans shipped, 4 million by Civil War, 1/3 of South's population & 1/2 of SC's population, egregious violation

Mandates with strings attached, adds to complexity

1930s+, federal initiatives work through grants to States & local entities

Henry's complaints about amendments

2/3 Congress & 3/4 steps-very difficult, 1/10 will be able to block what's essential, radical revolution

Expulsion of Mexican Americans during Great Depression

400,000 were rounded up & shipped, egregious violation

Federalism

A system in which 2+ levels of government have authority over same area and people, system in which power is divided between a national government & states government

Policy experimentation

Advantage: allows for

Government decisions

Advantage: can reflect local preferences

Policy goals

Advantage: national

Citizens & government

Advantage: reduces conflict between

Incremental policy

Enduring debate about Constitution: Hard to move in normal times because of

Bipartisanship

Enduring debate about Constitution: Major policy usually requires

Political science is queen of science

Aristotle believed

Baptist Dissenters

Arrested for ministering own weddings

Abraham Lincoln

Asked how one can believe in slavery if all men are created equal; everything he believed came from Declaration of Independence, sees Civil War as punishment of suffering

Responses to globalization/global decline of democracy

Brexit, America First, National Front in France

For the benefit of the citizen and the state

Civi Et Republicae

Easier to block than enact

Enduring debate about Constitution: Multiple veto points makes it

Disenfranchisement of African Americans

Couldn't vote, serve on juries, use public facilities, egregious violation

Henry worried about lack of true republican

Creates distant national government, Senate=House of Lords

David Boren's concerns

Cynicism, distrust, level of education, large middle class=most democratic class

Contributed to massive incarceration growth

Declared war on drugs, Democrats & Republicans compete to be "tougher on crime", policing sweeps in inner cities & poor communities, mandatory sentences & no parole & no judicial flexibility, prosecutors manipulate poor with plea bargains, emphasis on punishment vs. rehabilitation in prisons: slashing educational programs, prison industrial complex: lobby against sentencing reform

Ben Sasse's Concerns

Deepening mutual antipathy, declining face to face associational life

Rise of populist strong men

Demagogic appeals, declining institutional checks on authoritarian rule, leads to global decline of democracy

Active citizenship

Democratic republic requires

Confusion, duplication

Disadvantage: Complexity,

Accountability

Disadvantage: Reduces

Government conflict

Disadvantage: can increase

Difficult

Disadvantage: makes coordination

Inequalities

Disadvantage: policy & service

Constitution

Divide and blend powers, Compromises

Frederick Douglass

Ex-slave and abolitionist, escaped from slavery, master of English language, speech: July 5th, 1852; exposed hypocrisy of Independence Day Celebrations

Witnesses Struggle For Free Exercise

Flag Salute cases, graven images, lost in 1940-Wave of harassment, court reverses itself in 1943, powerful precedent, carved space for others, allows integration of Newcomers

Arts

Government leads to

Province of states

Health care was originally?

Black Lives Matter Movement undermines police authority

Heather MacDonald's criticism of Black Lives Matter Movement?

Compromises of the Constitution

House & Senate, Slavery: deferred crisis, Federalism vs. States Rights

Unalienable rights and drew from Declaration

How did the Declaration of Independence inspire opponents of slavery and segregation, such as Abraham Lincoln, Frederick Douglass, and Martin Luther King, Jr.?

Empires are not and cannot be republic, cannot bind an empire with republican government

How does Hamilton counter Henry's charge that the Constitution is not truly republican in form?

Prevent tyranny

How does Madison think the "new science of politics" will help the American republic endure

Harness self interest in government setting & individuals to defend against encroachments

How would ambition counteracting ambition make the separation of powers really work?

Great Desideratum

How would multiplicity of factions in an extended help prevent majority tyranny?

it will govern you

If you don't run the government

Indian Removal & Trail of Tears

Indian Removal Act of 1830, Jackson-unsettle lands, Cherokee tribes were forcibly relocated, about 4,000 Cherokees died, egregious violation

Declining face to face associational life

Loss of Democratic habits and norms, echoes of Putnam & Skocpol, increase in online communications (conspiracies, disinformation, radical & angry identities)

Public school

Lots of experimentation in

Prose of Governing

Language of Constitution, practical, prosaic

Poetry of Revolution

Language of Declaration, poetic, revolutionary, rhetoric

Growing economic inequality

Leads to global decline of democracy

Henry worrying about Constitution threatening liberties

Liberties rendered insecure, violate states' rights, permanent armed forces-detrimental to state militias, consolidated government that can tax, tyranny, supreme court will overturn state courts

Inter-religious amity

Religious liberty=First freedom because it shaped

Mary Dyer

Martyr for right to practice own faith

Learn about a variety of things and interact with other citizens and/or cultures

Meaning of OU's motto & mission

Spirit of 1787

More "republican", wanted the best to govern, indirect selection of Senate, President, and Judiciary, only House directly elected, less radical, checks, indirect consent, stability, order, and slow change

Ex-felons disenfranchised

New Segregation (In prison & out), political disenfranchisement (millions lose vote), legalized discrimination in housing/employment, government benefits for entire lives, powerful social control

Forged in Crucible of Persecution

Religious liberty=First freedom because it's

Disenfranchisement of freed slaves

Organized terrorism: Jim Crow, lynching, KKK, Tulsa Race Riot, economic oppression, egregious violation

Elements of global crisis of democracy

Polarization, cynicism, declining middle class, loss of faith in institutions, ignorance, truth decay

Representation distortion

Reality-populations=2 senators

Spirit of 1776

Rebellion, liberty, and solidarity, optimistic, faith in people, democratic, egalitarian, push for greater equality, reduced office qualifications

Thriving Civil Society

Religious liberty=First freedom because it propelled

Roger Williams (1640)

Soul Freedom is for everyone, banished from Massachusetts

Laboratories of government

States are

Natasha Hearn (12)

Suspended for wearing a hijab, represented by evangelical legal advocacy groups, changed their minds, EVERYBODY WINS!

Vigilance required

Term by Patrick Henry about why we need civil liberties protections

Weakening state capacity

Undermining of democratic legitimacy, loss of faith in democracy, leads to global decline of democracy

Globalization

Undermining of national autonomy, working class crisis, clashes of identity and culture, leads to global decline of democracy

Preserve liberty, against tyranny, has prosperity & security, restrains vanity, necessary to liberties, firm government enforces law

What are the reasons Hamilton offers for a stronger, more energetic national government?

Despotism & anarchy

What are the twin perils that we're avoiding with multiplicity of factions?

Can't raise revenue, can't defend borders, state insurrections

What are the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation, according to Hamilton?

Temperate & reasonable majorities

What are we cultivating with multiplicity of factions?

Instability & faction

What are we preserving our republics from with multiplicity of factions?

Majority tyranny

What are we preventing with multiplicity of factions?

Art

What do we learn out of self-government?

Civi Et Republicae

What is OU's motto and mission?

Self-interest & ambition

What is for the good of people in multiplicity of factions?

Drinking age

What is highway funding linked to?

Cynicism

When they demonize each other

Governors

Who are great resources?

The state

Who can tax, fine, jail, and draft you?

Elizabeth Cady Stanton

Who led the movement at Seneca Falls

Wouldn't be able to ratify without Antifederalists

Why did Madison agree to a Bill of Rights (which included religious freedom)

Governing is the art of compromise (CT Compromise)

Why did Madison agree to the violation of proportional representation in the Senate?

Size of states-Representation (VA Plan)

Why did Madison fight for proportional representation

Defending rights, committed liberties

Why did Madison think the scheme of government would protect liberties

So governments can't abuse people's liberties

Why do citizens need civil liberties protections?

We appreciate fellow citizens and live more fruitful and satisfying lives

Why is it important to participate as citizens and leaders?

Bill of Rights

Why we need civil liberties protections

Emphasize equal rights, independence, and freedom

Why would women's rights advocates also use the Declaration of Independence?

Declaration of 1848

Women's rights declaration at Seneca Falls

OU Professor John Carl

Works in prisons & has a hands on experience, argues that race is not the whole picture, crime in itself needs a different view, "we criminalize people who scare us", cyclical process, tools we can use to break the cycle

Internment of Japanese Americans

Worried after Pearl Harbor, Roosevelt forced them into interment camps, sold homes & possessions, many not welcome in own hometowns after order was repealed & war was over, egregious violation