Government Unit 5

(Q3) Which statement is NOT a challenge facing Social Security?

Citizens are demanding that the program be privatized.

(Q1) Congress may use the ______ Clause to regulate domestic and international trade.

Commerce

(PT) _____ is a system in which the government controls all factors of production and redistributes all produced services and goods.

Communism

(Q2) ______ is an economic system in which the ruling party collects and redistributes all produced goods and services.

Communism

(L4) What would be the best title for the above diagram? (A political party/Economic policies implemented through direct control of the economy/State owns most factors of production)

Communism: State Distribution and Ownership

(Q1) _____ powers are shared by the national and state governments.

Concurrent

(Q2) _______ spending occurs when more money is spent than is brought in by revenue.

Deficit

(L5) The ____ is the U.S. government's central bank that oversees the country's money supply.

Federal Reserve

(L1) What would be the best title for the above diagram?

Federalism: Determining the Roles of State and National Sovereignty

(PT) ______ policy is the government's use of spending and taxing to regulate economic activity.

Fiscal

(L2) Match the powers with the entities. Answers will be used more than once. concurrent power exclusive to state government exclusive to state government exclusive to national government concurrent power exclusive to national government concurrent power concurrent power exclusive to state government

Match the powers with the entities. Answers will be used more than once. build roads establish local governments issue licenses establish an army and navy collect taxes make treaties and conduct foreign policy establish courts spend money for the general welfare regulate intrastate trade

(L2) Place the state courts in their hierarchical order, beginning with the highest court. Some answers may be used more than once.

1: supreme court 2: appellate courts 3: trial courts 4: municipal courts 5: magistrate courts or justice of the peace 6: magistrate courts or justice of the peace

(L3) Compare and contrast a regressive tax and a progressive tax.

AMV/My Answer: A regressive tax is assessed at the same rate to everyone. It does not consider one's ability to pay. A progressive tax is based on one's ability to pay. An income tax is progressive because the higher one's income is, the higher one's tax rate.

(L5) What are the positive aspects of Keynesian economics?

AMV/My Answer: Government could manage an economy either bordering on or struggling with a recession by spending enough money to raise the demand for goods and services. Keynes argued that this was wise policy even if the government had to borrow money and run a budget deficit. According to this theory, businesses would respond to the stimulus by hiring more people. The new workers, now with the confidence to make purchases, would push demand for goods and services even further while paying taxes.

(PT) ______ laws promote competition by making monopolies illegal.

Antitrust

(Q2) ______ laws break up monopolies and promote competition.

Antitrust

(L2) Which parts of the Constitution provide for state governments?

Article VI the Tenth Amendment

(L3) Which statement best describes the structure of county government?

Authority is divided among a number of elected officials and boards acting independently of each other.

(L4) Select TWO reasons why the U.S. federal government originally involved itself in the free market.

Businesses formed monopolies. Large corporations fixed prices.

(PT) _____ allows property ownership and the right to take a risk in order to earn a profit.

Capitalism

(Q2) _____ is another name for free enterprise, the system that allows ownership of property and the right to take a risk in hopes of a profit.

Capitalism

(Q1) Match the sentences with the words. A(n) (1.) __________ tax is one that is based on one's ability to pay. Appointed or elected, members of the (2.) __________ consider civil cases, small claims, probate, and misdemeanors. The (3.) __________ allows a governor to reject specific portions of a bill. The (4.) __________ may veto legislation, oversee the state police and National Guard, call a special session of the legislature, commute sentences, and offer parole. Local governments depend on revenue mostly from sales tax and (5.) __________. A(n) (6.) __________ tax charges everyone the same, regardless of ability to pay.The members of the (7.) __________ represent equal portions of the population in making laws, confirming appointments, and removing officials through the impeachment process. State governments depend on revenue mostly from sales tax and (8.) __________

Match the sentences with the words. (1.) progressive (2.) state judicial branch (3.) line-item veto (4.) state executive branch (5.) property tax (6.) regressive (7.) state legislative branch (8.) income tax

(PT) Match the statements with the clauses and powers. concurrent Spending Clause reserved Necessary and Proper Clause preemption Supremacy Clause

Match the statements with the clauses and powers. The national and state governments share power. Congress may provide for the general welfare of the nation through taxation to fund services and benefits. This power is limited to the states. Congress has the authority to make any laws it needs in order to exercise its power, even if it limits the powers of states. The federal government can impose its authority on the states by taking action first in matters related to the national government. State laws must be in accordance with the U.S. Constitution.

(L2) Match the words with the descriptions. initiative advisory referendum line-item veto appellate court police power exclusive powers recall concurrent powers reserved powers

Match the words with the descriptions. a process whereby voters may petition for a law or amendment to be placed on the ballot a nonbinding question that is put on the ballot to see what voters think of it power of the governor to reject portions of a bill while retaining the other portions hierarchically located between the trial court and the state supreme court power to protect and promote the public health, safety, and welfare granted solely either to the national government or the states a political device by which voters may remove a public official from office shared powers not given to the national government, but kept by the states

(L4) Match the words with the descriptions. laissez-faire capitalism mixed economy socialism planned economy communism market economy command economy nationalization

Match the words with the descriptions. an economic system with little or no involvement by the government economic system where individual may own private property and take a risk in order to make a profit an economic system in which private industry and the government both have a role an economic system that focuses on economic equality through public ownership of property and resources state-directed economy a state-controlled economic system and ruling political party in which all products and services are collected and redistributed by government agencies another name for capitalism or free enterprise the economy of socialism and communism the socialist government takeover of a private industry for public use

(L8) Match the words with the descriptions. détente bureaucracy making decisions isolationism Truman Doctrine military globalization Monroe Doctrine foreign policy Marshall Plan

Match the words with the descriptions.check a foreign policy that is based on forming cordial relationships another name for the federal agencies that assist the President in making decisions a foreign policy under which the United States avoided disputes and entanglements with other nations a foreign policy that was meant to contain the spread of communism a foreign policy that justifies the use of military force around the world to defend political and economic interests a foreign policy that supported isolationism but would not allow U.S. interests in the Western Hemisphere to be challenged a plan to ensure the protection and security of a nation a foreign policy under which the United States helped rebuild and strengthen the Western European economy after World War II

(Q3) States and the federal government jointly fund the ______ program serving low-income adults and children.

Medicaid

(PT) _______ is the process of a government taking over a private industry for public use.

Nationalization

(Q2) ______ occurs when a government takes over a private industry for public use.

Nationalization

(L9) ______ encourage(s) invention and innovation by ensuring that inventors can benefit from their ideas without others stealing them.

Patent laws

(L7) Select THREE reasons why Social Security requires a significant portion of the federal budget.

Payments for Social Security benefits increase because of inflation. Seniors are living longer and must be covered longer. Interest groups are influential in expanding benefits such as Medicare Part D.

(L6) The budgetary process begins with budget requests coming from the ____.

President

(L7) Which answer is NOT a solution that has been proposed to restructure the Social Security system?

Replace it with a system that provides government housing and medical benefits rather than cash payments.

(L2) What did the 1964 Reynolds v. Sims ruling decide?

Representation in legislatures should be based on equal population.

(Q1) The _____ Clause allows Congress to create revenue through taxation and provide for the general welfare of the nation.

Spending

(Q3) The democratic society of _______ is an important U.S. ally in the Eastern Hemisphere.

Taiwan

(L5) Select THREE reasons why a state-chartered bank would want to be a member of the Federal Reserve System.

The Fed clears checks for the member banks. The Fed offers lower interest rates on borrowed money to member banks. The Fed supplies money to member banks.

(PT) ____ uses monetary policy to control the flow of money in the economy.

The Federal Reserve

(L4) Give TWO reasons a developing country might choose socialism as its economic system.

The government can channel profits to meet economic needs that would be considered unprofitable under capitalism. It provides a solution to deal with struggling industries while ostensibly increasing national employment and profit.

(L4) How do antitrust laws protect the free market?

They break up monopolies. They promote competition.

(Q1) How may states challenge the federal government?

They may elect sympathetic congressmen or challenge federal decisions in court.

(L7) Which federal act does not impact domestic policy?

War Powers Act (1973)

(L2) Select THREE ways to amend state constitutions.

by referendum by a voter-instigated initiative by constitutional conventions

(Q1) The ____ form of municipal government blends legislative and executive power into a single body.

city-commission

(PT) The ____ is the blending of executive and legislative power into one body.

city-commission form of government

(Q2) Socialism and communism are examples of _____ economies.

command

(L4) What are the three basic economic systems?

communism socialism capitalism

(L4) Select TWO examples of indirect controls that can place pressure on the market to produce specific goods and services.

controlling the allocation of labor and resources setting prices for products and supplies

(Q1) In a ____ form of municipal government, the council is a policymaking body while the city manager handles administrative duties.

council-manager

Responsibility that is divided between a number of boards and elected officials acting independently of one another is a characteristic of ____ governments.

county

(L9) List two important creations resulting from the National Academy of Sciences.

creation of the U.S. Forest Service creation of the U.S. Geological Survey

(Q2) Planned government spending exceeding revenue creates a ___.

deficit budget

(PT) The ______ rate is what the Federal Reserve charges member banks to borrow money.

discount

(Q2) If the Federal Reserve Board increases the ______, it will discourage more borrowing.

discount rate

(Q2) The ____ is the interest rate that the Fed charges its member banks to borrow money.

discount rate

(Q2) The gross ______ product measures a country's production and standard of living.

domestic

(Q3) The Americans with Disabilities Act is an example of _____ policy.

domestic

(PT) A governor may reject portions of a bill by using a(n) ______ veto.

line-item

(Q1) State governments have a unitary form in which ____.

local governments owe their existence to the state, which also grants them their powers

(Q3) What is the goal of domestic policies?

maintain or improve the quality of the lives of citizens

(Q3) Which issue is not a major challenge to U.S. foreign policy in the 21st century?

maintaining a policy of isolation

(Q1) Which power does NOT belong to the states?

make treaties with other countries

(Q1) A chief executive leads this most popular form of municipal government.

mayor-council form of government

(Q2) The reserve ratio is lowered so that consumers will spend more to stimulate the economy is an example of ____.

monetary policy

(Q2) In a(n) ______ economic system, the state directs all economic activity.

planned

(Q1) Congress may use _____ to take over state activities that relate to the national government.

preemption

(PT) One's ability to pay determines how much one pays under a(n) _____ tax rate.

progressive

(L3) Select two reasons why municipal bonds can be a sound investment.

secure from default tax-free interest

(L6) How does the federal government get money whenever it needs to borrow money?

selling federal securities, such as treasury bills and bonds

(L7) Who will most likely gain benefits from domestic policies?

seniors, because they are a voting bloc

(L6) What is pork-barrel spending?

spending attached to a bill by a lawmaker that will benefit and gain the favor of one's constituents

(PT) The _____ supreme court has the highest authority.

state

(L1) Throughout the history of the United States, there has always been a conflict between which two sovereignties?

state rights national rights

(Q1) Which state court has the highest authority?

state supreme court

(L3) Select THREE non-tax sources of revenue for state and local governments.

state-operated utility companies toll roads and ferries federal government grants

(L7) Constitutionally, who is responsible for providing public education?

states

(PT) Constitutionally, the ____ is/are responsible for public education.

states

(L8) Select THREE major issues on which 21st-century U.S. foreign policies center.

terrorism world trade environmental concerns

(L9) What was the first program of scientific research and development to be implemented by the U.S. government?

the National Academy of Sciences

(Q2) Who first prepares and presents an annual budget for the U.S. government?

the President

(L3) By what authority do local governments exist?

the state constitution and government

(Q3) Who is responsible for public education according to the Constitution?

the states

(L6) What is the biggest barrier to cutting government spending?

the two-thirds of the budget that is mandatory spending and requires a change in law to cut

(Q2) Why did the federal government begin involving itself in the free market?

to break up monopolies and regulate corporations that were fixing prices

(L4) Place a check mark by all answers that represent capitalism.

freedom of choice right to own property competition right to risk capital and enjoy profit if successful

(L2) Much of a state's actual business is conducted by ____.

joint committees

(PT) Government involvement in the economy is minimal under a(n) ______ system.

laissez-faire

(Q1) What would be the best title for the diagram?

Hierarchy of the Appeals Process from state courts to the Supreme Court

(Q2) The government raises taxes to slow the economy down is an example of ___.

fiscal policy

(Q2) Surplus and deficit spending are ways of influencing the state of the economy and are examples of ____.

fiscal policy

(Q2) The federal government increases its spending to stimulate the economy is an example of ____.

fiscal policy

(L3) Select the two taxes that states primarily depend upon for revenue.

income tax sales tax

(PT) Which of these actions can the Federal Reserve do to discourage borrowing?

increase the discount rate

(L5) What are TWO results of government spending according to the fiscal policy theory?

increases consumer confidence to make purchases stimulates the economy by placing money into the economy

(PT) Citizens may use a(n) ____ to bypass their legislature in order to get an amendment on the ballot.

initiative

(Q1) The _____ process allows citizens to bypass their legislature to get an amendment on the ballot.

initiative

(L8) Select TWO reasons why Israel is an important U.S. ally.

The United States and Israel share information and technology to meet security threats. It is the lone democracy in the Middle East and a bulwark against radical forces.

(Q2) Why would a state-chartered bank want to be a member of the Federal Reserve System?

The bank will be able to borrow money from the Fed at a lower interest rate.

(Q2) The economic theories of John Maynard Keynes state that the best way to deal with or avoid a recession is to ____.

have the government stimulate the economy with spending, even if it incurs deficit spending

(L3) People are better represented at the ____ level of government because citizens are more closely connected.

local

(L9) What was the main purpose for the establishment of the National Academy of Sciences?

to tackle scientific questions, conduct experiments, and report a recommendation to the government

(L5) What are the criticisms of Keynesian economics?

AMV/My Answer: If low demand could cause a recession, so could too much demand. Too much fiscal stimulation could result in consumers purchasing more goods than are available, driving prices to a level at which people can no longer afford basic goods. In turn, businesses would lose money and have to lay off workers.

(L4) What is the main difference between a market and a command economy?

AMV/My Answer: In a Market Economy, people are free to have public or private ownership, that is not controlled and regulated by the government. In a Command Economy government controls and takes over public ownerships, leaving few private ownerships.

(L6) Why is it so difficult to get lawmakers to cut mandatory spending items such as social entitlement programs?

AMV/My Answer: To balance the budget (from mandatory spending) would require major cuts to entitlement programs such as Medicare, Medicaid, veterans' benefits, and Social Security. Such action would be devastating for many Americans, as such programs are considered mandatory spending for a reason. The President and other lawmakers would be required to put principle before personal ambition as the cuts would prove unpopular to many voters.

(L4) Does the United States have a laissez-faire economic system? Explain your answer.

AMV/My Answer: Yes; the United States has a mixed free enterprise economy where government seeks to limit the human failings of capitalists through regulations. Government regulations impose restrictions on how food may be packaged, transported, and prepared in order to protect the general welfare.

(L5) Choose whether these descriptions go with Monetary policy or Fiscal policy. Monetary Monetary Fiscal Fiscal Fiscal Monetary Fiscal

Choose whether these descriptions go with Monetary policy or Fiscal policy. controlling supply of money changing the discount rate that the Federal Reserve charges for money borrowed by member banks creating a demand for goods and services raising taxes to slow the economy down basing the economy on surplus or deficit spending lowering the reserve ratio to encourage more lending of money spending more than the government takes in

(L1) Select TWO ways states can influence the national government.

Congressmen may be swayed by constituents to support specific state requests. State and local governments can go to court to challenge the constitutionality of the national government's actions.

(Q2) Which answer is NOT part of the Federal Reserve?

Council of Monetary Policy

(Q2) Which statement is NOT a reason why it is difficult to curtail mandatory spending?

Cuts to mandatory spending require an additional review by the Supreme Court.

(Q3) ______ is a policy of building cordial and personal relationships.

Détente

(PT) The ____ Supreme Court ruling clarified Congress' control over interstate trade by ruling that Congress could limit states' rights to tax navigation between states.

Gibbons v. Ogden

(Q1) _____ powers are held only by one level of government.

Exclusive

(L5) What would be the best title for the diagram? (How much will the government spend?/How will the government finance goods and services it provides for its citizens?)

Fiscal Policy: Managing Through Spending

(PT) U.S. ally ____ is the only democracy in the Middle East and a partner in fighting national security threats.

Israel

(Q3) ______ is the lone democracy in the Middle East and assists the United States in meeting security threats.

Israel

(L1) Select THREE ways that the Commerce Clause has been used to extend federal powers.

It allows Congress to make laws necessary for executing its policies. The Commerce Clause gives Congress the latitude to regulate noninterstate matters. The Commerce Clause gives Congress unlimited power in determining what activities might disrupt economic conditions in the nation.

(L5) Select TWO ways the Federal Reserve's monetary policy can affect the economy.

It buys or sells treasury securities to raise money. It provides banks with more money to lend by changing the reserve ratio.

(L8) Select TWO reasons why Taiwan is an important U.S. ally.

It is a democracy. It is an important trading partner.

(L6) Select TWO facts about gross domestic product (GDP).

It is a measure of the overall production within the country. It is a measure that correlates with the overall standard of living.

(L8) Select TWO reasons why the Middle East is vital to the United States.

It is an important source of oil. It occupies a strategic geographical location where three continents meet.

(L6) What does it mean if the federal government is operating a deficit budget?

It is spending more than it takes in through revenue.

(Q2) Why do some people oppose the line-item veto?

It may give the President too much power to advance an agenda.

(L5) If the Federal Reserve Board increases the discount rate, what effect will the higher discount rate have on the economy?

It will slow down the economy by making it more expensive to borrow money.

(L6) Select TWO reasons some people oppose the line-item veto.

It would increase tension between the President and lawmakers. It gives the President too much power to push an agenda.

(Q2) What is a major criticism of Keynesian economic theory?

Its use of artificial controls to regulate the economy in the short term might lead to even larger problems at a later time.

(L5) U.S. fiscal policy is based on the economic theory of ____ stating that the best way to avoid a recession is to stimulate the economy with government spending.

John Maynard Keynes

(Q2) ____ is an economic system with little or no involvement by the government.

Laissez-faire

(L1) Match the Supreme Court cases with the descriptions. South Dakota v. Dole Morrison v. United States Gibbons v. Ogden Katzenbach v. McClung

Match the Supreme Court cases with the descriptions. expanded federal power by requiring state compliance with federal law to receive federal aid limited federal government's right to resolve a state criminal case limited states' rights to tax navigation between states expanded federal regulation of segregation and discrimination

(L6) Match the budget categories with the types of spending. Answers will be used more than once. mandatory spending mandatory spending discretionary spending mandatory spending discretionary spending discretionary spending mandatory spending discretionary spending

Match the budget categories with the types of spending. Answers will be used more than once. Social Security veterans' benefits education Medicare highway and bridge construction national defense entitlement programs foreign aid

(L1) Match the constitutional powers with the descriptions. Commerce Clause Necessary and Proper Clause judicial review preemption Supremacy Clause Spending Clause Full Faith and Credit Clause

Match the constitutional powers with the descriptions. gives Congress the power to regulate domestic and foreign trade, which limits the states' regulation gives Congress authority to make laws needed to execute its powers, which may limit the states' power authority to examine the constitutionality of the other branches of government and their actions authority of the federal government to take over activities from the state in areas related to the national government makes the Constitution the highest law of the land and subordinates state law gives Congress the authority to tax and provide for the general welfare of the nation makes states respect the acts, records, and judicial proceedings of other states

(L7) Match the definitions with the terms. domestic implement privatization advocate inflation

Match the definitions with the terms. pertaining to one's own country to put into effect to change from public or government ownership to private ownership one who intercedes for another a rise in prices due to an increase in the volume of money; causes a loss in buying power

(L8) Match the descriptions with the U.S. foreign policy goals. maintain national security support democracy promote world peace provide aid establish open trade

Match the descriptions with the U.S. foreign policy goals. protect life and property protect democracy at home and democratic nations around the world maintain peace in the world through diplomacy, and when necessary, threat of force backed by a strong military share knowledge and goods with other nations so that they too can enjoy the "Blessings of Liberty" grant producers access to new markets and consumers to new and competitively priced goods

(L9) Match the descriptions with the global organizations and agreements. Group of 8 (G8) United Nations (UN) Antarctic Treaty International Monetary Fund (IMF) N. Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) N. American Free Trade Agree. (NAFTA) World Trade Organization (WTO) Kyoto Protocol International Court of Justice (World Court)

Match the descriptions with the global organizations and agreements. a small group of large industrialized nations that meet to discuss matters of mutual interest, such as security and the global economy provides a forum for nations, promotes economic growth and human rights, and provides health services and education set aside land as a scientific preserve free of military activity and national territory claims pursues the goals of securing financial stability, promoting international trade, and reducing poverty counts 29 members and is part of a continuing political and military alliance that prefers diplomatic solutions to military force seeks to eliminate barriers to finance and trade between Mexico, Canada, and the United States facilitates international trade and resolves trade disputes between members a multilateral agreement to reduce greenhouse emissions offers legal advice to UN entities and settles legal disputes between member states

(Q2) Match the descriptions with the words. Social Security pork barrel fiscal policy treasury bills and bonds monetary policy national defense

Match the descriptions with the words. a budget item that is an example of mandatory spending spending added to appropriation bills to benefit and seek the favor of a lawmaker's constituents the national government's use of taxes and spending to regulate economic activity how the U.S. government pays for deficit spending the Federal Reserve's control of the flow of money to regulate economic activity a budget category that is an example of discretionary spending

(Q3) Match the foreign policies with the descriptions. (20/100) military globalization contain the spread Marshall Plan Monroe Doctrine Truman Doctrine

Match the foreign policies with the descriptions. a foreign policy that supported a position of isolationism, but would not allow the interests of the United States and the Western Hemisphere to be challenged a foreign policy intended to contain the spread of communism a foreign policy that strengthened the Western European economy after World War II a foreign policy that avoided disputes and entanglements with other countries a foreign policy that used military force to defend the nation's interests

(PT) Match the foreign policies, program, and agency with the descriptions. State Department Marshall Plan Medicaid Truman Doctrine détente Monroe Doctrine isolationism

Match the foreign policies, program, and agency with the descriptions. provides foreign ministers to other countries and protects Americans overseas foreign policy of rebuilding Europe after World War II to prevent encroachment of communism program funded and administered by states to provide healthcare for impoverished children and adults foreign policy that sought to contain the spread of communism foreign policy emphasising building cordial relationships with other nations foreign policy standing against European involvement in countries in South and Central America foreign policy of the United States from its founding until the mid-20th century

(L8) Match the national government officers and agencies with the foreign policy roles. the President the Pentagon the Central Intelligence Agency the State Department the National Security Council Congress the National Reconnaissance Office

Match the national government officers and agencies with the foreign policy roles. Commander in Chief and Chief Diplomat; makes appointments to federal agencies dealing with foreign policy defends the United States against foreign threats provides security intelligence to senior U.S. policymakers serves as foreign ministers around the world and protects U.S. citizens abroad advises and assists the President concerning matters of national security is meant to "provide for the common Defence," "regulate Commerce with foreign Nations," "define and punish Piracies and Felonies committed on the high Seas," "declare war," and "raise and support Armies"check oversees spy satellites

(Q3) Match the organizations with the descriptions. Group of 8 (G8) State Department Congress United Nations National Academy of Sciences National Security Council

Match the organizations with the descriptions. Large nations meet once a year to discuss important issues of the global economy and security. It protects U.S. citizens abroad and provides foreign ministers to other countries. Its foreign policy responsibilities include declaring war, regulating commerce with other nations, and providing for defense. Nations meet to resolve issues, promote human rights and economic development, and plan for health education and services. It engages in scientific research and makes recommendations to the government. It assists and advises the President concerning national security policy. It resolves disputes between members regarding international trade.

(L2) Match the powers with the branches of state governments. Answers will be used more than once. executive branch legislative branch judicial branch executive branch executive branch legislative branch executive branch executive branch

Match the powers with the branches of state governments. Answers will be used more than once. commute the sentences of, or parole, criminals police power to protect and promote the public's health, safety, morals, and welfare includes justice of the peace, magistrates, judges, and supreme court justices propose the state budget executive authority is delegated among elected officers remove executive officers or judges through the impeachment process oversee the state police and the National Guard line-item veto power

(L2) Match the powers with the branches of state governments. Answers will be used more than once. executive branch legislative branch judicial branch executive branch executive branch judicial branch executive branch legislative branch

Match the powers with the branches of state governments. Answers will be used more than once. shapes public opinion to support favored policy agenda confirms appointments for office and appoints some executive officeholders may be appointed by the governor, chosen by the legislature, or elected by the voters powers of appointment and removal responsibility to faithfully execute the laws consider civil cases, misdemeanors, small claims, and probate problems; refers cases with federal questions to the U.S. Supreme Court call a special session of the legislature branch whose members represent equal segments of the population

(Q1) Match the statements with the Supreme Court cases. Reynolds v. Sims South Dakota v. Dole Katzenbach v. McClung Gibbons v. Ogden Morrison v. United States

Match the statements with the Supreme Court cases. The Court ruled that representation in legislatures should be based on population. The ruling affirmed that the federal government could require states to comply with federal law in order to receive federal aid. The Court ruling helped reduce racial discrimination by stating that Congress had authority to regulate any restaurant that served food that had crossed state lines. The decision affirmed Congress' control over interstate trade by limiting states' rights to tax navigation between states. The Court's decision in a sexual assault case limited the federal government's right to resolve a state criminal case.

(L3) Match the types of governments with the descriptions. mayor-council form of government commissioners or board of supervisors council-manager form of government city-commission form of government

Match the types of governments with the descriptions. most popular form of government; has a chief executive that may be either weak or strong supervises and manages county property and finances and regulates businesses in unincorporated areas government type in which city manager handles all administrative business; has council that serves as a policymaking body blends legislative and executive functions into one body

(Q3) What is the best title for the above diagram?

Medicaid: Healthcare for Those in Need

(PT) ______ provides medical care benefits for senior adults.

Medicare

(Q3) _______ is a federal program providing medical care for senior adults.

Medicare

(L7) What are TWO differences between Medicaid and Medicare?

Medicare is funded by the federal government; Medicaid is funded by both states and the federal government. Medicaid serves low-income adults and children, immigrant residents, and individuals who have certain disabilities; Medicare is available to people 65 years of age and older.

(Q1) The _____ and Proper Clause grants Congress authority to make laws to execute its power, though such laws might limit state powers.

Necessary

(PT) ______ spending is added to appropriation bills by lawmakers who want to please their constituents.

Pork-barrel

(PT) ______ is challenged by increasing benefits due to longevity, inflation, and politicians who hesitate to change the system.

Social Security

(L7) Which of the following titles would be the best title for the above diagram?

Social Security: Future Challenges

(Q2) _____ is an economic system that focuses on equality through public ownership of industry.

Socialism

(L2) Select TWO reasons state constitutions are less stable than the U.S. Constitution.

State constitutions are more easily changed. State constitutions deal with details regarding the day-to-day relationships between government and its people.

(Q1) The ______ Clause subordinates state law to the U.S. Constitution.

Supremacy

(L3) Which part of the Constitution grants states authority to create local governments?

Tenth Amendment

(L1) Select THREE reasons why the Spending (General Welfare) Clause is controversial.

There is the question of whether Congress has restrictions on its taxing and spending. There is a question as to whether Congress uses general welfare as a means of limiting states' rights. There is the question of what exactly is meant by "general welfare."

(Q1) Which statement is NOT a reason why the Spending Clause is controversial?

There is the question of whether Congress or the President should authorize spending.

(L5) What are the FOUR parts of the Federal Reserve?

Twelve regional banks keep a reserve balance, make loans, supply money, and collect and clear checks of member institutions. The Board of Governors includes seven members who serve 14-year nonrenewable terms. The commercial banks are members of the Federal Reserve System. The Federal Open Market Committee oversees open market operations.

(L6) Select THREE reform proposals for improving the federal budget process.

granting the President the power of the line-item veto balanced budget amendment replacing the progressive tax system with a flat tax

(PT) The ____ measures a country's standard of living and production.

gross domestic product

(L6) After spending legislation has been approved, Congress then ____ money to pay for the program.

appropriates

(L6) Congress must pass a(n) ____ for taxing and spending.

appropriation bill

(L9) Which factor does NOT determine what scientific advancements will prevail?

development expense and timeline

(Q2) Which tool has NOT been suggested as a way to fight wasteful government spending?

fiscal policy

(PT) Maintaining national security, supporting democracy, and promoting world peace are three goals of U.S. _______ policy.

foreign

(Q3) What does the bulleted list describe? • promote world peace • provide aid • support democracy • maintain national security • establish open trade

goals of U.S. foreign policy

(Q2) The Federal Reserve System raises the discount rate to slow down the economy is an example of ____.

monetary policy

(Q3) To change from government ownership to private is ______.

privatization

(PT) Local governments get most of their revenue from sales and _____ taxes.

property

(L3) What is the primary function of a municipality?

provides services to its residents

(Q1) Voters may use a(n) _____ to remove public officials from office.

recall

(PT) A(n) ______ tax requires the same of every taxpayer regardless of income or ability to pay.

regressive

(Q1) The states retain _____ powers that are not expressly given to the national government.

reserved

(L5) Select THREE actions that describe a federal fiscal policy.

runs a budgetary deficit spends money to raise demand for goods and services cuts spending or raises taxes to slow economic activity

(PT) State governments get most of their revenue from income and ______ tax.

sales

(L3) Select the two taxes that local governments primarily depend upon for their revenue.

sales tax property tax

(L3) Choose THREE forms of local government.

school districts municipality county

(PT) According to the economic theories of John Maynard Keynes, the best way to avoid or lessen the impact of a recession is to ____.

stimulate the national economy with government spending

(L9) Select TWO ways research and development are important to a nation.

to increase the standard of living to create new industries, businesses, and jobs

(L7) All U.S. domestic policies have one common goal. What is that goal?

to maintain and improve quality of life

(L3) State governments have a _____ form of government in which local power is only that which is delegated from the state.

unitary

(PT) States have a ______ form of government in which local governments have their only powers granted to them by the states.

unitary

(L3) Select THREE other names for a municipality.

village town city