GOVT 2305 Quiz: Chapter 14

Which of the following statements about trust and the press is accurate

People say that the news sources they use, as opposed to the news in general, are more likely than not to get things right

The Watergate scandal broke and Richard Nixon was forced to resign largely due to which of the following

The Senate investigation spurred by the "leaks" of "Deep Throat," later revealed to be the FBI bureaucrat Mark Felt

How has the importance of making profits affected the news media

News outlets do everything they can to attract and keep an audience

By the end of the 1960s, households with televisions outnumbered those with

indoor plumbing

The rivalry between Joseph Pulitzer and William Randolph Hearst led to

innovations in publishing that created the modern mass circulation newspaper

The medium of Internet communication

is conducive to the flourishing of a prisoner's dilemma between reporters and government officials

Shortly after his inauguration, when Franklin Roosevelt went on air nationwide to announce a brief "bank holiday" or bank closing

it marked the first of over thirty "fireside chats."

Sensationalization involves

making sure that the audience gets what it wants so it will tune in and come back

The two technological innovations of the adaptation of steam power to printing and the development of faster and more reliable cylinder presses meant that publishers could sell their papers more cheaply

so publishers could increase their reading audience, and thus break away from party sponsorship

How have the courts played a vital role in protecting the media under the First Amendment

By limiting government efforts to exercise prior restraint and limiting the press's exposure to libel and slander laws

Formidable publishing barons such as Hearst and Pulitzer disappeared after which of the following occurrences

Commercial radio took away their monopoly on the news

What did the Spanish-American War in 1898 reveal about American newspapers

It was the most vivid demonstration of the medium's willingness to use its power

How was the union of press and party politics fully realized during Andrew Jackson's administration

Many of his closest advisers were seasoned journalists, and he appointed numerous editors to patronage positions, such as postmasters or customs agents

Today, approximately what percentage television households subscribe to cable or to satellite services

90

Which of the following criteria is not typically employed when the media decide whether or not to include a story in the newspaper or broadcast

Foreign or domestic policy

What have presidents found that generates positive news coverage

Foreign travel and visits to disaster sites

The news media

are the organizations that gather, package, and transmit the news through some proprietary technology

Walter Lippman's view of the press was

providing the information a good citizen needed to know to function in a democracy

Who were the real principals of newspaper publishers

The politicians who recruited and financed them

What role does the press play in helping citizens monitor their elected leaders

The press ferrets out incompetence and malfeasance when challengers fail to perform due diligence

What played an important role contributing to the growth of television

The rapid development of a broadcast infrastructure

What have technological changes done to the "fairness doctrine"

The rapid spread of broadband Internet as an alternative, wide-open source of political expression has made the fairness doctrine moot

What was the main source of high unit costs for delivering the news in colonial times

The time-consuming, labor-intensive printing process

During the early days of the republic, newspapers

advocated party platforms, promoted candidates, and attacked the political opposition

The franking privilege

allows members of Congress free access to the postal system for official correspondence

During colonial times, it was quite common for

commentaries or reporting that first appeared in a weekly paper to be republished in pamphlet form for wider circulation

Joseph McCarthy always appeared before television cameras with loose sheets of paper, which he could wave at the camera and claim contained the names of known

communists in the State Department

The role of blogs in today's mass media environment is

continuing to influence politics and journalism in important ways and providing entrepreneurs and media outlets with space to develop digital-only content

The Federal Communication Commission's "fairness doctrine" required that stations

devote a share of their programming to public affairs programming in a balanced and equitable manner

To characterize the news media businesses

does not discredit their integrity as suppliers of vital civic information

When politicians participate in news making, they usually have one or both of two audiences in mind-the public and

fellow politicians

Within a few decades of ratification of the First Amendment, the notion that the free press would guard the citizenry's liberties against the designs of ambitious politicians

had been replaced by the press as dedicated partisan boosters

"Pack journalism" refers to

journalists following the same story in the same ways because they talk to one another while reporting and read each other's copy for validation of their own reporting

All of the innovations in mass communication technology have

made the news more widely available to consumers

Each technological change in mass communication has

made the news more widely available to consumers

One study in 2004 of talk radio programs found

national and state conservative talk programs totaled forty thousand broadcast hours each week compared with three thousand for liberal programs

In the presidential election of 1872, both Horace Greeley, the Democratic presidential candidate, and Henry Wilson, running mate for incumbent Republican president Ulysses S. Grant, were

newspaper publishers

The transformation of newspapers into instruments of mass communication meant that

politicians frequently found themselves bowing to powerful editors and publishers

In March 2011, Senator Rand Paul responded to President Barack Obama's nationally televised address on military action in Libya by

posting his own video on YouTube

The lessons of the Sago mine disaster for the mass media are that

reporters may be tempted to rely on one another's judgments about what is happening as informational shortcuts

Modern newspapers are financially in decline because of

the loss of ad revenue caused by the Internet

In the mid-1770s, the era's most significant medium of political communication was

the pamphlet

"Yellow journalism" was a term first used at the end of the nineteenth century that referred to

the use of outrageous and inflammatory headlines as well as sensational stories to attract readers to newspapers, so called because of the color of ink used in the New York World's comic strips

Once newspaper publishers and editors freed themselves from party control

they discovered that they were able to influence public opinion and, in turn, national politics

The period between 1883 and 1925 was in many ways the golden age of newspapers, in part because

they essentially held a monopoly over mass communication and were the only outlet for national political news

The proliferation of alternative media gives viewers the opportunity

to opt out of consuming political information all together

During the 1920s, when hundreds of radio stations overcrowded desirable spots on the radio dial, the FCC was created in part to solve this classic

tragedy of the commons

The costs of transmitting a news product to each consumer is known as

unit costs

Innovation in mass communication has resulted in

a dramatic expansion of news as a consumer product

What does the example of the Pentagon Papers illustrates about the doctrine of prior restraint

Exercising prior restraint requires the government to demonstrate that the publication of documents would damage national security

What allowed the penny press to thrive in the nineteenth century

Expanding the news to include human interest stories and coverage of crime, business, and social events

What is the consequence of sensationalization, speed, and the growth of infotainment

It has hurt the believability, objectivity, and accuracy of news outlets according to survey data

By the 1960s, what was the chief source of news for many Americans

Nightly evening network news

What is the term for when the news media affects the criteria with which we evaluate candidates or elected leaders

Priming

How did the spread of television in its first decade compare with the spread of radio during its first decade

Radios spread into 40 percent of all households, while televisions spread to almost 90 percent of all households

What has been the influence of mobile platforms on news consumption

The experiences of most Americans are widening and deepening, but they are remaining loyal to their trusted brands for news

When politicians strategically give important information to the news media on the condition that its source not be identified by name, this is referred to as

a leak

The relationship between politicians and reporters can best be described as

built on a tension between reciprocity and competition

The role of infotainment in the current media environment

can prove highly informative for people who are not that interested in public affairs or current events