govt 2305 test 3 review

How many votes are needed to win the electoral college?

270

The Typical procedure for an initiative requires petitions how many signatures of the number of registered voters in a state?

5-10% of the total in the state

Of all the social and economic variables affecting political participation, What is the strongest single factor?

Education

What percent of the incumbents in the house of the representatives historically have won elections?

90-95%

majority of voters are ideologically more _______ than the voting records of congress would indicate?

moderate

what is the first objective of campaign advertising?

name recognition

Structuring the voter choice

reducing the number of candidates on the ballot to those who have a relative chance of winning.

What did a 2013 supreme court decision regarding the Voting Rights Act allow numerous states to do?

require id for voter registration

Proportion representation

the system by which legislative seats are awarded to a party in proportion to the vote that party wins in an election

majority representation

the system by which one office is contested by two or more candidates and is won by the single candidate who collects the most votes

Influencing Behavior

to modify or even reverse government policy to serve political interests (contributing money to candidates campaign).

Straight Ticket

voting for a single party's candidates for all of the offices

Split Ticket

voting for candidates from different parties for different offices

Direct Action

unconventional participation that involves assembling crowds to confront businesses and local governments to demand a hearing.

What are some characteristics frequently associated with nonvoters?

uneducated, low income

why has supreme court struck down most of the congressionally-mandated limits on campaign contribution?

violations of 1st amendment

Closed Primaries

voters must register their party affiliation to vote on that party's potential nominees

Caucuses

A closed meeting of the members of a political party to decide questions of policy and the selections of candidates for office.

National Convention

A gathering of delegates of a single political party from across the country to choose candidates for president and vice president and to adopt a party platform.

Progressivism

A philosophy of political reform based on the goodness and wisdom of individual citizens as opposed to special interests and political institutions.

Responsible party government

A set of principles formalizing the ideal role of parties in a majoritarian democracy

Political Participation

Actions of private citizens by which they seek to influence or support government and politics.

Supportive Behavior

Actions that expresses allegiance to country and government. (reciting the pledge).

By national law, ______ of the seats in the House of Representatives and _______ of the seats in the senate are filled in a general election held every even numbered year.

All, 1/3

Why do presidential elections seem to last so long

Campaigning

Beginning with the 2010 election, what supreme court case allows corporations to run ads directly advocating a candidates' election?

Citizens United Vs. Federal Elections Commission

Campaign finance laws are challenged as violations of the _______ amendment

First, freedom of speech

Solid South

For forty years, no Republican candidate won any of the states from the former confederacy. The south's solid south democracy record earned its nickname "Solid South".

citizen mobilization to stop construction of a nuclear waste facility near their homes would be an example of _________ phenomenon.

NIMBY not in my backyard. self interest principle.

Does the constitution discuss parties?

No

Functions served by political parties in today's political system

Nominating Candidates Structuring the voter choice Proposing Alternative Government Programs Coordinating the Actions of government Officials

To whom did the framers of the constitution leave the issues of voter enfranchisement to ?

States

Suffrage and Franchise both mean?

The right to vote.

Why does the New Hampshire presidential primary gather the lion's share of political and media attention

They go First. Frontloading first primary. New Hampshire's primary election led the nation in selecting delegates to the party's summer convention.

What was the critical event that helped end the Republican Party's domination of national politics in the 1920's

Wall Street crash of 1929 launched the great depression

the National Committee

a committee of a political party composed of party chairpersons and party officials from every state

federal elections commission (FEC)

a bipartisan federal agency of six members that oversees the financing of national campaigns

Electoral College

a body of electors chosen by voters to cast ballots for president and vice president

Class Action Suit

a legal action brought by a person or group on behalf of a number of people in similar circumstance.

Electoral Deallignment

a lessening of the importance of party loyalties in voting decisions

general election

a national election held by law in november of every even number year

direct primary

a preliminary election run by the state government in which the voters choose each party's candidates for the general election.

Initiative

a procedure in which voters can propose an issue to be decided by the legislatures or by the people in a referendum. It requires gathering a specified number of signatures and submitting a petition to a designated agency.

Standard socioeconomic model of participation

a relationship between socioeconomic status and conventional political involvement: People with higher status and more education are more likely to vote than those of lower status.

Conventional Participation

a relatively routine behavior that uses the established institutions of representative government, especially campaigning for candidates and voting in elections. ( voting and writing letters to public officials).

Unconventional Participation

a relatively uncommon behavior that challenges or defies the established institutions or the dominants culture. (Staging sit-down strikes in public buildings, chanting slogans outside public officials windows). (terrorism - extremely unconventional).

Presidential Primary

a special primary held to select delegates to attend a party's national nominating convention which in turn nominates the presidential candidate

Party identification

a voter's sense of psychological attachment to a party

referendum

an election on a policy issue

critical election

an election that produces a sharp change in the existing patterns of party loyalties among groups of voters

Congressional campaign committee

an organization maintained by a political party to raise funds to support its own candidates in congressional elections

Political party

an organization that sponsors candidates for political office under the organization's name.

What are the responsibilities of the Federal Election Commission (FEC)

enforcing limits on financial contributors to national campaigns, requiring full disclosure of campaign spending, and administering the public financing of presidential campaigns.

What percent of all Americans adopt their parents; party?

half of hall americans

26th amendment

lowered the voting age to 18

How many votes does each state have in the electoral college?

one for each senator, and one for each representative

Coordinating the Actions of governmental officals

political parties are the major means for bridging the separate powers to produce coordinated policies that can govern the country effectively.

Open Primaries

primary elections in which voters need not declare their party affiliation and can choose one party's primary ballot to take into the voting booth.

15th amendment

prohibited the states from denying the right to vote "on account of race, color, or previous conditions of servitude."

19th amendment

prohibits states from denying the right to vote "on account of sex"

what did the analysis of Super PAC ads during the 2012 Republican nomination show?

spending has increased

what are the states tightly contested known as?

swing states

elector reallignment

the change in voting patterns that occurs after a critical election

Why did black Americans shift significantly to the Democratic party in the 1960s

the democrats backing of the civil rights legislation

Proposing Alternative Government Programs

the general policies the candidate will pursue if they gain office.

recall

the process of removing an elected official from office

What does a practical test of whether or not a government is a democracy consist of

whether a country holds elections and if so what kind. -- No demonstrations