govt test 1 (part 1)

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The inevitable discovery exception

(1984) was developed in the case of Nix v Williams allows admission of tainted evidence in certain cases states that exclusion of physical evidence that would have been found anyway has no effect on fairness of a trial

which amendment of the constitution was at the center of the famous supreme court case, plessy v ferguson

14th amendment

Which of the following statements are true concerning the right of a assembly

Regulations of public assemblies must be applied fairly to all groups Individuals cannot hold an assembly at a busy intersection during rush hour Public officials can regulate the time and place of assembles

direct results if the boston tea party included

britain asking the colonists to pay for the destroyed tea a british naval blockade of the boston harbor

the great compromise created

a bicameral legislature with a lower house based on population and an upper house based on equal representation of the states

what of the following is a major barrier to political thinking

a citizens unwillingness to make the effort to think politically by paying close attention to politics

historian charles beard describes the founding fathers who wrote our constitution as

a group of wealthy individuals whose hands of the wealthy

in federalists No. 10 madison said that american liberties would be protected by

a large republic

name some of the core principles of the declaration of independence

all men have fundamental rights the consent of the governed is fundamental all men are equal

welfare reform act

americans believed that too many people were getting undeserved benefits and federal programs had become too expensive

which of the following statements are true about american ideals and govt

americans generally believe that govt power should be widely shared americans believe that their govt should have high purpose

great society programs:

americans supported government provided health care for the elderly poor

john adams believed that the nation was best governed by

an elite class

a key concern for the group known as _____________________ was that the proposed constitution lacked a bill of rights

anti-federalists

which document served as the first constitution of the US

articles of confederation

which governing structure represents individuals and groups that oppose the regme

authoritarianism

how did the news of average americans differ from the views of the framers of the constitution

average americans began to challenge restrictions on majority rule average americans felt the constitution should allow for increased majority rule average americans felt more strongly in favor of pure self govt

shays rebellion was an uprising of farmers against the govt of Massachusetts over what issue

back pay for military services taxes

political thinking

can be improved through practicing the use of the tools of political science

grants in aid refer to

cash transfers from the federal govt to state and localities to administer programs

citizens can participate in govt responsibly by

casting votes contributing to political causes forming opinions on political issues

which of these is not considered to be a core value of american political ideals

collectivism

politics are necessary because

conflict in a society is inevitable societys resources are limited people do not all think alike

the constitutions commerce clause says that ______ shall have the power to "regulate commerce" among the states

congress

one way to propose an amendment to the constitution is to have

congress pass it by at least a two-thirds majority in the house and senate

which govt structure allows for majority rule while simultaneously upholding the rights of the minority

consitutional

which of the following is a system based on rule of law, including legal protections for individualism, empowering individuals by enabling them to claim their rights in court

constitutional

which of the following actions gave the national govt more power than the states during george w bushs presidency

creating the department of homeland security the no child left behind act

which of the following are constitutional grants of power to the national govt

declaring war against another nation taxation raising an army

a constitutions main purpose is to

define the way that the system of govt will operate

_________ is a form of govt in which the people govern either directly or though elected representative

democracy

prior to the great depression the _____ party supported greater regulation of business and more rights of labor, while the ____ was ideologically committed to free markets and smaller government

democrat; republican

the US system of govt is said to be ________ in providing for majority influence through elections

democratic

the New york plan

designated that all states would have an equal vote in the legislature called for an unicameral legislature

in following the 8th amendment, the supreme court has used which of the following tests to determine if an action constitutes cruel and unusual punishment

determining if a punishment is "unnecessarily cruel" violates "fundamentally standards of good conscience and fairness "disproportionate to the offence

in a _______ democracy which may take place through town meeting, citizens decide policy directly without elected representatives

direct

the idea that the state must use producers under that law before depriving someone of life, liberty, or property is part of the

due process clause of the 14th amendment

in order to put more power into the hands of the people andrew jackson urged states to allocate their ___________ votes to the candidate that won the popular vote in their state

electoral

in choosing the president the number of members of the house and senate from a state determines the states number of

electoral votes

the power exercised by well positioned and highly influential individuals is know as

elitism

americans have an ________ view of their rights and freedoms

expansive

true or false: the virginia plan favored the states with smaller populations

false

true or false: according to the supreme court, police can search a persons home merely on the basis of a hunch that the owner might be breaking the law

false

true or false: in a 1992 cases involving at st. paul MN city ordinance, the supreme court ruled that the govt can restrict hate speech as it causes " anger or alarm"

false

a _______ system of govt is one in which the power to govern is shared between a national govt and smaller govts with each retaining dome exclusive power

federal

a govt structure with two levels of govt in which each level has sovereignty over different policy matters and geographic areas is a _______ system

federal

which of the following statements about political institutions and interests in the US is true

few nations have as many competing interests and institutions as the US

the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part though state and local govts is known as

fiscal federalism

the first amendment protection that make it illegal for the gov't to enact laws that restrict the free practice of religion by any individuals is known as the

free exercise clause

which of the following statements is true regarding freedom of the press

freedom of press receives strong judicial protection

the establishment clause of the constitution restricts which of the following

govt from supporting one religion over no religion govt from favoring one religion over another

under socialism as if practices today, the govt

guarantees its citizens a minimal standard of living

which of the following cases involved attempts by the national govt to curb business practices as part of their authority to regulate commerce

hammer v dagenhart lochner v new york

the free exercise clause

has been interpreted to mean that Americans can not always act on their religious beliefs if they conflict with other laws is part of the first amendment has been interpreted to mean americans can hold any religious belief of their chosing

the US constitution placed limitations on popular rule in which of the following ways

having the president elected by the electoral college limiting the right to vote to a minority of citizens having US senates elected by state legislatures

the three-fifths compromise was the result of negotiations between northern and southern states

how to count slaves for the purpose of taxation and representation

public policies in america include

how to use military power how to educate children where to build roads and bridges

national

implied/ enumerated

madison, hamilton, and jay wrote the federalist papers

in support of the constitution

a commitment to personal initiative and self sufficiency defines

individualism

the presidents ability to veto a bill

is a check on congress

compared to categorical (?) grants the use of block grants

is less narrowly defined, which means the recipients enjoy greater discretion

the notion of checks and balances

is meant to complement the concept of separation of powers

which of the are true of the constitution

it grants the national govt certain powers and denies it others it accepts self govt but slows the momentum of popular majority ideas it separates power among three branches of govt

which of the following are true legal action

it is a channel through which ordinary americans exercise power it involves use of the courts to assert rights ans interests it involves the bill of rights an independent judiciary, and firm attachment to private property

the essay federalists No. 10 written by _______ __________ is considered one of the most influential writings on american govt

james madison

who of the following were the authors of the federalist papers which argued for ratifying the consitution

james madison alexander hamilton

the power of the federal judiciary to determine the constitutionality of the actions of the other two branches of govt and to declare their actions null and void is called

judicial review

free speech is usually protected in the us unless it

leads to imminent and lawless action involves false commercial advertising claims presents a clear and present danger to others

a false written statement about other people that harms their reputation is known as ______ whereas a false verbal statement about other people is known as _______

libel; slander

in general liberal bloggers and talk show hosts have an audience made up of mostly _____ whereas conservative bloggers and talk show hosts have an audience made up of mostly _________

liberals; conservatives

constitutional guarantees that product (protect) citizens individual rights are known as civil

liberties

the principle that indviduals should be free to act and think as they choose, provided they do not infringe unreasonably on the freedom and well being of others is known as

liberty

the anti-federalists believed that state centered helped to serve the peoples interests by promoting which of the two core democrat values

liberty self-govt

a govt that is subject to strict legal limits on the use of power so as not to threaten the peoples liberty is

limited government

the bill of rights

limited the power of the national govt

chose the events led to the creation of the US constitution

madison and hamilton encouraged delegates at the annapolis convention to meet again and revise the articles of confederation the annapolis convention did not have enough participants to revise the articles of confederation shays rebelion had shown the weakness of the national govt under the articles of confederation

political scientists use the term ______________ to describe the situation in which the majority of citizens effectively determines what govt policy will be

majoritarianism

the supermacy clause of the US constitution

makes national laws the supreme law of land

one drawback to federalism today is that

many people felt that the federal govt has expanded to far into areas that should be controlled at a state or local level

in 1965 the federal govt partnered with states to provide health care to the poor as part of which program

medicaid

in a democracy, which of the following have recognized rights to exercise power

members of congress judges the president

which of the following statements concerning the influence of technology on political participation are true

modern technology may confuse citizens because unreliable information is mixed with true info modern tech enhances the flow and access of info to citizens

the american ideal of equality has led to which of the following changes over the last several decades

more women in higher paying jobs lifting of restrictions on interracial marriages more rights for hispanic immigrants

an increase in national authority is known as

nationalization

in the spirit of devolution president ronald reagan proposed a type of federalism called ______ federalism that would give more control to the states and localities

new

delegates to the constitutional convention decided that the constitution would take effect for ratifying states when _____ of the thirteen states approved it

nine

the bill of rights protects some civil liberties, including freedom

of speech assembly press religion

under the constitution congress was prohibited until 1808 from talking which of the following actions regarding slavery

passing laws ending the slave trade

the law passed by congress soon after the 9/11 attacks that allows the FBI and other intelligence agencies to access personal info and records without consent from targeted individuals is known as the USA _________ act

patriot

the ______ _____ exception states that evidence is admissible when it is immediately visible in the course of stopping a person for another infraction

plain view

which of the following statements is true concerning political thinking

political thinking involves the gathering and sifting of information to form a knowledgeable view about a political issue

one key risk of _____ govt is the potential for tyranny of the majority

popular

political __________ is the ability of persons, groups, or institutions to influence political developments

power

goals of the framers of the constitution included

preserving the states as governing entities dividing power between the national govt and the states creating a national govt that could meet the nations defense needs

regular voters select their party nominees through _________ elections

primary

the right of an individual to be left alone without any interference from others is known as the right to

privacy

who are what owns the means of production in a free market capitalist economic system

private firms

block grants

provide the greatest discretion for allocating funds

even if passed by two-thirds of both houses of congress, a constitutional amendment still must be _______ by three- quarters of the states

ratified

categorical grants:

recipients must spend the funds for a designated purpose

alexander hamilton claimed that the federal govt had the implied power to create a national back through its power to

regulate currency

the supreme court in gibbon v odgen interpreted the meaning of which constitutional power of congress

regulating commerce between the states

according to the establishment clause the govt is required to

remain neutral towards all religions

jefferson and jackson had different views concerning the branch of govt that was best equipped to

represent the views of the majority

a govt in which people are govern by the selection of their representatives is called a

representatives govt

a governing from that is responsive to the majority but not captive to it is a

republic

state

reserved

which of the following is true concerning responsible political thinking

responsible political thinking enables citizens to cast votes intelligently opinions not reached by carefully evaluating info are usually incomplete and misguided responsible political thinking involves the critical evaluation of info in the process of forming a judgement

marbury v madison (1803) established the judicial branches power of judicial ________

review

the supreme court decision that determined that the right to privacy extended to include abortion is

roe v. wade

the president who began to move power, funds, and responsibility back to the states in what was called new federalism was

ronald reagan

which of the following statements are true of economic power in the US

roughly two-thirds of all lobbyists in the nations capital represent business firms firms have greater control of wages and working conditions than in other western democracies corporate power operates in part through the influences that firms have with govt officials

the imminent lawless action test

says that speech must be likely to produce lawless action has two criteria for speech advocating the unlawful use of force to be prohibited says that for speech to be restricted it must be directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action

goals for the first congress included

seeking an end to the British military occupation in the colonies asking Britain for their own counsels for the imposition on taxes requesting a guarantee of trial by local juries

the process by which the supreme court makes certain parts of the bill of rights applicable through the 14th amendment to actions by state govts is known as _________ incorporation

selective

which of these ideals encompasses the principle that the people are the ultimate source of govt authority and should have a voice in their governing

self-government

political scientist richard neustadt described the system of checks and balances set up by the framers of the constitution as system of

separated institutions sharing power

the belief that the power of govt can be controlled by dividing it into several branches instead of concentrating it in one area is known as

separation of powers

which of the following were placed in the US constitution in order to prevent majority tyranny

separation of powers checks and balances a bill of rights

one of the missions of the executive branch is to

serve as a check on the congress

the house and senate (which together form the congress)

share the law making function in the US

the three-fifths compromise state that ______ would be counted for the purposes of representation and appointment, but only partially

slaves

according to john lockes theory called the _________ people agree to form a govt in order to protect society from the actions of dangerous individuals

social- contract

supreme and final governing authority is known as

sovereignty

the articles of confederation created a union of

states

in the debate over the US constitution, the federalist

supported a strong national govt

which of the following are characteristics of an authoritarian form of govt

suppression of minority rights suppression of individuality

in a case involving protester gregory johnson the supreme court ruled that burning the american flag was protected specifically as _________ speech

symbolic

the supreme court has ruled that the right of free assembly

takes precedence over the possibility that the exercise of the right might have undesirable consequences

which of the following were actions of the british govt after the french and indian war (1754-1763) that colonists found objectionable

taxation without representation levying a tax on newspapers

which of the following beliefs are core values of american govt

that citizens are the ultimate authority that all citizens deserve equal treatment under the law that people can act as they choose if they dont infringe on the rights of others

which of the following are reasons that the system of govt of the US is in some ways seen as more democratic than those of many European countries

the US system uses primary electrons to select party nominees for the office the US system elects representatives to its larger legislative chamber more frequently

what are the religious clauses in the first amendment

the establishment clause the free-exercise clause

today most of the guarantees in the bill of rights are protected from action by which of the following

the federal and state governments

today most of the guarantees in the bill of rights are protected from action by which of the following

the federal and state govts

new deal programs

the govt responded to massive unemployment during the great depression

which of the following statements are true about the motivations for creating american democracy

the idea of individual choice could be achieved more easily in the new world than in the old world colonists following enlightenment ideas wanted to overturn the european way of governing the american revolution sought to create a radically different of society

which of the following are reasons why the constitution begins with the words "we the people"

the idea that the US govt ultimately derives its power from the people people need to exercise control over the govt

which of the following was a result of the national govts inability to raise taxes among citizens or confederation

the inability to maintain an army or navy

the branches of the federal govt include

the legislative the executive the judicial

what were some of the weaknesses if the articles of confederation

the national govt depended on the states for its funding and they often didnt pay their full share the national govt didnt have the power to regulate commerce between the states

which of the following were the major weaknesses of the articles of confederation

the national govt had no power to tax the the national govt had no power to regulate interstate commerce

which of the following best describes the limit that dual federalism places in national govt power

the national govt is kept from extending its power into policy areas traditionally reserved for the states

anti-federalists believed that

the national govt was going to have excessive power under the constitution

which of the following happened during the new deal perios

the new deal programs thrust federal power into areas previously reserved for the states the supreme court struck down key pieces of the new deal programs

the president has the following "checks' on the judicial branch

the power of implementation laws the power to nominate federal judges the power to pardon those convicted in court

what provisions of the constitution serve to limit the power of the judicial branch of the federal govt

the president can appoint federal judges congress can impeach and remove judges from the office congress can establish the size of the federal court system

elements of constitutionalism include

the protection of individuals rights lawful restrictions of govt power officials being required to follow the laws

the second amendment of the US constitution protects

the right of the people to keep and bear arms

which of the following statements describe the terms democracy and republic as understood by the framers of the constitution

the separation of powers is a characteristic of republican govt the govt of a republic responds to the needs of the majority while protecting the minority in a democracy the power of the majority is unlimited

the term party polarization refers to

the situation resulting from the intense conflicts between republicans and democrats in the recent years

in the us system, which phrase best describes the relationship between the states govts and the local govts within the state

the system is unitary because the states create countries and cities and grant them all their powers

participants in a free market economy depend on which of the following for their economic security

themselves

which of the following are true of grants of power

they are powers granted to the national govt powers not granted to the national govt are denied it unless they are needed to carry out the granted powers the farmers of the constitution limited the national govt by confining its slope to grants of power

which of the following is true of american democratic political ideas

they come from european enlightenment beliefs about individual worth

to amend the articles of confederation it required __________ states to approve of the amendment

thirteen

In america, majoritarianism occurs mainly

through competition between the republican and democratic parties

true or false: national rights are defined as those possessed by all people

true

true or false: prior to the passage of the us constitution many of the states governed under their own state constitutions that dates back to the colonial era

true

in planned parenthood v casey, the supreme court ruled that restrictions on abortion were legal so long as they didnt place an _______ _______ on a womans right to obtain an abortion

undue burden

the presidents use of the _____ can prevent a congressional bill from becoming a law

veto

for the federalists, the bill of rights

was politically necessary to get the constitution ratified

the framers of the constitution wanted a govt

where people could be free to do as they pleased if they didnt harm others where popular majorities could not disregard the rights of others that protected unpopular groups from mob rule and violence

which of the following was a central issue from the earliest years of the constitution until the end of the civil war

whether the union would survive

in a unitary system all sovereignty rests

with the national govt


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