govt test 1 (part 1)
The inevitable discovery exception
(1984) was developed in the case of Nix v Williams allows admission of tainted evidence in certain cases states that exclusion of physical evidence that would have been found anyway has no effect on fairness of a trial
which amendment of the constitution was at the center of the famous supreme court case, plessy v ferguson
14th amendment
Which of the following statements are true concerning the right of a assembly
Regulations of public assemblies must be applied fairly to all groups Individuals cannot hold an assembly at a busy intersection during rush hour Public officials can regulate the time and place of assembles
direct results if the boston tea party included
britain asking the colonists to pay for the destroyed tea a british naval blockade of the boston harbor
the great compromise created
a bicameral legislature with a lower house based on population and an upper house based on equal representation of the states
what of the following is a major barrier to political thinking
a citizens unwillingness to make the effort to think politically by paying close attention to politics
historian charles beard describes the founding fathers who wrote our constitution as
a group of wealthy individuals whose hands of the wealthy
in federalists No. 10 madison said that american liberties would be protected by
a large republic
name some of the core principles of the declaration of independence
all men have fundamental rights the consent of the governed is fundamental all men are equal
welfare reform act
americans believed that too many people were getting undeserved benefits and federal programs had become too expensive
which of the following statements are true about american ideals and govt
americans generally believe that govt power should be widely shared americans believe that their govt should have high purpose
great society programs:
americans supported government provided health care for the elderly poor
john adams believed that the nation was best governed by
an elite class
a key concern for the group known as _____________________ was that the proposed constitution lacked a bill of rights
anti-federalists
which document served as the first constitution of the US
articles of confederation
which governing structure represents individuals and groups that oppose the regme
authoritarianism
how did the news of average americans differ from the views of the framers of the constitution
average americans began to challenge restrictions on majority rule average americans felt the constitution should allow for increased majority rule average americans felt more strongly in favor of pure self govt
shays rebellion was an uprising of farmers against the govt of Massachusetts over what issue
back pay for military services taxes
political thinking
can be improved through practicing the use of the tools of political science
grants in aid refer to
cash transfers from the federal govt to state and localities to administer programs
citizens can participate in govt responsibly by
casting votes contributing to political causes forming opinions on political issues
which of these is not considered to be a core value of american political ideals
collectivism
politics are necessary because
conflict in a society is inevitable societys resources are limited people do not all think alike
the constitutions commerce clause says that ______ shall have the power to "regulate commerce" among the states
congress
one way to propose an amendment to the constitution is to have
congress pass it by at least a two-thirds majority in the house and senate
which govt structure allows for majority rule while simultaneously upholding the rights of the minority
consitutional
which of the following is a system based on rule of law, including legal protections for individualism, empowering individuals by enabling them to claim their rights in court
constitutional
which of the following actions gave the national govt more power than the states during george w bushs presidency
creating the department of homeland security the no child left behind act
which of the following are constitutional grants of power to the national govt
declaring war against another nation taxation raising an army
a constitutions main purpose is to
define the way that the system of govt will operate
_________ is a form of govt in which the people govern either directly or though elected representative
democracy
prior to the great depression the _____ party supported greater regulation of business and more rights of labor, while the ____ was ideologically committed to free markets and smaller government
democrat; republican
the US system of govt is said to be ________ in providing for majority influence through elections
democratic
the New york plan
designated that all states would have an equal vote in the legislature called for an unicameral legislature
in following the 8th amendment, the supreme court has used which of the following tests to determine if an action constitutes cruel and unusual punishment
determining if a punishment is "unnecessarily cruel" violates "fundamentally standards of good conscience and fairness "disproportionate to the offence
in a _______ democracy which may take place through town meeting, citizens decide policy directly without elected representatives
direct
the idea that the state must use producers under that law before depriving someone of life, liberty, or property is part of the
due process clause of the 14th amendment
in order to put more power into the hands of the people andrew jackson urged states to allocate their ___________ votes to the candidate that won the popular vote in their state
electoral
in choosing the president the number of members of the house and senate from a state determines the states number of
electoral votes
the power exercised by well positioned and highly influential individuals is know as
elitism
americans have an ________ view of their rights and freedoms
expansive
true or false: the virginia plan favored the states with smaller populations
false
true or false: according to the supreme court, police can search a persons home merely on the basis of a hunch that the owner might be breaking the law
false
true or false: in a 1992 cases involving at st. paul MN city ordinance, the supreme court ruled that the govt can restrict hate speech as it causes " anger or alarm"
false
a _______ system of govt is one in which the power to govern is shared between a national govt and smaller govts with each retaining dome exclusive power
federal
a govt structure with two levels of govt in which each level has sovereignty over different policy matters and geographic areas is a _______ system
federal
which of the following statements about political institutions and interests in the US is true
few nations have as many competing interests and institutions as the US
the expenditure of federal funds on programs run in part though state and local govts is known as
fiscal federalism
the first amendment protection that make it illegal for the gov't to enact laws that restrict the free practice of religion by any individuals is known as the
free exercise clause
which of the following statements is true regarding freedom of the press
freedom of press receives strong judicial protection
the establishment clause of the constitution restricts which of the following
govt from supporting one religion over no religion govt from favoring one religion over another
under socialism as if practices today, the govt
guarantees its citizens a minimal standard of living
which of the following cases involved attempts by the national govt to curb business practices as part of their authority to regulate commerce
hammer v dagenhart lochner v new york
the free exercise clause
has been interpreted to mean that Americans can not always act on their religious beliefs if they conflict with other laws is part of the first amendment has been interpreted to mean americans can hold any religious belief of their chosing
the US constitution placed limitations on popular rule in which of the following ways
having the president elected by the electoral college limiting the right to vote to a minority of citizens having US senates elected by state legislatures
the three-fifths compromise was the result of negotiations between northern and southern states
how to count slaves for the purpose of taxation and representation
public policies in america include
how to use military power how to educate children where to build roads and bridges
national
implied/ enumerated
madison, hamilton, and jay wrote the federalist papers
in support of the constitution
a commitment to personal initiative and self sufficiency defines
individualism
the presidents ability to veto a bill
is a check on congress
compared to categorical (?) grants the use of block grants
is less narrowly defined, which means the recipients enjoy greater discretion
the notion of checks and balances
is meant to complement the concept of separation of powers
which of the are true of the constitution
it grants the national govt certain powers and denies it others it accepts self govt but slows the momentum of popular majority ideas it separates power among three branches of govt
which of the following are true legal action
it is a channel through which ordinary americans exercise power it involves use of the courts to assert rights ans interests it involves the bill of rights an independent judiciary, and firm attachment to private property
the essay federalists No. 10 written by _______ __________ is considered one of the most influential writings on american govt
james madison
who of the following were the authors of the federalist papers which argued for ratifying the consitution
james madison alexander hamilton
the power of the federal judiciary to determine the constitutionality of the actions of the other two branches of govt and to declare their actions null and void is called
judicial review
free speech is usually protected in the us unless it
leads to imminent and lawless action involves false commercial advertising claims presents a clear and present danger to others
a false written statement about other people that harms their reputation is known as ______ whereas a false verbal statement about other people is known as _______
libel; slander
in general liberal bloggers and talk show hosts have an audience made up of mostly _____ whereas conservative bloggers and talk show hosts have an audience made up of mostly _________
liberals; conservatives
constitutional guarantees that product (protect) citizens individual rights are known as civil
liberties
the principle that indviduals should be free to act and think as they choose, provided they do not infringe unreasonably on the freedom and well being of others is known as
liberty
the anti-federalists believed that state centered helped to serve the peoples interests by promoting which of the two core democrat values
liberty self-govt
a govt that is subject to strict legal limits on the use of power so as not to threaten the peoples liberty is
limited government
the bill of rights
limited the power of the national govt
chose the events led to the creation of the US constitution
madison and hamilton encouraged delegates at the annapolis convention to meet again and revise the articles of confederation the annapolis convention did not have enough participants to revise the articles of confederation shays rebelion had shown the weakness of the national govt under the articles of confederation
political scientists use the term ______________ to describe the situation in which the majority of citizens effectively determines what govt policy will be
majoritarianism
the supermacy clause of the US constitution
makes national laws the supreme law of land
one drawback to federalism today is that
many people felt that the federal govt has expanded to far into areas that should be controlled at a state or local level
in 1965 the federal govt partnered with states to provide health care to the poor as part of which program
medicaid
in a democracy, which of the following have recognized rights to exercise power
members of congress judges the president
which of the following statements concerning the influence of technology on political participation are true
modern technology may confuse citizens because unreliable information is mixed with true info modern tech enhances the flow and access of info to citizens
the american ideal of equality has led to which of the following changes over the last several decades
more women in higher paying jobs lifting of restrictions on interracial marriages more rights for hispanic immigrants
an increase in national authority is known as
nationalization
in the spirit of devolution president ronald reagan proposed a type of federalism called ______ federalism that would give more control to the states and localities
new
delegates to the constitutional convention decided that the constitution would take effect for ratifying states when _____ of the thirteen states approved it
nine
the bill of rights protects some civil liberties, including freedom
of speech assembly press religion
under the constitution congress was prohibited until 1808 from talking which of the following actions regarding slavery
passing laws ending the slave trade
the law passed by congress soon after the 9/11 attacks that allows the FBI and other intelligence agencies to access personal info and records without consent from targeted individuals is known as the USA _________ act
patriot
the ______ _____ exception states that evidence is admissible when it is immediately visible in the course of stopping a person for another infraction
plain view
which of the following statements is true concerning political thinking
political thinking involves the gathering and sifting of information to form a knowledgeable view about a political issue
one key risk of _____ govt is the potential for tyranny of the majority
popular
political __________ is the ability of persons, groups, or institutions to influence political developments
power
goals of the framers of the constitution included
preserving the states as governing entities dividing power between the national govt and the states creating a national govt that could meet the nations defense needs
regular voters select their party nominees through _________ elections
primary
the right of an individual to be left alone without any interference from others is known as the right to
privacy
who are what owns the means of production in a free market capitalist economic system
private firms
block grants
provide the greatest discretion for allocating funds
even if passed by two-thirds of both houses of congress, a constitutional amendment still must be _______ by three- quarters of the states
ratified
categorical grants:
recipients must spend the funds for a designated purpose
alexander hamilton claimed that the federal govt had the implied power to create a national back through its power to
regulate currency
the supreme court in gibbon v odgen interpreted the meaning of which constitutional power of congress
regulating commerce between the states
according to the establishment clause the govt is required to
remain neutral towards all religions
jefferson and jackson had different views concerning the branch of govt that was best equipped to
represent the views of the majority
a govt in which people are govern by the selection of their representatives is called a
representatives govt
a governing from that is responsive to the majority but not captive to it is a
republic
state
reserved
which of the following is true concerning responsible political thinking
responsible political thinking enables citizens to cast votes intelligently opinions not reached by carefully evaluating info are usually incomplete and misguided responsible political thinking involves the critical evaluation of info in the process of forming a judgement
marbury v madison (1803) established the judicial branches power of judicial ________
review
the supreme court decision that determined that the right to privacy extended to include abortion is
roe v. wade
the president who began to move power, funds, and responsibility back to the states in what was called new federalism was
ronald reagan
which of the following statements are true of economic power in the US
roughly two-thirds of all lobbyists in the nations capital represent business firms firms have greater control of wages and working conditions than in other western democracies corporate power operates in part through the influences that firms have with govt officials
the imminent lawless action test
says that speech must be likely to produce lawless action has two criteria for speech advocating the unlawful use of force to be prohibited says that for speech to be restricted it must be directed at inciting or producing imminent lawless action
goals for the first congress included
seeking an end to the British military occupation in the colonies asking Britain for their own counsels for the imposition on taxes requesting a guarantee of trial by local juries
the process by which the supreme court makes certain parts of the bill of rights applicable through the 14th amendment to actions by state govts is known as _________ incorporation
selective
which of these ideals encompasses the principle that the people are the ultimate source of govt authority and should have a voice in their governing
self-government
political scientist richard neustadt described the system of checks and balances set up by the framers of the constitution as system of
separated institutions sharing power
the belief that the power of govt can be controlled by dividing it into several branches instead of concentrating it in one area is known as
separation of powers
which of the following were placed in the US constitution in order to prevent majority tyranny
separation of powers checks and balances a bill of rights
one of the missions of the executive branch is to
serve as a check on the congress
the house and senate (which together form the congress)
share the law making function in the US
the three-fifths compromise state that ______ would be counted for the purposes of representation and appointment, but only partially
slaves
according to john lockes theory called the _________ people agree to form a govt in order to protect society from the actions of dangerous individuals
social- contract
supreme and final governing authority is known as
sovereignty
the articles of confederation created a union of
states
in the debate over the US constitution, the federalist
supported a strong national govt
which of the following are characteristics of an authoritarian form of govt
suppression of minority rights suppression of individuality
in a case involving protester gregory johnson the supreme court ruled that burning the american flag was protected specifically as _________ speech
symbolic
the supreme court has ruled that the right of free assembly
takes precedence over the possibility that the exercise of the right might have undesirable consequences
which of the following were actions of the british govt after the french and indian war (1754-1763) that colonists found objectionable
taxation without representation levying a tax on newspapers
which of the following beliefs are core values of american govt
that citizens are the ultimate authority that all citizens deserve equal treatment under the law that people can act as they choose if they dont infringe on the rights of others
which of the following are reasons that the system of govt of the US is in some ways seen as more democratic than those of many European countries
the US system uses primary electrons to select party nominees for the office the US system elects representatives to its larger legislative chamber more frequently
what are the religious clauses in the first amendment
the establishment clause the free-exercise clause
today most of the guarantees in the bill of rights are protected from action by which of the following
the federal and state governments
today most of the guarantees in the bill of rights are protected from action by which of the following
the federal and state govts
new deal programs
the govt responded to massive unemployment during the great depression
which of the following statements are true about the motivations for creating american democracy
the idea of individual choice could be achieved more easily in the new world than in the old world colonists following enlightenment ideas wanted to overturn the european way of governing the american revolution sought to create a radically different of society
which of the following are reasons why the constitution begins with the words "we the people"
the idea that the US govt ultimately derives its power from the people people need to exercise control over the govt
which of the following was a result of the national govts inability to raise taxes among citizens or confederation
the inability to maintain an army or navy
the branches of the federal govt include
the legislative the executive the judicial
what were some of the weaknesses if the articles of confederation
the national govt depended on the states for its funding and they often didnt pay their full share the national govt didnt have the power to regulate commerce between the states
which of the following were the major weaknesses of the articles of confederation
the national govt had no power to tax the the national govt had no power to regulate interstate commerce
which of the following best describes the limit that dual federalism places in national govt power
the national govt is kept from extending its power into policy areas traditionally reserved for the states
anti-federalists believed that
the national govt was going to have excessive power under the constitution
which of the following happened during the new deal perios
the new deal programs thrust federal power into areas previously reserved for the states the supreme court struck down key pieces of the new deal programs
the president has the following "checks' on the judicial branch
the power of implementation laws the power to nominate federal judges the power to pardon those convicted in court
what provisions of the constitution serve to limit the power of the judicial branch of the federal govt
the president can appoint federal judges congress can impeach and remove judges from the office congress can establish the size of the federal court system
elements of constitutionalism include
the protection of individuals rights lawful restrictions of govt power officials being required to follow the laws
the second amendment of the US constitution protects
the right of the people to keep and bear arms
which of the following statements describe the terms democracy and republic as understood by the framers of the constitution
the separation of powers is a characteristic of republican govt the govt of a republic responds to the needs of the majority while protecting the minority in a democracy the power of the majority is unlimited
the term party polarization refers to
the situation resulting from the intense conflicts between republicans and democrats in the recent years
in the us system, which phrase best describes the relationship between the states govts and the local govts within the state
the system is unitary because the states create countries and cities and grant them all their powers
participants in a free market economy depend on which of the following for their economic security
themselves
which of the following are true of grants of power
they are powers granted to the national govt powers not granted to the national govt are denied it unless they are needed to carry out the granted powers the farmers of the constitution limited the national govt by confining its slope to grants of power
which of the following is true of american democratic political ideas
they come from european enlightenment beliefs about individual worth
to amend the articles of confederation it required __________ states to approve of the amendment
thirteen
In america, majoritarianism occurs mainly
through competition between the republican and democratic parties
true or false: national rights are defined as those possessed by all people
true
true or false: prior to the passage of the us constitution many of the states governed under their own state constitutions that dates back to the colonial era
true
in planned parenthood v casey, the supreme court ruled that restrictions on abortion were legal so long as they didnt place an _______ _______ on a womans right to obtain an abortion
undue burden
the presidents use of the _____ can prevent a congressional bill from becoming a law
veto
for the federalists, the bill of rights
was politically necessary to get the constitution ratified
the framers of the constitution wanted a govt
where people could be free to do as they pleased if they didnt harm others where popular majorities could not disregard the rights of others that protected unpopular groups from mob rule and violence
which of the following was a central issue from the earliest years of the constitution until the end of the civil war
whether the union would survive
in a unitary system all sovereignty rests
with the national govt
