GPS Midterm test

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides with and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball that isinitially at rest in space. The bowling ball and putty are then set in motion with a speed of A)1/6 m/s. B)1/5 m/s. C)1/4 m/s. D)none of the above E)not enough information

A)1/6 m/s.

A 10-kg brick and a 1-kg book are dropped in a vacuum. The force of gravity on the 10-kg brick is A)10 times as much as the force on the 1-kg book. B)the same as the force on the 1-kg book. C)zero. D)5 times as much as the force on the 1-kg book

A)10 times as much as the force on the 1-kg book.

23)What is the buoyant force acting on a 10-ton ship floating in a fresh-water lake? A)10 tons B)less than 10 tons C)more than 10 tons D)not enough information

A)10 tons

82)What is the buoyant force acting on a 10-ton ship floating in the ocean? A)10 tons B)depends on density of seawater C)more than 10 tons D)less than 10 tons

A)10 tons

A ball is moving at 4 m/s and has a momentum of 48 kg·m/s. What is the ball's mass? A)12 kg B)192 kg C)4 kg D)48 kg E)none of the above

A)12 kg

A 4-kg ball has a momentum of 12 kg·m/s. What is the ball's speed? A)3 m/s B)48 m/s C)4 m/s D)12 m/s E)none of the above

A)3 m/s

2)What would be the temperature of a mixture of 50 g of 20°C water and 50 g of 40°C water? A)30°C B)32°C C)34°C D)25°C E)28°C

A)30°C

A bow is drawn so that it has 40 J of potential energy. When the arrow is fired its kinetic energy is ideally A)40 J. B)less than 40 J. C)more than 40 J.

A)40 J.

Both ends of a piece of rope are pulled by two people in a tug-of-war. If each pulls with a 400-Nforce, the tension in the rope is A)400 N. B)0 N. C)600 N. D)800 N. E)none of the above

A)400 N.

27)The temperature at the bottom of Lake Tahoe, high in the Sierra Mountains in California, at this moment is A)4°C. B)below 4°C. C)uncertain. D)above 4°C.

A)4°C.

what does the prefix micro- stand for

(greek mu) u 10 -6 .000001

6)When Galileo rolled a ball down an incline and up another incline, he found that the ball rolled nearly to A)halfway its original height. B)higher than its original height .C)its initial height. D)three quarters its original height.

.C)its initial height.

(Write the following number in decimal form:) 3.28 x 10-4

0.000328

Which of the beams is due to a high energy electron? A)a B)b C)c D)all of the above E)none of the above

A)a

37)The gush of steam that issues from the escape valve of a pressure cooker is relatively cool A)above the opening where expansion is prominent. B)close to the opening. C)none of the above

A)above the opening where expansion is prominent.

If the mass of an object does not change, a constant net force on the object produces constant A)acceleration. B)velocity. C)both D)none of the above

A)acceleration.

Newton's second law directly involves A)acceleration. B)velocity. C)speed. D)none of the above

A)acceleration.

49)If a weighted air-filled balloon sinks in deep water, it will A)be acted on by a continually decreasing buoyant force. B)become less dense as it sinks. C)likely sink to an equilibrium level before reaching the bottom. D)likely burst if water pressure is great enough. E)none of the above

A)be acted on by a continually decreasing buoyant force.

if you want to cook eggs by boiling them while in the mountains, then compared with cooking atsea level you should A)boil the eggs for a longer time. B)boil the eggs for a shorter time. C)use a hotter flame. D)none of the above

A)boil the eggs for a longer time.

Which requires more work: lifting a 50-kg sack vertically 2 m or lifting a 25-kg sack vertically 4 m?A)both require the same amount of work B)lifting the 50-kg sack C)lifting the 25-kg sack

A)both require the same amount of work

2)Consider a steaming aluminum soda-pop can that contains a small amount of boiling water. Whenit is quickly inverted into a bath of cooler water, the can is dramatically crushed. This is due to therapidly reduced pressure inside the can by A)condensation of steam inside. B)reduced thermal energy. C)contact with the relatively cool water. D)rapid conduction of heat to the relatively cool water. E)sudden slowing of the air and steam molecules inside.

A)condensation of steam inside.

5)The dew that forms on a cold soda can when taken from a refrigerator is due to A)condensation. B)sublimation. C)evaporation. D)none of the above

A)condensation.

19)We feel uncomfortably warm on a muggy day because water molecules are A)condensing on our bodies. B)preventing the evaporation from our moist bodies. C)evaporating from our moist bodies.

A)condensing on our bodies.

41)Compared with the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-kg helium-filled balloon, the buoyantforce of the atmosphere on a nearby 1-kg solid iron block is A)considerably less. B)considerably more. C)the same

A)considerably less.

Suppose you're coasting in a car at 60 km/h and apply the brakes until you slow to 40 km/h. When you suddenly release the brake, the car tends to A)continue moving at 40 km/h in the absence of forces. B)decrease in speed whether other forces act or not. C)momentarily regain its higher initial speed.

A)continue moving at 40 km/h in the absence of forces.

50)The process of boiling water tends to A)cool the water. B)both warm and cool the water at the same time. C)have no effect on water's temperature. D)warm the water.

A)cool the water.

7)Pigs wallow in mud mainly to A)cool themselves by evaporation. B)decrease thermal conductivity. C)shield themselves from the Sun.

A)cool themselves by evaporation.

31)Hot steam that issues from a pressure cooker expands and A)cools. B)can cause severe burns. C)increases in temperature. D)all of the above E)none of the above

A)cools.

35)If a volume of air is warmed, it expands. If a volume of air expands, it A)cools. B)warms. C)neither

A)cools.

45)As a hot iron ring cools, the diameter of the hole A)decreases. B)increases. C)remains the same.

A)decreases.

77)An empty jar is pushed open side downward into water so that air trapped inside can't escape. Asit is pushed deeper, the buoyant force on the jar A)decreases. B)increases. C)remains the same.

A)decreases.

A rock is thrown upward at 50° with respect to the horizontal. As it rises, its vertical component of velocity A)decreases. B)increases. C)remains unchanged

A)decreases.

A ball tossed vertically upward reaches its highest point and then falls back to its starting point. During this up-and-down motion, the acceleration of the ball is always A)directed downward. B)in the direction of motion. C)opposite its velocity. D)directed upward.

A)directed downward.

4)If the mass of an object were to double with no change in volume, its density would A)double. B)be half. C)unchanged.

A)double

A freight train rolls along a track with considerable momentum. If it rolls at the same speed but hastwice as much mass, its momentum is A)doubled. B)zero. C)quadrupled. D)unchanged.

A)doubled.

40)Consider a sample of water at 20°C. If the temperature is slightly increased, the water A)expands. B)remains the same. C)contracts.

A)expands.

56)Blood pressure is normally greater in your A)feet. B)ears. C)same in each.

A)feet.

4)Which law of thermodynamics is a restatement of the conservation of energy as it applies to thermal systems? A)first law B)third law C)second law D)all of the above

A)first law

40)Very importantly, a hydraulic press can multiply A)forces. B)energy. C)pressures. D)all of the above E)none of the above

A)forces.

(Write the following number in decimal form:) 2.65 x 10 8

265,000,000

How far must one travel to completely be beyond Earth's gravity? A)forget it; you can't travel far enough B)to a region well beyond the Moon C)to a region above the Earth's atmosphere D)to a region beyond the solar system

A)forget it; you can't travel far enough

23)When you touch a piece of ice with your finger, energy flows A)from your finger to the ice. B)from the ice to your finger. C)both ways

A)from your finger to the ice.

=LOOK AT PICTURE=FIGURE 2-127)Which graph in Fig. 2-1 represents an object at rest? A)graph a B)graph b C)graph c D)graph d E)both graphs a and d

A)graph a

The Sun is spherical due to A)gravitation. B)Earth and Moon circling it. C)Earth circling it D)none of the above

A)gravitation.

27)Airplane lift is achieved when air pressure on the bottom of a wing is A)greater than pressure on top. B)less than pressure on top. C)the same as pressure on top

A)greater than pressure on top.

A heavy truck and a small car rolling down a hill at the same speed are forced to stop in the sameamount of time. Compared with the force to stop the car, the force needed to stop the truck is A)greater. B)smaller. C)the same.

A)greater.

25)The Sun's radiant energy is composed of shorter wavelengths than the Earth's because the Sun A)has a higher temperature than the Earth. B)is an energy source while the Earth is primarily an energy receiver. C)has much more thermal energy. D)none of the above

A)has a higher temperature than the Earth.

44)Which of the following expands most when the temperature is increased? Equal volumes of A)helium. B)iron. C)wood. D)ice water. E)all expand the same

A)helium.

17)The higher the temperature of an object, the A)higher frequency it radiates. B)lower frequency it radiates. C)none of the above

A)higher frequency it radiates.

60)When a boat sails from fresh water to salt water, the boat will float A)higher in the water. B)lower in the water. C)at the same water level.

A)higher in the water.

22)An object will normally be a net radiator of energy when its temperature is A)higher than its surroundings. B)lower than its surroundings. C)neither

A)higher than its surroundings.

29)In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the faster molecules on average are A)hydrogen. B)oxygen. C)both the same. D)not enough information

A)hydrogen.

A cannonball fired from a long-barrel cannon will have a greater muzzle velocity because the cannonball receives a greater A)impulse. B)force. C)both D)neither

A)impulse.

87)Suppose you stand on a weighing scale and all of a sudden the atmosphere vanishes. The reading on the scale would A)increase. B)decrease. C)remain the same.

A)increase.

12)When work is done on a system and no heat is added, the temperature of the system A)increases. B)remains unchanged. C)decreases.

A)increases.

36)When a volume of air is compressed, its temperature A)increases. B)decreases. C)neither

A)increases.

70)As a woman holding her breath swims deeper and deeper in a lake, her density A)increases. B)decreases. C)remains the same.

A)increases.

30)A glance at your speedometer will tell you your A)instantaneous speed. B)average speed. C)acceleration. D)overall speed.

A)instantaneous speed.

47)A mixture of light and heavy molecules make up a sample of gas. The temperature of the gas isconstant, which means all the molecules have the same average A)kinetic energy. B)speed. C)both D)none of the above

A)kinetic energy.

6)In a vacuum, a marshmallow becomes A)larger. B)does not change. C)smaller

A)larger.

58)A block of Styrofoam floats on water while a same size block of lead lies submerged in the water.The buoyant force is greatest on the A)lead. B)Styrofoam. C)same for both

A)lead.

41)When bringing water to a boil in the mountains, the time needed to reach the boiling point is A)less than at sea level. B)the same as at sea level. C)more than at sea level.

A)less than at sea level.

51)Pumice is a volcanic rock that floats. Compared with the density of water, its density is A)less. B)more. C)the same.

A)less.

21)At the same temperature, which move with the greater speed in a gas? A)light molecules B)heavy molecules C)both have equal average speeds

A)light molecules

20)Both heavy and light molecules make up a sample of gas. On average, the faster molecules are the A)light ones. B)heavy ones. C)no difference D)not enough information

A)light ones.

When you are in the way of a fast-moving object and can't get out of the way, you will suffer asmaller force if the collision time is A)long. B)short. C)the same way either way.

A)long.

34)Compared with an empty ship, the same ship loaded with Styrofoam will float A)lower in the water. B)at the same level in the water. C)higher in the water.

A)lower in the water.

21)An iron ball is placed in a pie pan that floats in a bucket. The water level is marked at the side of the bucket. Then the iron ball is removed and allowed to sink in the bucket. The water line at the side of the bucket is A)lower. B)higher. C)the same

A)lower.

36)To change 50 g of boiling water to steam requires A)more calories than is required to bring 50 g of ice at absolute zero to the boiling point. B)500 calories C)50 calories. D)540 calories. E)none of the above

A)more calories than is required to bring 50 g of ice at absolute zero to the boiling point.

7)More disorder means A)more entropy. B)less entropy. C)no real change in entropy.

A)more entropy

1)A hydraulic device has two pistons, one with a small cross-section area and another piston with alarger cross-section area. If a given force is applied to the small piston, the output force on thelarger-area piston will be A)more. B)the same. C)less. D)all of the above E)none of the above

A)more.

At some point between Earth and the Moon, the forces due to gravity on a space traveler would bethe same. This point is A)nearer the Moon. B)nearer Earth. C)mid-way between Earth and the Moon. D)none of the above

A)nearer the Moon.

A projectile is fired horizontally. With no air resistance, it maintains its horizontal component of velocity because A)no horizontal forces act on it. B)no forces act on it. C)of no initial vertical component of velocity. D)all of the above E)none of the above

A)no horizontal forces act on it.

28)Suppose you want to save energy and you're going to leave your warm house for a half hour on acold day. You should turn the thermostat A)off. B)to room temperature. C)up. D)down.

A)off.

42)In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the slower molecules on average are A)oxygen. B)hydrogen. C)both the same. D)not enough information

A)oxygen.

24)A good reflector of radiation is a A)poor absorber of radiation. B)good absorber of radiation. C)good emitter of radiation. D)none of the above

A)poor absorber of radiation.

76)When you stand on tiptoes on a bathroom scale, there is an increase in A)pressure on the scale, not registered as weight. B)weight reading. C)both weight and pressure on the scale. D)none of the above

A)pressure on the scale, not registered as weight.

28)Buoyant force acts upward on a submerged object because A)pressure up on bottom is greater than downward pressure on top of the object. B)if it acted downward, nothing would float. C)the weight of fluid displaced reacts with an upward force. D)it acts in a direction to oppose gravity

A)pressure up on bottom is greater than downward pressure on top of the object.

23)Increased air pressure on the surface of hot water tends to A)prevent boiling. B)promote boiling. C)neither

A)prevent boiling.

44)When a suction cup sticks to a wall it is A)pushed to the wall by the atmosphere. B)pulled to the wall by the vacuum. C)both D)neither

A)pushed to the wall by the atmosphere.

10)The Earth loses heat mainly by A)radiation. B)convection. C)conduction. D)none of the above

A)radiation.

Suppose a gun were made of strong lightweight material with a pellet that is more massive thanthe gun. Then firing speed is greater for the A)recoiling gun. B)pellet. C)both are the same D)none of the above

A)recoiling gun.

9)When gases change to a liquid phase, they A)release energy. B)absorb energy. C)neither absorb nor release energy.

A)release energy.

Roll a bowling ball off the edge of a table. As it falls, its horizontal component of motion A)remains constant. B)decreases. C)increases.

A)remains constant.

15)The higher the frequency of a wave, the A)shorter the wavelength. B)longer the wavelength. C)neither

A)shorter the wavelength.

18)The higher the temperature of an object, the A)shorter the wavelengths it radiates. B)longer the wavelengths it radiates. C)none of the above

A)shorter the wavelengths it radiates.

55)Two life preservers have identical volumes, one filled with Styrofoam and the other filled with sand. When each is worn by swimmers, one swimmer floats and the other sinks. Interestingly, the buoyant force is actually greater on the life preserver that A)sinks. B)floats. C)same either way D)none of the above

A)sinks.

15)Keep decreasing the shaking of atoms in a liquid and it will A)solidify. B)harden. C)melt.

A)solidify.

12)A can of soft drink will cool faster if placed in what part of a refrigerator? A)the freezer compartment B)the main part of the refrigerator C)both locations should cool the can at the same rate

A)the freezer compartment

11)A piece of iron and a cup of water both have the same temperature. If they are heated so the thermal energy of each doubles, A)the iron will have the higher temperature. B)the water will have the higher temperature. C)both will have the same temperature. D)not enough information

A)the iron will have the higher temperature.

48)Evaporation is a cooling process because A)the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid. B)the temperature of the remaining liquid decreases. C)of conduction and convection. D)heat is radiated during the process. E)none of the above

A)the more energetic molecules are able to escape the liquid.

12)Compared with the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a 1-L helium-filled balloon, the buoyant force of the atmosphere on a nearby 1-L solid iron block is A)the same. B)considerably less. C)considerably more

A)the same.

37)Compared to the density of a kilogram of feathers, the density of a kilogram of lead is A)the same. B)more. C)less

A)the same.

72)A completely submerged object always displaces its own A)volume of fluid. B)weight of fluid. C)density of fluid. D)all of the above E)none of the above

A)volume of fluid.

The net force on any object moving at constant velocity is A)zero. B)less than its weight. C)10 meters per second squared. D)equal to its weight.

A)zero.

Arnold Strongman and Suzie Small have a tug-of-war on a polished floor. Arnold wears socks and Suzie wears gym shoes. The likely winner is A)Arnold. B)Suzie. C)neither, a tied score D)no basis for predicting

B) Suzie

Newton discovered A)gravity. B)that gravity is universal. C)neither

B) that gravity is unversal

Two billiard balls having the same mass roll toward each other at the same speed. What is the netmomentum of the two-ball system? A)10 kg·m/s B)0 kg·m/s C)not enough information

B)0 kg·m/s

78)One liter of water has a mass of A)1 N. B)1 kg. C)both D)neither78)

B)1 kg.

29)A 1-ton blimp hovers in air. The buoyant force acting on it is A)more than 1 ton. B)1 ton. C)zero. D)less than 1 ton

B)1 ton.

A push on a 1-kg brick accelerates the brick. Neglecting friction, to equally accelerate a 10-kg brick requires the force to be A)one-tenth the amount. B)10 times as much. C)just as much. D)100 times as much. E)none of the above

B)10 times as much.

45)Buoyant force is greatest on a submerged A)10-N block of lead. B)10-N block of aluminum. C)same on each

B)10-N block of aluminum.

2)Which would burn the most? A)100 g of water at 100°C B)100 g of steam at 100°C C)both equal

B)100 g of steam at 100°C

When a baseball player hits a ball with a force of 1000 N, the ball exerts force on the bat of A)less than 1000 N. B)1000 N. C)more than 1000 N.

B)1000 N.

63)The density of air at room temperature is about 1.2 grams/cm3. This is the same as A)120 kg/m3. B)1200 kg/m3. C)12 kg/m3.63)

B)1200 kg/m3.

83)A rock suspended by a weighing scale weighs 3 N when submerged in water and 5 N out of water.What is the buoyant force on the rock? A)5 N B)2 N C)3 N D)8 N E)none of the above

B)2 N

A car has a mass of 1000 kg and accelerates at 2 m/s2. What is the magnitude of the force exerted onthe car? A)500 N B)2000 N C)1000 N D)1500 N E)none of the above

B)2000 N

16)From Kepler's third law, an asteroid with an orbital period of 8 years lies at an average distance from the Sun equal to A)8 astronomical units. B)4 astronomical units. C)2 astronomical units. D)16 astronomical units. E)It depends on the asteroid's mass

B)4 astronomical units.

A projectile is thrown into the air at an angle of 50° and lands on a target that is at the same level the projectile started. With no air resistance it will also land on the target if it is thrown at an angleof A)60°. B)40°. C)45°. D)55°. E)none of the above

B)40°.C)

19)Before ice can form on a lake, all the water in the lake must be cooled to A)a value slightly below 0°C. B)4°C. C)0°C.19)

B)4°C.

9)Increasing the temperature of 50 grams of water by 1°C requires A)1 calorie. B)50 calories. C)none of the above

B)50 calories.

In raising a 5000-N piano with a pulley system, for every 1 m of rope pulled down, the piano rises0.1 m. Ideally, this means the force needed to lift the piano is A)5000 N. B)500 N. C)50 N. D)not enough information

B)500 N.

A diver who weighs 500 N steps off a diving board 10 m above the water hits the water with kinetic energy of A)10 J. B)5000 J. C)510 J. D)500 J. E)more than 5000 J.

B)5000 J.

31)A block is dragged at constant velocity across a level surface by a force of 6 N. What is the force offriction between the block and the surface? A)less than 6 N B)6 N C)more than 6 N D)not enough information

B)6 N

22)The number of grams of ice that can be melted by 1 g of 100°C steam is A)6.75 g. B)8 g. C)0.125 g. D)0.148 g. E)none of the above

B)8 g.

27)What do astronomers mean by a constellation?A)A constellation is a group of stars that are all located in about the same place in space. B)A constellation is a region in the sky as seen from Earth. C)A constellation is any random grouping of stars in the sky. D)A constellation is a group of stars related through an ancient story.

B)A constellation is a region in the sky as seen from Earth.

35)You would have the largest mass of gold if it weighed 1 N on the A)Earth. B)Moon. C)both the same

B)Moon.

4)He was the first to prove that comets lie beyond Earth's atmosphere. A)Aristotle B)Tycho Brahe C)Kepler D)Galileo E)Copernicus

B)Tycho Brahe

29)If a nucleus of 23290Th absorbs a neutron and the resulting nucleus undergoes two successive betadecays (emitting electrons), what nucleus results? A)Americium-232 B)Uranium-233 C)Thorium-233 D)Plutonium-232

B)Uranium-233

When you jump from an elevated position you usually bend your knees upon reaching the ground.By doing this, the contact time is about 10 times more than for a stiff-legged landing and theaverage force your body experiences is reduced by A)more than 10 times. B)about 10 times. C)less than 10 times.

B)about 10 times.

14)When ice changes phase to become water, energy is A)unchanged. B)absorbed. C)released.

B)absorbed.

21)The pupil of your eye is a net A)emitter of radiant energy. B)absorber of radiant energy. C)neither

B)absorber of radiant energy.

30)When a solid is changed to a liquid phase, the solid A)releases energy. B)absorbs energy. C)neither releases nor absorbs energy.

B)absorbs energy.

57)An umbrella tends to jerk upward on a windy day principally because A)buoyancy increases with increasing wind speed. B)air pressure is reduced over the curved top surface. C)air gets trapped under the umbrella, warms, and rises. D)all of the above

B)air pressure is reduced over the curved top surface.

If you were caught in freezing weather with only a candle for warmth, you would be warmer in A)a wooden house. B)an igloo C)a tent.

B)an igloo.

46)A soda pop can with a small amount of water is on a hot stove. Soon steam comes from its opening.When the can is quickly inverted into a pan of water, the can is crushed by A)condensation. B)atmospheric pressure. C)suction of the can interior. D)a drop in pressure.

B)atmospheric pressure.

Which of the beams is due to an energetic light wave? A)a B)b C)c D)all of the above E)none of the above

B)b

8)Water pressure is greatest against the A)same against all surfaces. B)bottom of a submerged object. C)sides of a submerged object. D)top of a submerged object. E)none of the above

B)bottom of a submerged object.

38)If the part of an iceberg that extends above the water were suddenly removed, the A)iceberg would sink B)buoyant force on the iceberg would soon decrease. C)pressure on the bottom of the iceberg would increase. D)density of the iceberg would change. E)none of the above

B)buoyant force on the iceberg would soon decrease.

39)Which requires more energy? A)melting a gram of 0°C ice B)changing 1 gram of 100°C water to 100°C steam C)increasing the temperature of 1 gram of water from 0°C to 100°C D)all the same39

B)changing 1 gram of 100°C water to 100°C steam

2)Aristotle treated motion by A)measurements of distance travelled. B)classifying it into two classes. C)comparing the distance traveled with the time of travel. D)all of the above

B)classifying it into two classes.

13)A red-hot piece of iron will cool faster in a A)warm room. B)cold room. C)same in each.

B)cold room.

6)If the temperature of a sample of 0°C water slightly increases, the sample of water A)expands. B)contracts. C)neither

B)contracts.

34)Blow on your hand with your open mouth and you feel the warmth of your breath. Pucker yourlips so your breath expands as you blow and your breath is A)still warm. B)cooler. C)neither

B)cooler.

21)The specific heat capacity of aluminum is more than twice that of copper. Place equal masses of aluminum and copper wire in a flame and the wire to heat up quickest will be A)aluminum. B)copper. C)both the same

B)copper.

If glass expanded more than mercury, then the column of mercury in a thermometer would rise when the temperature A)increases. B)decreases. C)neither

B)decreases

19)Wind blowing over the top of a hill A)increases atmospheric pressure there. B)decreases atmospheric pressure there. C)does not affect atmospheric pressure there

B)decreases atmospheric pressure there.

22)As water in a confined pipe speeds up, the pressure it exerts against the inner walls of the pipe A)increases. B)decreases. C)remains constant if flow rate is constant. D)none of the above

B)decreases.

An open freight car rolls friction-free along a horizontal track in vertically pouring rain. As wateraccumulates in the car, its speed A)increases. B)decreases. C)doesn't change.

B)decreases.

62)If a loaf of bread is compressed, its A)density decreases. B)density increases. C)molecules decrease in size. D)none of the above62)

B)density increases.

23)Whereas impulse involves the time that a force acts, work involves the A)acceleration that a force produces. B)distance that a force acts. C)time and distance that a force acts.

B)distance that a force acts.

9)When gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume at constant temperature, the gas pressure A)quadruples. B)doubles. C)remains the same. D)is half.

B)doubles.

15)An important underlying feature of hydraulic devices is the conservation of A)pressure. B)energy. C)momentum. D)all of the above E)none of the above

B)energy.

Inside the interior of a truck that moves at constant velocity is a package that drops from the midpoint of the ceiling. The package hits the floor A)ahead of the midpoint of the ceiling. B)exactly below the midpoint of the ceiling. C)behind the midpoint of the ceiling. D)more information is needed E)none of the above

B)exactly below the midpoint of the ceiling.

34)If the temperature of a sample of 4°C water slightly increases, the sample of water A)contracts. B)expands. C)neither

B)expands.

40)In contrast to Aristotle's way of explaining nature, Galileo relied on A)mathematics. B)experiment. C)patterns. D)logic

B)experiment.

59)If a battleship sinks in a canal lock, the water level in the lock A)rises. B)falls. C)remains unchanged.

B)falls.

1)The process of convection occurs in A)gases. B)fluids. C)liquids. D)solids. E)none of the above

B)fluids.

A car that travels twice as fast as another car when braking to a stop will skid A)twice as far. B)four times as far. C)depends on the mass of the cars

B)four times as far.

22)When you touch a hot penny in sunlight with your finger, energy flows A)from your finger to the penny. B)from the penny to your finger. C)both ways

B)from the penny to your finger.

Which process would release energy from gold, fission or fusion? From carbon? A)gold: fusion; carbon: fusion B)gold: fission; carbon: fusion C)gold: fusion; carbon: fission D)gold: fission; carbon: fission

B)gold: fission; carbon: fusion

40)A poor conductor of heat is a A)poor insulator. B)good insulator. C)neither

B)good insulator.

=LOOK AT PICTURE= Which graph in Fig. 2-2 represents a constant non-zero velocity? A)graph a B)graph b C)graph c D)graph d E)both graphs c and d 10

B)graph b

7)Lobsters live on the bottom of the ocean. Compared with the density of seawater, the density of a lobster is A)the same. B)greater. C)less

B)greater.

15)Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is decreased? Equal volumes of A)wood. B)helium. C)water. D)iron. E)all contract the same

B)helium.

5)In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the molecules having the greatest average kineticenergy are A)oxygen. B)hydrogen. C)both the same. D)not enough information

B)hydrogen.

7)Transparency of the atmosphere is lowest for radiation of A)ultraviolet light. B)infrared light. C)visible light.

B)infrared light.

39)When gas in a container expands to twice its volume at constant temperature, the gas pressure A)remains the same. B)is half. C)doubles. D)quadruples.

B)is half.

71)When gas in a container expands to twice its volume, its density A)doubles. B)is half. C)quadruples. D)remains the same.

B)is half.

Compared to a recoiling rifle, the bullet that is fired has a greater A)momentum. B)kinetic energy. C)none of the above

B)kinetic energy.

If a charging rhinoceros has momentum, it must also have A)work. B)kinetic energy. C)potential energy. D)all of the above

B)kinetic energy.

16)Place a 1-kg iron block at 40°C into 1 kg of water at 20°C and the final temperature becomes A)at or about 30°C. B)less than 30°C. C)more than 30°C.

B)less than 30°C.

13)A lobster crawls onto a bathroom scale submerged on the ocean bottom. Compared to its weightabove the surface, its apparent weight under water is A)greater. B)less. C)the same.

B)less.

Compared with falling on a wooden floor, a wine glass may not break when it falls on a carpetedfloor because of A)lesser impulse in stopping. B)longer time to stop. C)both D)neither

B)longer time to stop.

When a cannon fires a cannonball at a given speed, the smaller recoil speed of the cannon is due to different A)forces. B)masses. C)times. D)momenta.

B)masses.

18)Whether one object is warmer than another object has most to do with A)heat flow. B)molecular kinetic energy. C)molecular potential energy. D)masses of internal particles.

B)molecular kinetic energy.

A heavy truck and a small truck roll down a hill. Neglecting friction, at the bottom of the hill theheavy truck has greater A)acceleration. B)momentum. C)speed. D)all of the above E)none of the above

B)momentum.

An object in motion will continue in motion with A)acceleration. B)momentum. C)impulse. D)all of the above E)none of the above

B)momentum.

29)Suppose you want to save energy and you're going to leave your cool house for a half hour on a hotday. You should turn the temperature setting on the air conditioner A)up. B)off. C)to room temperature. D)down.

B)off.

67)The buoyant force on an object is less when the object is A)submerged near the bottom. B)partly submerged. C)submerged near the surface. D)none of the above

B)partly submerged.

39)A good heat conductor is a A)good insulator. B)poor insulator. C)neither

B)poor insulator.

45)When steam condenses to water, energy is A)conserved as the phase change occurs. B)released. C)transformed to a different form. D)absorbed.

B)released.

16)When a gas is changed to a liquid phase, the gas A)absorbs energy. B)releases energy. C)neither

B)releases energy.

27)If molecules in a sample of gas moved so they completely missed each other, the gas's temperaturewould A)increase. B)remain unchanged. C)decrease.

B)remain unchanged.

32)A wooden block with a piece of iron tied to its top floats in a bucket of water. If the wood and ironflips over so the iron is on the bottom, the water level at the side of the bucket A)falls. B)remains the same. C)rises

B)remains the same.

37)When heat is added to boiling water, the water temperature A)decreases. B)remains the same. C)increases.

B)remains the same.

10)An ice cube floating in a glass of water contains many air bubbles. When the ice melts, the water level A)rises. B)remains unchanged. C)falls.

B)remains unchanged.

27)Suppose you are served coffee at a restaurant before you are ready to drink it. In order for it to bethe hottest when you are ready for it, you should add cream A)at any time. B)right away. C)when you are ready to drink the coffee.

B)right away.

61)Consider two tubes filled with water at the same height, one with fresh water and the other tube with salt water. The pressure is greater at the bottom of the tube with A)fresh water. B)salt water. C)both the same D)depends on whether the tubes have the same cross-sectional area.

B)salt water.

1)For each degree a volume of air at 0°C is cooled, its volume A)increases by 100/273. B)shrinks by 1/273. C)shrinks by 100/273. D)increases by 1/273.

B)shrinks by 1/273.

80)Strictly speaking, gas pressure inside an inflated stretched balloon is A)less than air pressure outside the balloon. B)slightly greater than air pressure outside the balloon. C)equal to air pressure outside the balloon

B)slightly greater than air pressure outside the balloon.

11)A friend says that a can of beverage will cool faster in the coldest part of a refrigerator. Knowledge of Newton's law of cooling A)shows this statement is false. B)supports this statement. C)none of the above

B)supports this statement.

No work is done by gravity on a bowling ball that rolls along a bowling alley because A)no distance is covered by the ball. B)the force on the ball is at right angles to the ball's motion. C)its kinetic energy may vary. D)no potential energy converts to kinetic energy. E)no force acts on the ball.

B)the force on the ball is at right angles to the ball's motion.

44)A water-filled paper cup held in a flame will not catch fire because A)paper is a good conductor of heat. B)the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains. C)water is an excellent conductor of heat. D)the inside of the paper is wet.

B)the paper cup cannot become appreciably hotter than the water it contains.

30)Compared to a bar of pure gold, the density of a pure gold ring is A)less. B)the same .C)more.

B)the same

31)If a pressure of 20 kPa is applied to one piston in a simple hydraulic device, the pressure on apiston of larger area will be A)more than 20 kPa. B)the same 20 kPa. C)less than 20 kPa. D)all of the above E)none of the above

B)the same 20 kPa.

A ball is thrown upwards and caught when it returns. Neglecting air resistance, the speed with which it is caught is A)more than its initial speed. B)the same as its initial speed. C)less than its initial speed.

B)the same as its initial speed.

65)The volume of water displaced by a floating 20-ton boat is A)the volume of the boat. B)the volume of 20 tons of water. C)20 cubic meters. D)depends on the shape of the ship's hull. E)none of the above

B)the volume of 20 tons of water.

10)We are warmed by condensation because water molecules in the air striking our bodies A)form an insulating layer on our bodies. B)transfer some of their kinetic energies to us. C)gain kinetic energy as they change state.

B)transfer some of their kinetic energies to us.

Determine the accuracy (the number of significant digits) in each measurement 0.04060s

4 sig figs

(Write the following numbers in scientific notation) 45,000

4.5x10 4

31)Heat is thermal energy that matter A)contains. B)transfers. C)both D)none of the above

B)transfers

7)A 1000-kg car and a 2000-kg car are hoisted the same distance in a service station. Raising themore massive car requires A)as much work. B)twice as much work. C)less work. D)four times as much work. E)more than four times as much work.

B)twice as much work.

If you push an object twice as far while applying the same force, you do A)four times as much work. B)twice as much work. C)the same amount of work.

B)twice as much work.

41)If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 1-liter and a 2-liter container of water, the temperature change of water in the 1-liter container will be A)more than half but less than twice. B)twice. C)half. D)none.

B)twice.

54)A change in pressure at any point in a confined fluid at rest is transmitted A)to points of lower pressure. B)undiminished to all points in the fluid. C)in the direction of lower energies. D)all of the above E)none of the above

B)undiminished to all points in the fluid.

81)As a high-altitude balloon sinks lower and lower into the atmosphere it undergoes a decrease in A)mass. B)volume. C)weight. D)density. E)none of the above

B)volume.

49)To say that evaporation is a cooling process is to say that the A)condensation is minimum. B)water left behind cools. C)surrounding air cools.

B)water left behind cools.

35)A dam is thicker at the bottom than at the top because A)water is cooler at deeper levels. B)water pressure is greater at deeper levels. C)dams look better. D)water is denser at deeper levels.E)none of the above

B)water pressure is greater at deeper levels.

50)A large block of wood and a small block of iron each register 2000 N on a weighing scale. Takingbuoyancy of air into account, which has the greater mass? A)iron B)wood C)both the same

B)wood

Recoil is noticeable if we throw a heavy ball while standing on a skateboard. If instead we gothrough the throwing motion but hold onto the ball, without friction effects our net recoil will be A)small, but noticeable. B)zero.C)the same as before.

B)zero.

The force required to maintain an object at a constant velocity in free space is equal to A)the mass of the object. B)zero. C)the weight of the object. D)the force required to stop it.

B)zero.

A rock is thrown vertically upward. At the top of its straight-line path, its velocity is A)between 0 m/s2 and 10 m/s2. B)greater than 10 m/s. C)0 m/s. D)10 m/s. E)none of the above

C) 0 m/s

38)When snow forms in clouds, the surrounding air is A)cooled and warmed. B)cooled. C)warmed. D)none of the above

C) warmed

4)If the greenhouse effect on Earth were absent, Earth's average temperature would be about A)as it is now. B)appreciably warmer. C)-18°C.

C)-18°C.

Two identical freight cars roll without friction towards each other on a level track. One car rolls at 2m/s and the other car rolls at 1 m/s. After the cars collide, they couple and roll together with aspeed of A)1.0 m/s. B)0.33 m/s. C)0.5 m/s. D)0.67 m/s. E)none of the above

C)0.5 m/s.

A 1-kg chunk of putty moving at 1 m/s collides and sticks to a 5-kg bowling ball initially at rest.The bowling ball and putty move with a momentum of A)5 kg·m/s. B)2 kg·m/s. C)1 kg·m/s. D)0 kg·m/s. E)more than 5 kg·m/s.30)

C)1 kg·m/s.

A rifle of mass 2 kg is horizontally suspended by a pair of strings so that recoil can be measured.The rifle fires a bullet of mass 1/100 kg at a speed of 200 m/s. The recoil velocity of the rifle is about A)0.1 m/s. B)0.001 m/s. C)1 m/s. D)0.01 m/s. E)none of the above

C)1 m/s.

A 1000-kg car moving at 10 m/s that brakes to a stop in 5 s has an average braking force of A)1000 N. B)3000 N. C)2000 N. D)4000 N. E)5000 N.

C)2000 N.

24)A 2500-N pile driver ram falls 10 m and drives a post 0.1 m into the ground. The average force on the post is A)25,000 N. B)2,500,000 N. C)250,000 N. D)2500 N.

C)250,000 N.

84)When a 5-N block of wood floats in mercury the buoyant force on it is A)less than 5 N. B)more than 5 N. C)5 N.

C)5 N.

A 5-kg fish swimming at a speed of 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish at rest. The speedof the larger fish after lunch is A)1/2 m/s. B)1 m/s. C)5/6 m/s. D)6/5 m/s. E)2/5 m/s.25)

C)5/6 m/s.

Which of the following types of radiation might be best for medical imaging? A)Alpha radiation would be best because it penetrates the least and therefore does the least damage. B)Only X-rays are used for medical imaging. C)Gamma radiation would be best because it penetrates the best. D)Beta radiation would be best because it can be measured electrically. E)none of the above

C)Gamma radiation would be best because it penetrates the best.

7)He discovered that the orbits of planets are ellipses. A)Copernicus B)Tycho Brahe C)Kepler D)Galileo E)Ptolemy

C)Kepler

The impulse-momentum relationship is a direct result of A)Newton's third law. B)Newton's first law. C)Newton's second law.

C)Newton's second law.

The conservation of momentum is closely related to A)Newton's second law. B)Newton's first law. C)Newton's third law.

C)Newton's third law.

26)A common 5-L metal can will float in air if it is A)thrown high enough into the air. B)filled with a very large amount of helium. C)Nonsense! Unless the can and displaced air weigh the same, the can can't float in air. D)evacuated of air.

C)Nonsense! Unless the can and displaced air weigh the same, the can can't float in air.

18)The molecules in a room-temperature glass of water jostle around at A)constant speeds. B)much the same speeds. C)a great variety of speeds.

C)a great variety of speeds.

4)In the mountains, water boils at A)a higher temperature than at sea level. B)the same temperature as at sea level. C)a lower temperature than at sea level.

C)a lower temperature than at sea level.

18)When did Copernicus live? A)about 100 years ago B)about 5000 years ago C)about 500 years ago D)about 1000 years ago E)about 2000 years ag

C)about 500 years ago

28)A new car manufacturer advertises that their car can go "from zero to sixty in 8 s." This is adescription of A)average speed. B)instantaneous speed. C)average acceleration. D)instantaneous acceleration. E)none of the given answers.

C)average acceleration.

17)If the volume of an object were to double with no change in mass, its density would A)double. B)unchanged. C)be half.

C)be half.

52)A bubble of air released from the bottom of a lake A)rises to the top at constant volume. B)alternately expands and contracts as it rises. C)becomes larger as it rises. D)becomes smaller as it rises. E)none of the above

C)becomes larger as it rises.

14)As entropy in a system increases, energy within the system A)becomes more ordered. B)reaches equilibrium. C)becomes less ordered. D)moves toward destruction.

C)becomes less ordered.

An airplane flies at 40 m/s at an altitude of 50 m. The pilot drops a heavy package, which falls and strikes the ground. Neglecting air resistance, where does the package land? A)400 m behind the plane B)more than 500 m behind the plane C)beneath the plane D)500 m behind the plane E)none of the above

C)beneath the plane

40)Boiling can be thought of as evaporation A)at its extreme. B)that cools instead of warming. C)beneath the surface of water.

C)beneath the surface of water.

46)As a helium-filled balloon rises in the air, it becomes A)heavier. B)more dense. C)bigger. D)all of the above E)none of the above

C)bigger.

19)If an object radiates more energy than it absorbs, its A)temperature decreases. B)thermal energy decreases. C)both D)neither

C)both

20)If an object radiates more energy than it reflects, its A)thermal energy decreases. B)temperature decreases. C)both D)neither

C)both

20)The temperature of boiling water is A)212°F. B)100°C. C)both

C)both

24)The density of water at 4°C will slightly decrease when it is A)warmed. B)cooled. C)both D)neither

C)both

29)The temperature of melting ice is A)0°C. B)32°F. C)both

C)both

3)Newton's law of cooling applies to objects that are A)cooling. B)warming. C)both D)none of the above

C)both

3)The pressure in a liquid depends on liquid A)depth. B)density. C)both D)neither

C)both

30)Warm air rises because faster moving molecules tend to move to regions of less A)pressure. B)density. C)both

C)both

33)Steam burns are more damaging than burns caused by boiling water because steam A)releases additional energy when it condenses. B)has more energy per kilogram than boiling water. C)both D)neither

C)both

5)Absolute zero corresponds to a temperature of A)0 K. B)-273° C. C)both D)neither

C)both

53)A fish normally displaces its own A)weight of water. B)volume of water. C)both D)neither

C)both

8)Put a saucer of water on your table. A process that occurs in the saucer is A)condensation. B)evaporation. C)both D)neither

C)both

9)Heating the Earth's atmosphere is caused by energy A)production. B)consumption. C)both D)neither

C)both

Padded dashboards in cars are safer in an accident than non-padded ones because an occupanthitting the dash has A)decreased contact force. B)increased time of contact. C)both D)neither of these

C)both

36)Which has the greater density, a lake full of water or a cupful of lake water? A)the cupful of lake water B)the lake C)both have the same density

C)both have the same density

A hunter fires a bullet from a horizontally-held rifle while simultaneously dropping another bullet from the side of the rifle. Which bullet hits the ground first? A)the fired one B)the dropped one C)both hit at the same time

C)both hit at the same time

In a perfectly ELASTIC collision between two perfectly rigid objectsA)the momentum of the system is conserved but the kinetic energy of the system is notconserved.B)the momentum of each object is conserved.C)both the momentum and the kinetic energy of the system are conserved.D)the kinetic energy of each object is conserved.E)the kinetic energy of the system is conserved, but the momentum of the system is notconserved.

C)both the momentum and the kinetic energy of the system are conserved.

1)In a gaseous mixture of hydrogen and oxygen, the higher-temperature molecules are A)hydrogen. B)oxygen. C)both the same D)not enough information

C)both the same

You're driving down the highway and a lovebug spatters onto your windshield. Which undergoesthe greater change in momentum? A)your car B)the lovebug C)both the same

C)both the same

You're driving down the highway and a lovebug spatters onto your windshield. Which undergoesthe greater force of impact? A)your car B)the lovebug C)both the same

C)both the same

You're driving down the highway and a lovebug spatters onto your windshield. Which undergoesthe greater impulse? A)the lovebug B)your car C)both the same

C)both the same18)

75)In a vacuum, an object has no A)temperature. B)mass. C)buoyant force. D)weight. E)all of the above

C)buoyant force.

24)When an object is partly or wholly immersed in a liquid, it is buoyed up A)by a force equal to its own weight. B)and floats because of Archimedes' principle. C)by a force equal to the weight of liquid displaced. D)but sinks. E)none of the above

C)by a force equal to the weight of liquid displaced.

Which of the beams is due to a positively charged helium nucleus? A)a B)b C)c D)all of the above E)none of the above

C)c

Which of the beams is due to alpha particles? A)a B)b C)c D)all of the above E)none of the above

C)c

A neutron makes a better nuclear bullet than a proton or an electron because it A)can be accelerated by electromagnetic fields. B)has the greatest mass. C)carries no electrical charge. D)all of the above

C)carries no electrical charge.

23)If air were a better conductor than it is, nighttimes on Earth would be A)not appreciably different in temperature. B)considerably warmer. C)considerably colder.

C)considerably colder.

To steadily (constantly) increase the velocity of something requires a A)decreasing force. B)steadily increasing force. C)constant force. D)none of the above

C)constant force.

13)Steam burns are much more damaging than boiling-water burns because steam A)is gaseous. B)is hotter. C)contains more thermal energy. D)has a higher temperature.

C)contains more thermal energy.

33)Coastal winds shift from night to day due to A)conduction. B)radiation. C)convection. D)all about equally.

C)convection.

11)As a swimmer dives deeper and deeper, strictly speaking, the volume of water displaced by the swimmer actually A)increases. B)remains unchanged but pressure on her increases. C)decreases. D)none of the above

C)decreases.

When bullets are fired from an airplane in the forward direction of motion, the momentum of theairplane A)increases. B)is unchanged. C)decreases.

C)decreases.

74)Water pressure at the bottom of a lake depends on the A)weight of water in the lake. B)surface area of the lake. C)depth of the lake. D)all of the above

C)depth of the lake.

14)Speed is to velocity as distance is to A)temperature. B)magnitude. C)displacement. D)acceleration. E)direction.

C)displacement.

16)The Bernoulli effect causes passing ships to be drawn together when the ships are close and movingin A)the same direction. B)the opposite direction. C)either the same or opposite direction.

C)either the same or opposite direction.

48)Two equal-sized buckets are filled to the top with water. One of the buckets has a piece of woodfloating in it, making its total weight A)more than the weight of the other bucket. B)less than the weight of the other bucket. C)equal to the weight of the other bucket

C)equal to the weight of the other bucket

42)The usefulness of a bimetallic strip is due to differences in A)heat capacities of metals. B)conductivities of metals. C)expansions of metals.

C)expansions of metals.

14)Compared to a glass of ice water with ice, a glass of plain ice-cold water without ice on a warmday will warm up A)slower. B)in the same amount of time. C)faster.

C)faster.

You use a straw for a pea shooter. The speed of the pea emerging from the straw when you blowthrough it will be greater if the straw is A)either cut in half or full length. B)cut in half. C)full length.

C)full length

17)Compared to a giant iceberg, a hot cup of coffee has A)more thermal energy and higher temperature. B)a greater specific heat capacity and more thermal energy. C)higher temperature, but less thermal energy. D)none of the above

C)higher temperature, but less thermal energy.

31)Food is cooked faster in a pressure cooker because of the A)greater rate of bubble formation in the water. B)increased thermal energy in the water. C)higher temperature. D)none of the above

C)higher temperature.

32)Which of the following contracts most when the temperature is slightly increased? Equal volumes of A)helium. B)wood. C)ice water. D)iron. E)none of the above contract when heated

C)ice water.

The speed of a bullet fired from a gun will be about the same as the speed of the recoiling gun A)when momentum is conserved. B)when both velocity and momentum are conserved. C)if the masses of the bullet and gun are equal. D)because velocity is conserved. E)none of the above

C)if the masses of the bullet and gun are equal.

14)The product of gas pressure and volume for a given mass of gas is constant A)never. B)whether or not temperature changes. C)if the temperature doesn't change. D)none of the above

C)if the temperature doesn't change.

If an object's mass decreases while a constant force acts on it, the acceleration A)remains the same. B)will be zero. C)increases D)decreases.49)

C)increases

8)As a system becomes more disordered, entropy A)decreases. B)remains the same. C)increases.

C)increases.

37)Your room gets messier day by day. In this case entropy is A)hanging steady. B)decreasing. C)increasing. D)none of the above

C)increasing.

6)Glass and the atmosphere are largely opaque to A)ultraviolet light. B)visible light. C)infrared light.

C)infrared light.

Perturbations of planets are due to A)uneven masses of planets. B)deviations from straight-line paths. C)interplanetary forces. D)none of the above

C)interplanetary forces

41)Your toes feel warmer on a rug than on a tile floor because the rug A)is usually warmer than tile. B)has more thermal energy than tile. C)is a better insulator than tile. D)all of the above E)none of the above

C)is a better insulator than tile.

You are given three radioactive samples (α, β, and γ) and can only dispose of one. The other two you must keep, one in your hand, the other in your pocket. How would you minimize your exposure risk? A)dispose of α, keep β in pocket and keep γ in hand B)keep α in hand, dispose of β, and keep γ in pocket C)keep α in hand, keep β in pocket, and dispose of γ D)dispose of α, keep β in hand, and keep γ in pocket E)keep α in pocket, dispose of β, and keep γ in hand.

C)keep α in hand, keep β in pocket, and dispose of γ

16)The average frequency of radiant energy is directly proportional to the A)Fahrenheit temperature of the emitter. B)Celsius temperature of the emitter. C)kelvin temperature of the emitter. D)all of the above E)none of the above

C)kelvin temperature of the emitter.

28)If a room is cold it is due to a A)low air pressure. B)presence of cold air. C)lack of adequate thermal energy.

C)lack of adequate thermal energy.

42)A liter-sized block of ordinary wood floats in water. The volume of water displaced is A)more than 1 L. B)1 L. C)less than 1 L. D)none of the above

C)less than 1 L.

35)Hot sand cools off faster at night than plants and vegetation, which indicates that the specific heat capacity for sand is A)likely the same as that for plants. B)more than that for plants. C)less than that for plants. D)not enough information

C)less than that for plants.

38)Metals are both good heat and electrical conductors due to A)relatively high densities of metals. B)ability of metals to transfer energy easily. C)looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms. D)high elasticity of metals. E)similar thermal and electrical conductive properties.

C)looseness of outer electrons in metal atoms.

32)When salt is introduced to water, the temperature at which freezing occurs is A)increased. B)dependent on the shape of salt and ice crystals. C)lowered. D)quite unaffected.

C)lowered.

1)A kilogram is a measure of an object's A)force. B)gravity .C)mass. D)weight

C)mass.

25)If the specific heat capacity of water were lower than it is, ponds in the cold of winter would be A)neither more nor less likely to freeze. B)less likely to freeze. C)more likely to freeze.

C)more likely to freeze.

35)Food in boiling water cooks slower in high-altitude locations. If you increase the temperatureunder the pot the food will cook A)faster. B)slower. C)neither

C)neither

Is it at all possible for a hydrogen nucleus to emit an alpha particle? A)yes, but it does not occur very frequently B)yes, because alpha particles are the simplest form of radiation C)no, because it does not contain enough nucleons D)no, because it would require the nuclear fission of hydrogen, which is impossible

C)no, because it does not contain enough nucleons

3)Which is the smallest unit of measurement for temperature? A)one Kelvin B)one Celsius degree C)one Fahrenheit degree D)all are the same

C)one Fahrenheit degree

17)Sublimation is a change of phase from solid to gas without A)a transfer of energy. B)a change of temperature. C)passing through the liquid phase.

C)passing through the liquid phase.

34)When a gas changes phase to become a solid, energy is A)absorbed. B)unchanged. C)released.

C)released.

43)When an ice cube in a glass of water melts, the water level A)falls. B)rises. C)remains the same

C)remains the same

The force exerted on the tires of a car to directly accelerate it along a road is exerted by the A)tires. B)air. C)road. D)engine. E)none of the above

C)road.

A Mack truck and a Mini Cooper traveling at the same speed collide head-on. The collision force is greatest on the A)Mini Cooper. B)Mack truck. C)same

C)same

Arnold Strongman and Suzie Small each pull on opposite ends of a rope in a tug-of-war. The greatest force on the rope is exerted by A)Suzie. B)Arnold. C)same

C)same

A car traveling at 100 km/h strikes an unfortunate bug that splatters on the windshield. The force of impact is greater on the A)car. B)bug. C)same for both

C)same for both

89)Buoyant force is greatest on a submerged 1 cubic centimeter block of A)aluminum. B)lead. C)same on each

C)same on each

5)Two life preservers have identical volumes, one filled with Styrofoam and the other filled with sand. When both life preservers are fully submerged, the buoyant force is greater on the one filled with A)Styrofoam. B)sand. C)same on each if volumes remain the same

C)same on each if volumes remain the same

39)Which will cool faster when taken from a furnace? A)iron B)the same C)silver

C)silver

Which requires more work on the brakes of a car?A)slowing down from 70 km/h to a stop B)equal amounts of work for either C)slowing down from 100 km/h to 70 km/h

C)slowing down from 100 km/h to 70 km/h

43)A good insulator A)prevents heat transfer. B)quickens heat transfer. C)slows heat transfer.

C)slows heat transfer.

5)To say you can never change only one thing means that when you change something, A)you can't do it again. B)only one other thing will change. C)something else changes.

C)something else changes.

From the same height you simultaneously drop a lightweight tennis ball and a heavyweight bowling ball. When they hit the floor they have the same A)momentum. B)force. C)speed. D)all of the above E)none of the above

C)speed.

3)Keep increasing the shaking of atoms in a solid and it will A)harden. B)melt. C)sublime.

C)sublime.

8)The interior of a greenhouse emits long-wavelength radiation due to its A)transparency. B)green color. C)temperature. D)plant cell structure

C)temperature.

It is correct to say that impulse is equal to A)the force multiplied by the distance the force acts. B)momentum. C)the change in momentum. D)all of the above E)none of the above

C)the change in momentum.

86)An egg is placed at the bottom of a bowl filled with water. Salt is slowly added to the water untilthe egg rises and floats. From this experiment, we conclude that A)egg-shell calcium is repelled by sodium chloride. B)buoyant force does not always acts upward. C)the density of salt water exceeds the density of the egg. D)salt sinks to the bottom. E)none of the above

C)the density of salt water exceeds the density of the egg.

25)Compared to the buoyant force on you when floating in fresh water, buoyant force on you whenfloating in the dense water of the Dead Sea is A)less because volume displacement is less. B)more because of the greater density of fluid displaced. C)the same.

C)the same.

79)Compared to the density of water, the density of a fish is A)less. B)more. C)the same.

C)the same.

33)Suspend a pair of Ping-Pong balls from two strings so there is a small space between them. If youblow air between the balls, they will swing A)away from the air stream, but not necessarily toward or apart from each other. B)apart from each other. C)toward each other.

C)toward each other.

47)When a chocolate bar is cut in half, its density is A)halved. B)doubled. C)unchanged

C)unchanged

32)Convection currents in the air near a seashore are produced by A)shifting winds. B)varying temperatures. C)unequal heating of land and water. D)none of the above

C)unequal heating of land and water.

28)Which is not a phase of matter? A)gases B)liquids C)vacuum D)solids

C)vacuum

30)During a very cold winter, water pipes sometimes burst because A)water contracts when freezing. B)the thawing process releases pressure on the pipes. C)water expands when freezing. D)the ground contracts when colder, pulling pipes apart. E)none of the above

C)water expands when freezing.

68)The density of a submarine cruising beneath the ocean surface has the same density as A)a floating submarine. B)a crab. C)water. D)iron. E)none of the above

C)water.

85)A rising balloon is buoyed up with a force equal to the A)weight of the balloon and its contents. B)density of surrounding air. C)weight of air it displaces. D)atmospheric pressure. E)all of the above

C)weight of air it displaces.

23)An object in motion tends to remain in motion A)only when an external force acts on it. B)because of a force inside the object. C)without the need of a force. D)due to their nature.

C)without the need of a force.

A space probe in remote outer space continues moving A)in a curved path. B)because a force acts on it. C)due to gravity. D)even though no force acts on it.

D) even though no force acts on it.

Whirl a rock at the end of a string and it follows a circular path. If the string breaks, the rock tends to A)fall straight downward. B)continue in a circular path. C)spiral inward. D)follow a straight-line path.

D) follow a straight-line path.

A hockey puck slides across a frozen pond. If ice friction and air resistance are neglected, the force needed to keep the puck sliding at constant velocity is A)equal to the weight of the puck. B)the weight of the puck divided by the mass of the puck. C)the mass of the puck multiplied by 10 m/s2. D)0 N. E)none of the above

D)0 N.

When a 100-kg astronaut ejects 0.1 kg of gas at a speed of 50 m/s from her propulsion pistol, her recoil speed is A)0.5 m/s. B)50 m/s. C)5.0 m/s. D)0.05 m/s.

D)0.05 m/s.

Two identical gliders slide toward each other on an air track. One glider moves at 1 m/s and theother glider moves at 2 m/s. They collide and stick. The combined gliders move atA)3/4 m/s.B)1/3 m/s.C)1.5 m/s.D)1/2 m/s.E)1/6 m/s.35)

D)1/2 m/s.

A 5-kg fish swimming at a speed of 1 m/s swallows an absent-minded 1-kg fish swimmingtoward it at 4 m/s. The speed of the larger fish after lunch is A)1/2 m/s. B)3/2 m/s. C)1/5 m/s. D)1/6 m/s. E)2/3 m/s.26

D)1/6 m/s.

Consider gliders that slide friction-free along a horizontal air track. Glider A has a mass of 1 kg, aspeed of 1 m/s, and collides with glider B, which has a mass of 5 kg and is at rest. If they stick uponcollision the speed the combined gliders will be A)1 m/s. B)1/5 m/s. C)1/4 m/s. D)1/6 m/s. E)none of the above

D)1/6 m/s.

8)When a falling object gains 10 m/s each second, its acceleration is A)10 m/s. B)steadily increasing. C)directed upward. D)10 m/s2

D)10 m/s2

2)What is the weight of water displaced by a 100-ton floating ship? A)more than 100 tons B)100 cubic meters C)less than 100 tons D)100 tons E)depends on the ship's shape

D)100 tons

A music console is pushed a distance of 2 m with a force of 20 N. The work done on the console is A)10 J. B)20 J. C)2 J. D)40 J. E)80 J.

D)40 J.

32)A 10-N falling object encounters 4 N of air resistance. The net force on it is A)10 N. B)0 N. C)4 N. D)6 N. E)none of the above

D)6 N

A 5000-kg freight car crashes into a 10,000-kg freight car at rest. They couple upon collision andmove with a speed of 2 m/s. What was the initial speed of the 5000-kg freight car? A)4 m/s B)5 m/s C)8 m/s D)6 m/s E)none of the above

D)6 m/s

A boxer punches a sheet of paper in midair from rest to a speed of 40 m/s in 0.05 s. If the mass ofthe paper is 0.01 kg, the force of the punch on the paper is A)0.8 N. B)0.08 N. C)80 N. D)8.0 N.

D)8.0 N.

Which of the following statements about fusion is true? A)Fusion produces no harmful radiation. B)Fusion reactions can be easily controlled to make energy. C)Fusion is easier than fission. D)Fusion reactions have no critical-mass requirement. E)none of the above

D)Fusion reactions have no critical-mass requirement.

A friend produces a Geiger counter to check the local background radiation. It ticks. Another friend, who normally fears most that which is understood least, makes an effort to keep away from the region of the Geiger counter and looks to you for advice. What do you say? A)Wear heavy clothes. B)The Geiger counter is emitting radiation. C)Run away as fast as you can! D)The Geiger counter is detecting naturally occurring radiation from your body.

D)The Geiger counter is detecting naturally occurring radiation from your body.

Which of the beams is actually composed of particles? A)a B)b C)c D)a and c E)all of the above

D)a and c

When you step off a bus moving at 10 m/s, your horizontal speed when you meet the ground is A)greater than 10 m/s. B)zero. C)less than 10 m/s but greater than zero. D)about 10 m/s.

D)about 10 m/s.

2)Radiant energy emitted by our planet is A)the result of radioactivity in Earth's interior. B)terrestrial energy. C)electromagnetic. D)all of the above

D)all of the above

26)Melting and freezing are both A)opposite processes. B)processes of molecular transfer. C)changes of phase. D)all of the above

D)all of the above

43)When you place a sealed can of air on a hot stove burner, the can undergoes an increase in A)temperature. B)thermal energy. C)pressure. D)all of the above E)none of the above

D)all of the above

46)To say that water has a high specific heat capacity is to say that water A)requires a lot of energy for an increase in temperature. B)absorbs a lot of energy for an increase in temperature. C)releases a lot of energy in cooling. D)all of the above

D)all of the above

A car traveling along the highway needs a certain amount of braking force to stop. More brakingforce is required when the car has A)less stopping distance. B)more momentum. C)more mass. D)all of the above E)none of the above

D)all of the above

The force of a falling apple hitting the ground depends upon A)the time of contact with the ground. B)whether or not the apple bounces. C)the speed of the apple just before it hits. D)all of the above

D)all of the above

39)A motor scooter undergoes acceleration when it A)gains speed. B)changes direction. C)decreases speed. D)all of the above.

D)all of the above.

The circular orbit of a satellite orbiting the Earth is characterized by a constant A)acceleration. B)radial distance. C)speed. D)all the above E)none of the above

D)all the above

Substances are composed of tiny particles. Temperature is related mostly to the particles' A)movement of energy from particle to particle. B)total kinetic energy. C)average thermal energy. D)average translational kinetic energy. E)none of the above

D)average translational kinetic energy.

A particle is being accelerated through space by a 10-N force. Suddenly the particle encounters ahead-on second force of 10 N in the opposite direction. The particle with both forces acting on it A)is brought to a rapid halt.B)decelerates gradually to a halt. C)theoretically tends to accelerate toward the speed of light. D)continues at the speed it had when it encountered the second force. E)none of the above

D)continues at the speed it had when it encountered the second force.

43)Boiling and freezing can occur at the same time when water is subjected to A)increased temperatures. B)increased atmospheric pressure. C)decreased temperatures. D)decreased atmospheric pressure.

D)decreased atmospheric pressure.

66)When gas in a container is squeezed to half its volume, its density A)halves. B)quadruples. C)remains the same. D)doubles.

D)doubles.

The force that accelerates a rocket in outer space is exerted on the rocket by the A)rocket's wings. B)rocket's engine. C)atmospheric pressure. D)exhaust gases. E)none of the above

D)exhaust gases.

10)If the same quantity of heat is added to both a 2-liter and a 4-liter container of water, the temperature change for water in the 4-liter container will be A)more than half but less than twice. B)twice that of the 2-liter container. C)no change. D)half that of the 2-liter container.

D)half that of the 2-liter container.

16)An object that has twice as much mass as another object also has twice as much A)volume. B)gravitational acceleration. 'C)velocity. D)inertia .E)all of the above

D)inertia

18)Ice cubes submerged at the bottom of a liquid mixture indicate that the mixture A)is composed of open-structured crystals. B)has dissolved air in a liquid state. C)fails to produce a buoyant force on the ice. D)is less dense than ice

D)is less dense than ice

64)If air speed is greater along the top surface of a bird's wings, pressure of the moving air there is A)turbulent. B)more. C)unaffected. D)less.

D)less.

An object may have potential energy because of its A)momentum. B)acceleration. C)speed. D)location. E)none of the above

D)location.

25)Aristotle believed that natural laws could be understood by A)experiment .B)mathematics .C)patterns .D)logic.

D)logic.

38)The overflow spillage of gasoline from a car's full tank on a hot day is evidence that gasoline expands A)about the same as the tank metal. B)less than the tank metal. C)negligible. D)more than the tank metal.

D)more than the tank metal.

An object that has kinetic energy must be A)at an elevated position. B)at rest. C)falling. D)moving. E)none of the above

D)moving.

11)To melt 50 g of 0°C ice requires A)25 calories. B)80 calories. C)50 calories. D)none of the above

D)none of the above

24)When evaporation occurs in a dish of water, the molecules left behind in the water A)have decreased average speeds. B)result in lowered temperature. C)are less energetic. D)none of the above

D)none of the above

A 0.5-kg blob of clay moving at 2.0 m/s slams into a 4.0-kg blob of clay at rest. The speed of thetwo blobs stuck together after colliding is about A)2.5 m/s. B)1.5 m/s. C)1.1 m/s. D)none of the above

D)none of the above

While a car travels around a circular track at constant speed, its A)both B)velocity is zero. C)acceleration is zero. D)none of the above

D)none of the above

26)The silver coating on the glass surfaces of a Thermos bottle reduces energy that is transferred by A)conduction. B)friction. C)convection. D)radiation. E)none of the above

D)radiation.

6)When water changes to ice, water molecules A)lose the quality of wetness. B)retain their energy. C)absorb energy. D)release energy.

D)release energy.

After a ball tossed upward leaves your hand, the force of gravity on it A)gradually diminishes. B)gradually increases. C)no longer acts. D)remains constant. E)changes direction.

D)remains constant.

69)The pressure at the bottom of a jug filled with water does NOT depend on A)the height of the liquid. B)water density. C)the acceleration due to gravity. D)surface area of the water. E)none of the above

D)surface area of the water.

73)The reason a life jacket helps you float is that A)if you sink, the jacket sinks. B)the jacket has the same density as an average human. C)the jacket causes you to weigh less. D)the combined density of you and the jacket is less than your density alone. E)the jacket repels water.

D)the combined density of you and the jacket is less than your density alone.

In an INELASTIC collision between two objects A)both the momentum and the kinetic energy of the system are conserved. B)the kinetic energy of the system is conserved, but the momentum of the system is notconserved. C)the momentum of each object is conserved. D)the momentum of the system is conserved but the kinetic energy of the system is notconserved. E)the kinetic energy of each object is conserved.

D)the momentum of the system is conserved but the kinetic energy of the system is notconserved.

10)What is the saros cycle? A)the 26,000-year cycle of the Earth's precession B)the annual cycle of the seasons C)the roughly one-month cycle of lunar phases in the sky D)the roughly 18-year cycle over which the pattern of eclipses repeats

D)the roughly 18-year cycle over which the pattern of eclipses repeats

A 10-kg brick and a 1-kg book are dropped in a vacuum. The acceleration of the 10-kg brick is A)5 times as much as for the 1-kg book. B)zero. C)10 times as much as for the 1-kg book. D)the same as that of the 1-kg book.

D)the same as that of the 1-kg book.

26)The fact that a thermometer "takes its own temperature" illustrates A)energy conservation. B)the difference between heat and thermal energy. C)molecules are constantly moving. D)thermal equilibrium.

D)thermal equilibrium.

In order to catch a fast-moving softball with your bare hand, you extend your hand forward justbefore the catch and then let the ball ride backward with your hand. Doing this reduces thecatching force because the A)time of the catch is decreased. B)relative velocity is more. C)relative velocity is less. D)time of catch is increased. E)none of the above

D)time of catch is increased.E)none of the above

The distinction between impulse and force involves the A)difference between acceleration and velocity. B)distance the force acts. C)mass and its effect on resisting a change in momentum. D)time the force acts.

D)time the force acts.

Strictly speaking, if any electrical device in an automobile is turned on (such as an air conditioner,headlights, or radio), more fuel is consumed by the engine. This statement is A)sometimes true, sometimes false B)true only if the engine is running. C)always false D)true.

D)true.

An object lifted 10 m gains a certain amount of potential energy. If it is lifted 20 m, its gain in potential energy is A)more than four times as much. B)the same. C)four times as much. D)twice as much. E)less.

D)twice as much.

88)Atmospheric pressure is caused by the A)effect of the Sun's energy on the atmosphere. B)temperature of the atmosphere. C)density of the atmosphere. D)weight of the atmosphere.

D)weight of the atmosphere.

A 1-kg glider and a 2-kg glider both slide toward each other at 1 m/s on an air track. They collideand stick. The combined gliders move at A)1.5 m/s. B)0 m/s. C)1/2 m/s. D)1/6 m/s. E)1/3 m/s.

E)1/3 m/s.

It takes 40 J to push a large crate 4 m across a floor. The force exerted on the crate is A)4 N. B)160 N. C)40 N. D)1600 N. E)10 N.

E)10 N.

36)What would be the temperature of 50 g of 20°C water mixed with 80 g of 40°C water? A)24.6°C B)26.9°C C)27.6°C D)28.3°C E)32.3°C

E)32.3°C

A moving object has A)energy. B)speed. C)velocity. D)momentum. E)all of the above

E)all of the above

A sandbag is motionless in outer space. A second sandbag with 3 times the mass moving at 12 m/scollides with it and they both stick together and move at a speed of A)8 m/s. B)3 m/s. C)4 m/s. D)6 m/s. E)none of the above

E)none of the above

What prevents satellites such as the space shuttle from falling? A)centrifugal force B)the absence of air resistance C)gravity D)centripetal force E)nothing, they continually fall around and around Earth

E)nothing, they continually fall around and around Earth

19)The path that led to modern science emerged from ancient civilizations in which part of the world?A)Southern Asia B)Central and South America C)China D)North America E)the Mediterranean and the Middle East

E)the Mediterranean and the Middle East

A girl pulls on a 10-kg wagon with a constant force of 30 N. What is the wagon's acceleration? A)3.0 m/s2 B)10 m/s2 C)30 m/s2 D)0.3 m/s2 E)300 m/s2

A) 3.0 m/s2

An Earth satellite is simply a projectile freely falling around the Earth. A)true B)false C)sometimes true and sometimes false

A) True

A bullet fired from a rifle begins to fall A)as soon as it leaves the barrel. B)after air friction reduces its speed. C)neither

A) as soon as it leaves the barrel

A bullet fired horizontally hits the ground in 0.5 s. If it had been fired with twice the velocity itwould have hit the ground in A)0.5 s. B)more than 0.5 s. C)less than 0.5 s.

A)0.5 s

A 30-kg girl and a 25-kg boy face each other on friction-free roller blades. The girl pushes the boy,who moves away at a speed of 1.0 m/s. The girl's speed is A)0.83 m/s. B)0.55 m/s. C)1.2 m/s. D)0.45 m/s.

A)0.83 m/s.

A piece of putty moving with 1 unit of momentum strikes and sticks to a heavy bowling ball that isinitially at rest. After the putty sticks to the ball, both move with a combined momentum of A)1 unit. B)more than 1 unit. C)less than 1 unit. D)not enough information

A)1 unit.

20)Buoyant force is greatest on a submerged A)1-kg block of aluminum. B)1-kg block of lead. C)same on each

A)1-kg block of aluminum.

18)A scalar quantity is described by both a magnitude and a direction.

false

20)Columbus was the first person to discover that Earth is round.

false

26)Is it possible for the magnitude of displacement to be greater than the distance traveled

false

In science, an educated guess is a

hypothesis

what does the prefix kilo- stand for?

k 10 3 1,000

what does the prefix milli- stand for?

m 10-3 .001 meaning onethousand

the metric symbol, or abbreviation, for milli is __

m 10-3

solve for m in the formula F = ma

m=F/a

The language of science is

mathematics

Solve for h in PE = mgh

n=PE/(mg)

Science is concerned mainly with the

natural world.

scientific hypothesis can be disproved with

one reproducible experiment.

what is the difference between a subscript and an exponent?

subscripts = at or below the baseline, to lable Exponents =are above express very large or small numbers quickly

17)A vector quantity is described by both a magnitude and a direction.

true

38)It is possible to have constant speed, but still be accelerating.

true

5)It is possible to have a zero acceleration, and still be moving

true

hypothesis that is scientific must have a test for proving it

wrong

Determine the accuracy (the number of significant digits) in each measurement 3.6x 10-12km

2 sig figs

(Write the following numbers in scientific notation) 0.0000742

7.42x10-5

15)The scientist to first introduce the concept of inertia was A)Galileo. B)Aristotle. C)Newton. D)Copernicus.

A)Galileo.

24)If a ball rolls down an inclined plane and picks up 4 m/s each second it rolls, its acceleration is' A)one half of 4 m/s2. B)10 m/s2. C)one half of 4 m/s. D)4 m/s2.

D)4 m/s2.

37)Galileo said that if you rolled a ball along a level surface it would A)roll in the opposite direction. B)roll as long as its inertia nudged it along. C)slow down due to its natural tendency to come to rest. D)keep rolling without slowing down if no friction acted upon it.

D)keep rolling without slowing down if no friction acted upon it.

(Express each of the following values using scientific notation) 0.0001042 mi

1,042x10-4mi

(Express each of the following values using scientific notation) 127,500 cm

1.275x10 5cm

(Use the rules for multiplication and division of measurements to find the value of) find the area of a rectangle 22.6 m long and 4.60 m wide.

104

6.9 L = ___________ ml 750 μm = ___________ mm 670 mm2= ___________ cm2 96 in. = ___________ yd 15 ft3= ___________ m

14. 6900ml 15. 0.75mm 16. 6.7cm 2 17. 2.7yd 18. 4.3m 3

Determine the accuracy (the number of significant digits) in each measurement 20,900m

3 sig figs

determine the number of significant figures in 24.0 seconds.

3 sig figs

Use the rules of measurement to add 18.5 m; 2070 cm; 95.25 cm; 0.045 m

40.2m

(Use the rules for multiplication and division of measurements to find the value of) (36.0 kg)(45 m) /(1.35 s)2

890 kgxm/s 2

(Use the rules for multiplication and division of measurements to find the value of) find the volume of a rectangular box 18.0 cm long, 9.0 cm wide, and 6.00 cm high

970

9)When Copernicus first created his Sun-centered model of the universe, it did not lead tosubstantially better predictions of planetary positions than the Ptolemaic model. Why not? A)Copernicus used perfect circles for the orbits of the planets. B)Copernicus misjudged the speeds at which the planets orbit the Sun. C)Copernicus placed the planets in the wrong order going outward from the Sun. D)Copernicus placed the Sun at the center but did not realize that the Moon orbits Earth. E)Copernicus misjudged the distances between the planets

A)Copernicus used perfect circles for the orbits of the planets.

8)For most of history, the lack of observable stellar parallax was interpreted to mean that ________. A)Earth is stationary at the center of the universe B)stars were too far away for parallax to be measured with available technology C)Galileo's theories of the universe were essentially correct D)stars must all lie at the same distance from Earth, on the celestial spher

A)Earth is stationary at the center of the universe

9)Suppose that an object travels from one point in space to another. Make a comparison between thedisplacement and the distance traveled. A)The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled. B)The displacement is either greater than or equal to the distance traveled. C)The displacement is always equal to the distance traveled. D)The displacement can be either greater than, smaller than, or equal to the distance traveled

A)The displacement is either less than or equal to the distance traveled.

1)Why were ancient peoples unable to detect stellar parallax? A)They did not have the ability to measure very small angles. B)They did not look for it. C)They did detect it, but they rejected the observations. D)They could not see distant stars. E)They did not observe for long enough periods of time.

A)They did not have the ability to measure very small angles.

23)Which of the following best describes the modern definition of a constellation? A)a region of the celestial sphere B)a pattern of bright stars in the sky C)a group of stars that all lie at about the same distance from Earth D)a Greek mythological figure E)a collection of stars that are near one another in space

A)a region of the celestial sphere

26)When did Ptolemy live? A)about 2000 years ago B)about 5000 years ago C)about 100 years ago D)about 500 years ago E)about 1000 years ago

A)about 2000 years ago

13)Science greatly advanced when Galileo favored A)experiment. B)philosophical discussions. C)non-mathematical thinking. D)none of the above

A)experiment

Science is a body of knowledge that extends back to

A)humankind's beginnings. B)the time of Galileo. C)Greece in the 7th century B.C. D)Italy in the 16th century. A

6)Which of the following statements about scientific models is true? A)All models that explain nature well are correct. B)A model can be used to explain and predict real phenomena. C)A model tries to represent only one aspect of nature. D)A model tries to represent all aspects of nature. E)All current models are correct.

B)A model can be used to explain and predict real phenomena.

25)You're lying on the sand on a breezy day when a pesky fly wishes to join you. The breeze isblowing at a steady 2 m/s. In order for the fly to land on you it should hover over you while flying A)with the breeze at 2 m/s. B)against the breeze at 2 m/s. C)about 4 m/s relative to the breeze. D)faster than 2 m/s.

B)against the breeze at 2 m/s.

11)Where was the Sun in Ptolemy's model of the universe? A)at the center B)between the orbits of Venus and Mars C)slightly offset from the center D)at the outer edge, beyond Saturn's orbit E)between Earth and the Moon's orbit

B)between the orbits of Venus and Mars

12)Ptolemy was important in the history of astronomy because he A)developed a scientifically accurate model of the universe. B)developed a model of the solar system that made sufficiently accurate predictions of planetary positions to remain in use for many centuries. C)was the first to believe in an Earth-centered universe. D)was the first to create a model of the solar system that placed the Sun rather than Earth at the center. E)was the first to believe that all orbits are perfect circles

B)developed a model of the solar system that made sufficiently accurate predictions of planetary

22)We can't detect stellar parallax with naked-eye observations. Which of the following would makeparallax easier to observe? A)speeding up the precession of Earth's axis B)increasing the size of Earth's orbit C)getting away from streetlights D)speeding up Earth's rotational motion E)slowing down Earth's rotational motion

B)increasing the size of Earth's orbit

22)Aristotle believed that natural laws could be understood by A)patterns. B)logic. C)experiment. D)mathematics

B)logic.

19)According to Galileo, inertia is a A)force like any other force. B)property of all matter. C)special kind of force. D)concept opposite to force

B)property of all matter.

34)Galileo's demonstration at the Leaning Tower of Pisa A)failed in their purpose. B)refuted Aristotle's teachings. C)confirmed Aristotle's teachings. D)none of the above

B)refuted Aristotle's teachings.

36)What did Galileo incorporate in his study of motion that Aristotle overlooked? A)the role of space B)the role of time C)the role of distance D)none of the above

B)the role of time

=LOOK AT PICTURE=11)Which graph(s) in Fig. 2-2 represent(s) zero acceleration? A)only a B)only b C)a and b D)b and c E)c and d

C)1 km/h.

33)If an object is accelerating, it must therefore undergo A)a change in direction. B)a change in speed. C)a change in velocity

C)a change in velocity

2)Aristotle treated motion by A)measurements of distance travelled. B)comparing the distance traveled with the time of travel. C)classifying it into two classes. D)all of the above

C)classifying it into two classes.

21)According to Galileo, the test of scientific truth is A)logic. B)philosophical discussion. C)experiment. D)finding patterns in nature.

C)experiment

14)Scientific equations in a conceptual course are mainly A)unfortunately a confusing way of explaining ideas. B)for mathematical problem solving. C)guides to thinking about the relationships between concepts. D)recipes for plugging in numerical data.

C)guides to thinking about the relationships between concepts.

24)Suppose you see a photo showing Jupiter half in sunlight and half in shadow (that is, a first quarterJupiter). This photo might have been taken by ________. A)the Keck Telescope on Mauna Kea, Hawaii B)the Hubble Space Telescope (which orbits Earth) C)the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter in the 1990s D)the Arecibo Radio Telescope in Puerto Rico

C)the Galileo spacecraft that orbited Jupiter in the 1990s

20)Compared with the mass of a certain object on Earth, the mass of the same object on the Moon is A)more. B)less. C)the same

C)the same.

15)Why did Ptolemy have the planets orbiting Earth on "circles upon circles" in his model of the universe?A)to explain why more distant planets take longer to make a circuit through the constellations of the zodiac B)to explain why the Greeks were unable to detect stellar parallax C)to explain the fact that planets sometimes appear to move westward, rather than eastward,relative to the stars in our sky D)to explain why Venus goes through phases as seen from Earth E)to properly account for the varying distances of the planets from Earth

C)to explain the fact that planets sometimes appear to move westward, rather than eastward,relative to the stars in our sky

7)You're driving in a car at 50 km/h and bump into a car ahead traveling at 48 km/h in the same direction. The speed of impact is A)98 km/h. B)zero. C)50 km/h. D)2 km/h. E)48 km/h.

D)2 km/h.

4)While in an airplane flying at 100 km/h you look down from the window and spot another airplaneflying at the same speed in the opposite direction. Relative to you, the speed of the spotted plane is A)100 km/h. B)zero. C)150 km/h. D)200 km/h.

D)200 km/h.

17)What is stellar parallax? A)It describes the fact that stars are actually moving relative to one another, even though to our eyes the stars appear fixed in the constellations. B)It is the change in the set of constellations that we see at different times of year in the evening sky. C)It is the daily rise and set of the stars. D)It is the slight back-and-forth shifting of star positions that occurs as we view the stars from different positions in Earth's orbit of the Sun.

D)It is the slight back-and-forth shifting of star positions that occurs as we view the stars from different positions in Earth's orbit of the Sun.

5)Which of the following statements about stellar parallax is true? A)Stellar parallax was first observed by ancient Greek astronomers B)It takes at least 10 years of observation to measure a star's parallax. C)We observe all stars to exhibit at least a slight amount of parallax. D)The closer a star is to us, the more parallax it exhibits. E)The amount of parallax we see depends on how fast a star is moving relative to us

D)The closer a star is to us, the more parallax it exhibits.

3)What is meant by a scientific paradigm? A)a pseudoscientific idea B)a conundrum or unexplained set of facts C)a radical change in scientific thought D)a generally well-established scientific theory or set of theories E)a historical theory that has been proved inaccurate

D)a generally well-established scientific theory or set of theories

32)Compared with a 1-kg block of solid iron, a 2-kg block of solid iron has twice as much A)mass. B)inertia. C)volume. D)all of the above E)none of the above

D)all of the above

3)The slope of a line connecting two points on a position versus time graph gives A)instantaneous acceleration. B)instantaneous velocity. C)average acceleration D)average velocity. E)none of the given answers

D)average velocity.

31)The two measurements necessary for calculating average speed are A)velocity and distance. B)acceleration and time. C)distance and acceleration. D)distance and time. E)velocity and time.

D)distance and time.

23)The slope of a tangent line at a given time value on a position versus time graph gives A)average acceleration B)average velocity. C)instantaneous acceleration. D)instantaneous velocity. E)none of the given answers.

D)instantaneous velocity.

29)When a ball increases in speed by the same amount each second, its acceleration A)also increases each second. B)decreases each second. C)varies. D)is constant.

D)is constant.

13)What is meant by Occam's Razor? A)the fine line between science and pseudoscience B)a poorly designed experiment that fails to show the difference between two competing theories C)a well-designed experiment that clearly shows the differences between two competing theories D)the idea that scientists should prefer the simpler of two models that agree equally well with observations E)the shaving implement of a medieval scholar

D)the idea that scientists should prefer the simpler of two models that agree equally well with observations

21)The controversial book of this famous person, published in 1543 (the year of his death), suggestedthat Earth and other planets orbit the Sun. A)Kepler B)Galileo C)Ptolemy D)Tycho Brahe E)Copernicus

E)Copernicus

ind the next term in the following sequence. T, F, S, E, T, T, F

S,E,F,T S

ind the next term in the following sequence. F, S, S, M, T

W, S, F,T W

what does the prefix centi- stand for?

c 10-2 .01 meaning hundred

in science, facts

may change

The synthesis of a large collection of information that contains well-tested and verified hypotheses about certain aspects of the world is known as a scientific

theory.