Gr. 7 Social Studies Chap. 5 Review

In 1784, officials from which country closed the lower Mississippi, which the United States utilized to ship goods to eastern markets?

Spain

Describe the Great Compromise.

The Great Compromise combined two plans, the New Jersey Plan and the Virginia Plan. It created a bicameral legislature. The Senate would have 2 representatives from each state. The number of representatives from each state in the House of Representatives would be based on each state's population.

What is a period when economic activity slows and unemployment increases called?

depression

What did Federalists and Antifederalists mainly disagree over during the struggle over ratification of the Constitution?

division of power between the national government and the states

What is the Bill of Rights?

document added to the Constitution to protect citizens' rights

What did the Three-Fifths Compromise determine?

how many representatives a state would have in the Congress by counting three-fifths of the state's slave population. This means for every 5 slaves, 3 of them would be counted for representation and taxes.

At the Constitutional Convention, what dispute did the Great Compromise settle?

representation in Congress

The Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom was one of the earliest expressions of which basic principle of American government?

separation of church and state

Delegates at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 agreed to the Three-Fifths Compromise as a way to do what?

settle differences over representation in Congress

What did Shays's Rebellion lead most Americans to call for?

stronger central government

Under the federal system, what is the final authority, or the "supreme law of the land"?

the Constitution

Which document guarantees freedom of speech, the right to bear arms, and protection from unreasonable search and seizure?

Bill of Rights

What were some of the problems with the Articles of Confederation? (You must list at least 3).

*Congress could not force states to give them money or soldiers when they were needed. *The government did not have a president or a national court system. *Congress could not pass tariffs or regulate interstate trade. *Congress could not levy taxes.

What were two reasons this form of government was replaced by the United States Constitution?

*Congress could not regulate trade or levy taxes *a stronger central government was needed

Which branch of government has ultimate control over the other two?

none

What were two advantages of states under this form of government?

*they kept all their rights not given to Congress *states would work together to defend the country and secure their liberties

*Congress could not levy and collect taxes. *Congress could not regulate interstate or foreign trade. *There was no national court system to settle disputes. *The thirteen separate states lacked national unity. Which document is characterized by these statements?

Articles of Confederation

"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal..." Which document contains these words?

Declaration of Independence

Who was the presiding officer at the Constitutional Convention?

George Washington

Describe the Three-Fifths Compromise.

The Three-Fifths Compromise dealt with counting slaves as part of a state's population. The South wanted slaves to count for representation purposes, but not taxation purposes. The North wanted slaves to count for taxation purposes, but not representation purposes. So, they came up with the Three-Fifths Compromise which stated for every 5 slaves, 3 would be counted as population for taxation and representation purposes.

What kind of government did the Articles of Confederation establish?

a confederacy

What did Federalists agree to do to win support for ratification of the United States Constitution?

add a bill of rights to the document

How were debates at the Constitutional Convention of 1787 between delegates from states with large populations and states with small populations mainly resolved?

creating a two-house legislature

Which level of government is responsible for tax collection?

both national and state governments

How did the Great Compromise resolve the debate over state representation in the federal government?

by creating a bicameral legislature made up of the Senate (2 members from each state) and the House of Representatives (based on population)

Which type of document usually describes the basic structure, functions, and powers of a government?

constitution

How did the Northwest Ordinance of 1787 affect the practice of slavery in the Northwest Territory?

it banned the use of slaves in the Northwest Territory

What did the Constitution change that made it an improvement over the Articles of Confederation?

it changed the balance of power between national and state governments

Why did delegates to the Constitutional Convention of 1787 write a new constitution?

they believed that a strong central government was necessary

How did the states contribute to rising inflation following the Revolutionary War?

they printed large amounts of paper money without increasing their supply of gold and silver to back up the money printed

Why did the framers of the Constitution create a system of checks and balances?

to keep any one branch of government from becoming too powerful

Why were the first ten amendments added to the Constitution?

to protect individual freedoms from governmental power

Where does the Preamble of the United States Constitution say that the power to govern originates?

with the people