GR - Integumentary

50) The cuticle is another name for the ________ of the nail. A) eponychium B) lunula C) bed D) hyponychium E) fold

A) eponychium

16) Which of the following terms refers to fine, unpigmented hairs, which first appear after roughly three months of development? A) lanugo B) vernix C) terminal D) vellus E) intermediate

A) lanugo

49) Sensible perspiration is a function of ________ glands. A) merocrine B) sebaceous C) apocrine D) milk-producing E) follicular

A) merocrine

1) Skin color is due to ________. A) dermal blood supply B) thickness of the stratum corneum C) melanin D) carotene E) All of the answers are correct.

C) melanin

41) Hairs on the upper and lower limbs that change their distribution are called ________ hairs. A) vellus B) lanugo C) terminal D) pili E) intermediate

E) intermediate A- fine hair B- prenatal hair C- rough hair after puberty

34) Carotene normally accumulates inside ________. A) melanocytes B) Merkel cells C) Langerhans cells D) apocrine glands E) keratinocytes

E) keratinocytes

13) Which of the following parts of a hair is/are usually seen on the surface? A) cortex, medulla, shaft B) bulb, root, shaft C) follicle, bulb, cuticle, cortex D) hard keratin, bulb, root E) shaft only

E) shaft only

51) Calluses form when skin is subjected to mechanical stress, and cells in the ________ divide more rapidly. A) stratum corneum B) stratum spinosum C) stratum lucidum D) stratum granulosum E) stratum basale

E) stratum basale

5) Which epidermal layer is not distinguishable in thin skin, and stains poorly in thick skin? A) stratum spinosum B) stratum basale C) stratum corneum D) stratum granulosum E) stratum lucidum

E) stratum lucidum

61) In aging humans, the blood supply to the dermis is increased at the same time that sweat glands become less active.

false

57) Ceruminous glands are milk-producing glands found in the breasts.

false, ceruminous glands are apocrine glands in the ear and milk-producing glands are mammary glands

58) Earwax is produced by modified sebaceous glands.

false, ceruminous glands produce earwax

T or F: 53) Merkel cells are located in the stratum spinosum.

false, stratum basale

54) The stratum basale is the layer of cells superficial to the stratum spinosum.

false, stratum basale is the deepest epidermal layer

55) Large stem cells dominate the stratum basale.

true

56) Sebaceous follicles communicate directly with the epidermis.

true

59) The nail body covers the nail bed, but nail production occurs at the nail root.

true

60) During repair, the combination of blood clot, fibroblasts, and an extensive capillary network, is called granulation tissue.

true

27) The decrease in which of the following cells occurs with aging, thereby reducing the sensitivity of the immune system? A) Langerhans cells B) Merkel cells C) melanocytes D) keratinocytes E) tactile corpuscles

A) Langerhans cells antigen-presenting immune cells B- sensitivityt C- determine pigmentation of skin D- skin cells E- related to sensitivity

37) Vitamin D is required for normal intestinal absorption of ________. A) calcium and phosphorus B) phosphorus and magnesium C) magnesium and calcium D) sodium and potassium E) calcium and sodium

A) calcium and phosphorus

42) Sebum is produced by ________ glands. A) sebaceous B) eccrine C) apocrine D) sudoriferous E) merocrine

A) sebaceous the oil from the hair follicles

45) Folliculitis is a local inflammation of ________. A) sebaceous glands B) sudoriferous glands C) arrector pili D) apocrine glands E) merocrine glands

A) sebaceous glands think hair follicles

4) The most superficial layer of the epidermis in which all the cells still possess a nucleus is the ________. A) stratum corneum B) stratum basale C) stratum spinosum D) stratum granulosum E) stratum lucidum

A) stratum granulosum

39) Another name for the subcutaneous layer is the ________. A) superficial fascia B) integument C) reticular layer D) deep fascia E) papillary layer

A) superficial fascia

18) Variations in hair color reflect differences in hair structure and ________. A) variations in the pigments produced by melanocytes at the papilla B) age of the individual C) air bubbles in the medulla of the hair shaft D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.

A) variations in the pigments, produced by melanocytes at the papilla B and C- determine the length of air

14) Fine hairs covering the general surface of the body are ________. A) vellus hairs B) terminal hairs C) intermediate hairs D) heavily pigmented hairs E) None of the answers are correct.

A) vellus hairs

47) ________ secrete pheromones, and a viscous, cloudy, potentially odorous secretion. A) Ceruminous glands B) Apocrine glands C) Eccrine glands D) Merocrine glands E) Sebaceous glands

B) Apocrine glands

38) The subcutaneous layer consists of loose connective tissue with abundant ________. A) keratinocytes B) adipocytes C) Merkel cells D) melanocytes E) sebaceous glands

B) adipocytes AKA hypodermis

11) A single layer of dead, keratinized cells at the outer surface of the hair overlap and form the ________. A) cortex B) cuticle C) medulla D) soft keratin E) external root sheath

B) cuticle

33) The amount of melanin and carotene produced is under ________ control. A) environmental B) genetic C) emotional D) physiological factor E) All of the answers are correct.

B) genetic

2) The most abundant cells in the epidermis are ________. A) melanocytes B) keratinocytes C) Merkel cells D) Langerhans cells E) None of the answers are correct.

B) keratinocytes

8) The superficial layer of the dermis consists of ________. A) stratified squamous epithelial tissue B) loose connective tissue C) denser regular connective tissue D) dense irregular connective tissue E) simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

B) loose connective tissue contains areolar connective tissue which is a loose tissue

22) The most widely distributed type of sweat gland on the body is (the) ________. A) apocrine sweat gland B) merocrine sweat gland C) ceruminous gland D) myoepithelial gland E) None of the answers are correct.

B) merocrine sweat gland

30) Thermoregulation is the primary function of ________. A) the dermis B) sensible perspiration C) arrector pili muscle contraction D) sebaceous glands E) apocrine glands

B) sensible perspiration C- sensibility of skin D- hair oil

9) The hypodermis is important in ________. A) connecting the dermis to the epidermis B) stabilizing the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues C) preventing unacceptable water losses through the skin D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.

B) stabilizing the position of the skin in relation to underlying tissues

25) Why is the skin capable of repair, even after serious damage? A) Individual skin cells have a high metabolic rate. B) Stem cells persist in both the epithelial and connective tissue components. C) Construction of scar tissue is easier than making normal skin. D) All layers of the skin have an excellent blood supply. E) There are abundant fibroblasts in the epidermis.

B) stem cells persist in both the epithelial and connective tissue components

46) Eyebrows and eyelashes are examples of ________ hairs. A) vellus B) terminal C) intermediate D) club E) lanugo

B) terminal continuously fall out

31) Skin surfaces that lack hair contain specialized epithelial cells called ________, which are sensitive to touch. A) melanocytes B) keratinocytes C) Merkel cells D) merocrine glands E) Langerhans cells

C) Merkel cells

3) Specialized epithelial cells in the stratum basale, which release chemicals that stimulate sensory nerve endings, are called ________. A) melanocytes B) Merkel cells C) Langerhans cells D) keratinocytes E) stem cells

C) Merkel cells also called tactile epithelial cells

6) A bluish coloring of the skin that occurs as a result of extreme cold, or of circulatory or respiratory disorders is called ________. A) pale B) blushing C) cyanosis D) jaundice E) fading

C) cyanosis

23) Cerumen is commonly known as ________. A) salts B) proteins C) earwax D) water E) saliva

C) earwax

44) The hair matrix is a layer of ________. A) loose connective tissue B) apocrine glands C) epithelium D) sebum E) dense connective tissue

C) epithelium

10) Merocrine sweat glands ________. A) are most common in the axilla B) are the same as apocrine glands C) function in thermoregulation D) are usually attached to hair follicles E) produce a potentially odorous secretion

C) function in thermoregulation A- apocrine E- apocrine

26) Which of the following characterizes step 2 of the regeneration of skin after an injury? A) bleeding at the site B) inflammatory response C) granulation tissue formation D) scar tissue formation E) activity leads to collagen fiber appearance

C) granulation tissue formation

21) Sebaceous glands are often associated with ________. A) nails B) merocrine sweat glands C) hair follicles D) apocrine sweat glands E) All of the answers are correct.

C) hair follicles B and D- sweat glands

24) Which type of gland can be precisely controlled, and its amount of secretion and the area of the body involved can be varied independently? A) apocrine sweat gland B) sebaceous gland C) merocrine sweat gland D) ceruminous glands E) mammary gland

C) merocrine sweat gland

40) Arrector pili consists of ________. A) skeletal muscle B) loose connective tissue C) smooth muscle D) adipocytes E) cardiac muscle

C) smooth muscle involuntary, think of when you get goosebumps

52) Age-induced weakening of muscles and reduction in bone strength are compounded by the skin's diminished production of ________, which is required for effective calcium uptake. A) sebum B) vitamin B12 C) vitamin D D) vitamin A E) vitamin B1

C) vitamin D

20) Functions of merocrine sweat glands include which combination of the following? (1) lubricating the skin (2) thermoregulation (3) inhibiting the growth of microorganisms (4) excretion of water, electrolytes, and some drugs A) 1, 2 B) 1, 2, 3 C) 1, 3 D) 2, 3, 4 E) 4, 5

D) 2, 3, 4 lubricating the skin is the function of sebaceous glands

29) In older individuals, wrinkling of the skin occurs because of ________. A) thinning of the dermis B) a decrease of elastic fiber network size C) weakening of the integument D) All of the answers are correct. E) None of the answers are correct.

D) All of the answers are correct

28) Which of the following effects of aging causes the elderly to be at greater risk of overheating in warm environments? A) thinning of the epidermis of the skin B) a decrease in the number of Langerhans cells C) a decrease in melanocyte activity D) a decrease in glandular activity E) All of the answers are correct.

D) a decrease in glandular activity ability to sweat will affect temp.

48) Ceruminous glands are ________ glands. A) merocrine B) sebaceous C) follicular D) apocrine E) milk-producing

D) apocrine

36) In the dermis, repeated ultraviolet exposure can result in damage to ________, causing abnormal connective tissue structure and premature wrinkling. A) Langerhans cells B) Merkel cells C) sebaceous glands D) fibrocytes E) melanocytes

D) fibrocytes fibrocytes give rise to collagen which determines wrinkling

7) Which of the following structures produce black, yellow-brown, or brown pigment in intracellular vesicles? A) tactile corpuscles B) Ruffini corpuscles C) lamellated corpuscles D) melanocytes E) Merkel cells

D) melanocytes the structure responsible for the pigment of skin

19) The two groups of sweat glands in the skin are ________. A) sebaceous and merocrine B) apocrine and endocrine C) holocrine and endocrine D) merocrine and apocrine E) adrenal and holocrine

D) merocrine and apocrine

15) The cells found in sweat glands that function to squeeze sweat out of the gland are called ________. A) neuroepithelial cells B) stratified columnar cells C) transitional cells D) myoepithelial cells E) None of the answers are correct.

D) myoepithelial cells

32) Thick skin can be found on the sole and the ________. A) scalp B) back of thorax C) abdomen D) palm E) knee surface

D) palm

35) Each keratinocyte in the ________ contains tonofibrils. A) stratum corneum B) stratum basale C) stratum granulosum D) stratum spinosum E) papillary layer of dermis

D) stratum spinosum

17) At the end of a hair's growth cycle, which of the following occurs? A) The follicle becomes mature. B) Club hairs form. C) Connections between the hair matrix and other structures break down. D) Old hair gets pushed toward the surface. E) All of the answers are correct.

E) All of the answers are correct

12) Functions of the hair on the body include ________. A) protecting the skin from ultraviolet radiation B) cushioning blows C) providing insulating benefits D) providing nervous sensation E) All of the answers are correct

E) all of the answer are correct

43) Mammary glands are anatomically related to ________. A) sebaceous glands B) merocrine sweat glands C) sebaceous follicles D) eccrine sweat glands E) apocrine sweat glands

E) apocrine sweat glands