Gramling BUAL 2600
What is business analytics?
An extension of traditional statistics
A graphic that depicts a frequency, relative frequency, or percent frequency distribution
Bar Chart
Displays the frequency of each class with qualitative data
Bar chart
what are used to describe qualitative (categorical) data
Bar charts, Pie charts
Displays the frequency of each class with quantitative data
Histogram
Which of the following divides quantitative measurements into classes and graphs the frequency, relative frequency, or percentage frequency of each class?
Histogram
Which one of the following graphical tools is used to graph the frequency of employee salaries for target
Histogram
If Amazon wanted to ensure a customers' response to an online survey was confidential and the sampling method was unbiased, which of the following should be implemented?
Identify each randomly selected customer by a random identification number
In the Analytic Process, the next step after the descriptives (Descriptives is the data that has occured up to the current point in time) have been collected, is to use the data to:
Make Predictions
When a person gives an answer that they think you want to hear or is politically correct
Measurement Error
Which of the following is a quantitative variable
Mileage of a car
If a dataset's maximum value is 1500 but the graph only goes to 1000, this is an example of:
Misleading Graphs
Which of the following is a type of question used in survey research
Multiple choice, Dichotomous, Open-ended
A common practice in selecting a sample from a large geographic area is
Multistage cluster sampling
A person's telephone area code is an example of a
Nominative
A(n) ___________ variable is a qualitative variable such that there is no meaningful ordering or ranking of the categories
Nominative
Each door is the same except for the number give, I.E. 1,2,3
Nominative
Filling status
Nominative
PC ownership (no ordering of categories)
Nominative
Variable is a qualitative variable such that there is no meaningful ordering or ranking of the categories
Nominative
In order to select a stratified random sample how do we divide a population?
Non-overlapping groups
When developing a frequency distribution, the class (group) intervals must be
Nonoverlapping
Measurements from a population are called
Observations
The Data Ethics principle that supports datasets can be made available to the public is:
Openness
An identification of police officers by rank would represent
Ordinal
An identification of police officers by rank would represent a(n ) _____________ level of measurement
Ordinal
Each category from TV-G to TV-MA indicates programming appropriate for increasingly older viewers
Ordinal
Each grade from A to F indicates an increasingly lower grade
Ordinal
Possible qualitative data for Stitchfix to collect is a clothing size such as small, medium, and large. This is an example of
Ordinal
Restaurant Ratings
Ordinal
An unusually large or small observation separated from the rest of the data is an
Outlier
The kia plant needs to determine the cumulative frequency of defects in the production of a car door hinge. which type of graph should they use to accurately present this information?
Pareto Chart
StitchFiz has 1000 customers they sampled by age. They should use __________ random sampling to randomly select 50 customers from each age group
Stratified
StitchFix wants to make sure different specific characteristics, such as all different age groups, are represented in their sample. The appropriate sampling method they should use is
Stratified random sampling
An example of manipulating a graphical display to distort reality is
Stretching the axes
By randomly selecting a starting point then choosing every 50th person, we are conducting a
Systemic Random Sampling
What does low response rates affect?
The validity of a surveys results
What is an error?
This is when either the respondent pr interviewer incorrectly marks the answer
The purpose of collecting a random sample from a population is
To make statistical inferences about the entire population
Amazon collects random reviews from their customers on the West Coast as the data they use for their nationwide marketing plan. This sample suffers from which sampling bias?
Undercoverage
Occurs when some population elements are excluded from the process of selecting the sample
Undercoverage
Using a nonrandom sample procedure in order to support a desired conclusion is an example
Unethical Statistical Procedure
Which of the following is not an example of unethical statistical practices
Using graphs to make statistical inferences
What is it called when we combine graphs (visuals) with predictive analytics
Visual Analytics
Is it possible tp use a random sample from a population to make inferences about the entire population
Yes
A plot that allows us to visualize the relationship between two variables is an
scatter
A commercial shipping operates a large fleet of trucks. The company needs to collect data on vehicle usage including acceleration, braking, and vehicle maintenance such as fluid levels. The datasourcing method needed to collect the data for this scenario
sensor
What is relative frequency
the frequency of a class divided by the total number of measurements
When do errors of non-observations occur
when population elements are not observed
Which of the following is a categorical variable?
whether a person has a traffic violation
How are bar graphs for qualitative data displayed
with a gab between each category
Which of the following correlation coefficient describes the weakest relationship between two quantitative variables
0.15
Which of the following correlation coefficients describes the strongest relationship between two qualitative variables
0.85
What effect does having the vertical scale of a graph at a value different from zero do?
Can cause increases to look more dramatic
Examining all population measurements is called
Census
From the video we watched in class, the act of choosing a portion of the axis which leads to telling a misleading story is called
Cherry Picking
Which of the following describes the steps of the Analytic Process after we know the business problem?
Choose Data Sourcing Method-Cllect descriptives- Make Prediction-Ask Next Question
Which of the following are included in the Key Points of storytelling
Choose the appropriate graph and tell and accurate story
In 2020 Presidential Election was in November and we saw reports on the percentage of Americans who were registered to vote in the national. If we wanted to sample all registered to vote in the national election. If we wanted to sample all registered voters in the United States and avoid Bias, as well as, save time and Money, the appropriate sampling method to use would be:
Cluster Random Sampling by regions nationwide
When a low response bias occurs, what should you do?
Conduct another sample to increase the response rate
A local store wants to find out if a new item is linked by their customers. They ask the first 10 customers that enter the story and use this date. This is an example of
Convenience Sampling
A type of sampling in which we select elements because they are easy or convenient to sample
Convenience sampling
In ___________ we select elements because they are easy to sample
Convenience sampling
In ____________ we select elements because they are easy to sample.
Convenience sampling
What is the process of displaying large quantities of data in a meaningful way called
Data Visualization
Given a scatterplot, if one quantitative variable increases when the other quantitative variable decreases the _________________ of the correlation coefficient is ___________________.
Direction, Negative
Given a scatterplot, if one quantitative variable increases as the other quantitative variable increases the ___________ of the correlation coefficient is _____________
Direction, positive
A doctors office needs to know how many of their services are used by their patients during one year time period. Before a patient leaces their office, a summary report includes the date, the doctor they saw, the services provided, and the total charge for each service. Which of the following datasourcing methods best descirbes this data collection scenario
Point of Sale
Set that includes all elements about which we wish to draw a conclusion
Population
If we are concerned whether the data was collected confidentially or anonymously, this is an example of which data ethic principle
Privacy
The question "Do you use third-party cookies" is an example of what would be asked if a person was concerned about:
Privacy Data Ethics Principle
The advertising medium (Radio,Televison, or Print) used to promote a product
Qualitative
The stock exchange on which a companys stock is traded
Qualitative
What variable can also be known as categorical varaibles
Qualitative
What variable is also known as categorical variables
Qualitative
Mileage of a car is an example of what kind of variable?
Quantitative
The dollar amount on an accounts receivable invoice
Quantitative
The national debt of the United States in 2017
Quantitative
The net profit for a company in 2017
Quantitative
By taking a systematic sample in which we select every 100th shopper arriving at a specific store, we are approximating a
Random Sample
The proportion of measurements in a class is called the
Relative frequency
The proportion of measurements in a class is called the ______________ of that class
Relative frequency
is a subset of the unites in a population
Sample
The difference between a numerical descriptor of the population and the corresponding descriptor of the sample. The sample does not reflect the population
Sampling error
Shows the relationship between two quantitative variables
Scatter Plot
What graph is used to identify the relationship between two variables
Scatter plot
Which of the following questions would result in response bias
Since hacking is so common, are you confident that the information you provide online is secure
If a histogram has a long left or right tail, the data is described as:
Skewed
When a histograms distribution has a long right tail it is?
Skewed to the right
What should be included on a graph axis when the scale does not start at zero
Slash
why choose a random sample?
So that every element in the population has the same chance of being included in the sample
The science of using a sample of measurements to make generalizations about the important aspects of a population of measurements
Statistical Inference
Non Overlapping groups of similar elements in a population are called
Strata
What can be combined to develop an appropriate sample
Stratification and multistage cluster
a Yes or No question is
dichotomous
What happens during systematic sampling
first element is randomly selected from the first (N/n) elements
The number of measurements falling within a class interval is called the
frequency
A set of all elements we wish to study is called a
population
Variable can have values that indicate into which of several categories of a population it belongs
qualitative
A ___________ variable take on values that are numbers on the real number line
quantitative